| 释义 |
basin, n.|ˈbeɪs(ə)n|
Forms: 3 bascin, bacin, 4–5 bacine, bacyn(e, bassyn(e, -eyn, 4–6 basyn, 5 basson, bassyng, -ien, bacen, 6 bayseyn, bassine, basing, baiseing, 6–7 basen, 8 bassin, 6– bason, 5– basin.
[ME. bacin, bascin, a. OF. bacin (12th c. in Littré), mod. bassin (= Picard bachin, Pr., Sp. bacin, It. bacino):—late L. bachīnus, bacchīnus; in Greg. of Tours, 6th c., ‘vulgo’ bacchīnon; supposed by some to be for baccīnus, -um, and to be a derivative of bacca ‘vas aquārium’ Isidore. Thence also OHG. becchin, mod.G. becken, Du. bekken. The med.L. had bacīnus, bassīnus from the mod. langs. The ulterior source is unknown: the Celtic bacc- ‘hook, crook,’ to which Diez and others have referred it, has no derivative with any approach to the sense of ‘basin’: see Thurneysen.]
I. A hollow circular vessel.
1. a. A circular vessel of greater width than depth, with sloping or curving sides, used for holding water and other liquids, especially for washing purposes. barber's basin: see barber n. 3.
c1220St. Marher. 9 His twa ehnen..brad as bascins. c1330Florice & Bl. 550 Water and cloth and bacyn For to wasschen his hondes in. c1400Destr. Troy vii. 3169 Bassons of bright gold. 1486Bk. St. Albans B v a, Put it in a bassien of brasse. 1513–75Diurn. Occurr. (1833) 103 The basing and the lawar. 1596Shakes. Tam. Shr. ii. i. 350 Basons and ewers, to laue her dainty hands. 1616R. C. Times' Whis. iv. 1613 Faire water in a basen. 1726Gay Fables i. xxi. 23 His pole with pewter basons hung. 1794G. Adams Nat. & Exp. Philos. I. iii. 70 A barometer..immersed in a bason of mercury. c1845Lane Arab. Nts. (Rtldg.) 290 The slave brought a basin and water; the prince then washed himself.
b. The quantity held by a basin; a basinful.
1834H. Martineau Farrers vii. 127 [She] made a basin of tea. Mod. A basin of soup on a cold day.
2. A similar circular dish for any purpose.
1525Ld. Berners Froiss. II. cxvi. (R.) His bedde was wont to be chafed with a bason of hote coles. a1704T. Brown Sat. Antients (1730) I. 14 Satura Lanx was properly a bason filled with all sorts of fruit. 1777J. Richardson Dissert. East. Nations 26 Four large basons filled with gold and silver. 1662Bk. Com. Prayer Commun., Shall receive the Alms for the Poor..in a decent bason.
3. The scale-dish of a balance.
1413Lydg. Pylgr. Sowle i. xvi. (1859) 18 Lete hym put it in the ryȝt bacyn of the balaunce. 1727–51Chambers Cycl., Basons of a Balance. 1833J. Holland Manuf. Metal II. 292 The boards or basins are suspended by means of hooks to the ends of the beam.
†4. pl. Hollow metal dishes clashed together to produce sound; ? cymbals. The beating of metal basins was formerly part of the mocking accompaniment when infamous persons were condemned to be publicly carted. Obs.
c1302Pol. Songs (1839) 189 The Flemmysche..Agynneth to clynken huere basyns of bras. c1374Chaucer Boeth. iv. vi. 133 Forto rescowe þe moone [in eclipses] þei betyn hire basines wiþ þikke strokes. 1604Dekker Honest Wh. Wks. 1873 II. 181 Why before her does the Bason ring? 1609B. Jonson Sil. Wom. iii. v. (N.) Let there be no bawd carted that year, to employ a bason of his.
5. spec.
a. A concave tool used by glass-grinders in the manufacture of convex glasses.
1727–51Chambers Cycl. s.v., Various kinds of basons, of copper, iron, etc...some deeper, others shallower, according to the focus of the glasses that are to be ground.
†6. The hollow part of a plate or dish. Obs.
1662Pepys Diary 21 July, Silver dishes and plates..in the edges and basins of which was placed..gold medals.
7. A helmet; a basinet. Obs.
c1300K. Alis. 2333 So he tok his basyn, That hit clevyd into the chyn. c1325Coeur de L. 2557 Some he hytte on the bacyn, That he cleff hym to the chyn.
†8. Phys.
a. The pelvis;
b. A funnel-shaped cavity situated between the anterior ventricles of the brain. Obs.
1727–51in Chambers Cycl. 1760Brady in Phil. Trans. LI. 660 A bone found in the pelvis or bason of a man. 1771J. S. Le Dran's Observ. Surg. Dict. C c b, The Pelvis, or Bason of the Kidnies.
II. A hollow depression, natural or artificial.
9. A hollow receptacle, natural or artificial, containing water. spec. a submarine hollow or cavity.
1712Blackmore (J.) And from its ample basin cast the main. 1764Harmer Observ. x. viii. 327 Their waters being conveyed by acqueducts into two very large basons. 18..Wordsw. Idle Sheph. Boys, And in a basin black and small Receives a lofty waterfall. 1867M. E. Herbert Cradle L. viii. 213 Inland basins of rain-water. 1881J. F. Williams Geogr. Oceans iii. i. 142 The eastern and north-western basins have average depths of 2,500 and 3,000 fathoms respectively. 1904A. Knox Gloss. Geogr. & Topogr. Terms 37 Basin,..used, in sub-oceanic relief, for a depression of approximately round form.
10. a. A dock constructed in a tidal river or harbour, in which by means of flood-gates the water is kept at a constant level, used for ships discharging or lading cargo, or when laid up.
1709Lond. Gaz. No. 4510/5 A great Fleet of Merchant Ships..have contracted with the Officers of his Majesty's Customs to open their way into the great Basin of this City. 1815Wellington in Gurwood Disp. XII. 265 A wet dock or basin of considerable size and depth may be considered nessesary for the trade of Antwerp.
b. Part of a river or canal widened and furnished with wharfs for the lading and unlading of barges.
1837Whittock Bk. Trades (1842) 203 Basins are formed near towns to which the canal has a communication.
11. A land-locked harbour; a bay.
1725Pope Odyss. vi. 315 The spacious basins arching rocks enclose. 1781Gibbon Decl. & F. II. xxxi. 191 The largest vessels securely rode at anchor within three deep and capacious basons. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. 226 His army..was encamped round the basin of La Hogue. 1866Thoreau Yankee in Can. ii. 20 The harbor of Quebec..a basin two miles across.
12. Phys. Geog. The tract of country drained by a river and its tributaries, or which drains into a particular lake or sea.
[1792A. Young Trav. France 289 Modern French geographers..have divided the kingdom into what they call bassins..into several great plains, through which flow the principal rivers.] 1804C. B. Brown tr. Volney's View of Soil & Climate U.S.A. 67 Their basins, the vallies which supply them, are of a greater elevation. 1830Lyell Princ. Geol. I. 434 The hydrographical basin of the Thames. 1860Maury Phys. Geog. Sea v. §270 The basin of the Amazon is usually computed at 1,512,000 square miles. Ibid. xii. §534 The basin of the Dead Sea..and the other inland basins of Asia.
13. gen. A circular or oval valley or hollow.
c1854Stanley Sinai & Pal. v. 243 The traveller finds himself in a wide basin, encircled by hills. 1860Tyndall Glac. i. §23. 166 The basin had been scooped by glaciers.
14. Geol. A circumscribed formation in which the strata dip inward from all sides to the centre; the stratified deposit, especially of coal, lying in such a depression.
1821Abridgem. R. Turner's Arts. & Sc. 230 What is called a coal-field, or district, or sometimes a coal-basin. 1850Lyell Princ. Geol. Gloss. 776 Basin of Paris, Basin of London. Deposits lying in a hollow or trough, formed of older rocks. 1877Green Phys. Geol. ix. §3. 347 If the beds dip everywhere towards a centre, they..form a basin.
15. Hort. The depression at the apex of a pomaceous fruit, in which is situated the calyx or eye.
1909in Cent. Dict. Suppl.
III. Comb., chiefly attrib., as basin-pan, basin-sign, basin-stand; also basin-like, basin-shaped, adj.; basinful, the content of a basin; also transf. an excessive amount, (more than) enough (slang); basin irrigation (see quot. 1961); basin-wide a., as wide as a basin (cf. saucer-eyed).
1799G. Smith Laborat. I. 434 Take two *basonfuls of river sand. 1935G. Ingram Cockney Cavalcade 136 My mother's had a ‘basinful’, if anyone has, I can tell you. 1957‘J. Wyndham’ Midwich Cuckoos iii. 24 That there Miss Ogle ain't 'alf goin' to cop 'erself a basinful of 'Er Majesty's displeasure over this little lot. 1960News Chron. 27 June 4/8 I've had a basinful of bowler-hat and furled-umbrella parts.
1903Westm. Gaz. 29 Sept. 1/3 The old *basin irrigation will be transformed into a perennial system. 1961L. D. Stamp Gloss. Geogr. Terms 54/2 Basin irrigation: the type of irrigation associated especially with the Nile in Egypt and the Sudan whereby flood waters are led off into specially prepared ‘basins’ which vary in size from a few dozen acres to many square miles. The basins are separated from one another by earth banks.
1836–9Todd Cycl. Anat. & Phys. II. 134/2 A horny *basin-like cavity.
1462Test. Ebor. (1855) II. 261 Wirt-pannes, *basyn-pan.
1859Todd Cycl. Anat. & Phys. V. 146/2 The pelvis offers a *basin-shaped structure.
1613Rowlands Spy-Knaues B iij b, First to my Barber, at his *Bason signe.
1842T. Martin in Fraser's Mag. Dec., Ducking and diving into the *basin-stand.
1591Spenser M. Hubberd 670 Then gan the Courtiers..stare on him, with big lookes *basen wide. |