| 释义 |
basis|ˈbeɪsɪs|
Pl. bases.
[a. L. basis, a. Gr. βάσις: see base n.1]
I. Literal senses. (Now rarely used: see base.)
1. gen. The bottom of anything, considered as the part on which it rests or is supported; the foundation, base, foot. arch.
1571Digges Pantom. i. xxx. I iij, The distance of the ship from the basis or foote of the cliffe. 1610Shakes. Temp. ii. i. 120 Th'shore; that ore his waue-worne basis bowed As stooping to releeue him. 1656H. More Antid. Ath. i. iv. (1712) 143 The basis of the Cedar. 1718Pope Iliad vii. 545 Whose rage can make The solid earth's eternal basis shake! 1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. iv. iv. III. 155 Triumphal Arches: at the basis of the first of which, we descry, etc.
†2. The base of a pillar; = base n.1 5.
[1532More Confut. Barnes viii. Wks. 742/2 The grounde or foote of the piller called in laten basis.] 1677Hale Prim. Orig. Man. i. ii. 64 His Feet, the Basis of the Pillar of his Body. a1719Addison (J.) Observing an English inscription upon the basis, we read it over several times.
†3. A pedestal. Obs.
1601Shakes. Jul. C. iii. i. 115 Cæsar..That now on Pompeyes Basis lye[s] along, No worthier then the dust. 1686W. Aglionby Paint. Illustr. 367 The Basis likewise is a Balusted of Granite-Stone.
4. Bot. and Zool. That part of an organ by which it is attached to its support; = base n.1 7. Now only in specific use: see quots. 1870.
1615Crooke Body of Man 467 A Pine-apple, broade and round in the Basis. 1664Power Exp. Philos. i. 40 The obtuse Tip of this Capsula..shoots itself into the basis of the Liver. 1753Chambers Cycl. Supp. s.v. Antholyza, The upper lip [of the flower]..near its basis has two short jaggs. 1870Nicholson Zool. (1880) 289 A shelly or membranous plate closes the lower aperture of the [Acorn-] shell, and is termed the ‘basis.’ 1870Rolleston Anim. Life 94 The second joint is known as the ‘basipodite,’ or ‘basis.’
†5. A geometrical base: = base n.1 9.
1571Digges Pantom. i. vi. C iij b, That subtendente side, or basis. 1661Boyle Examen (1682) 95 A Pyramide..whose Basis is part of the surface of the Atmosphere. 1748Hartley Observ. Man i. iii. §1 ⁋ 80 The Angles at the Basis of an Isosceles Triangle.
†6. Each of the boards of a pair of bellows. Obs.
1669Boyle Cont. New Exp. i. (1682) 129 Another pair of Tite Bellows made with a very light Clack in the lower Basis. Ibid. i. 109 The Orifice of the Vent in the basis.
II. Transferred and figurative senses.
7. The main constituent, fundamental ingredient.
1601Holland Pliny Gloss., Basis in a compound medicine is that drug or simple which is predominant. 1665Phil. Trans. I. 117 Salt, the Basis of all Natural Productions. 1712tr. Pomet's Hist. Drugs I. 179 Several People make it the Basis of the Liquorice juice. 1867J. Hogg Microsc. i. iii. 225 Colouring-solutions should be always prepared with glycerine..as a basis.
8. That by or on which anything immaterial is supported or sustained; a foundation, support
1605Shakes. Macb. iv. iii. 32 Great Tyrrany, lay thou thy basis sure. 1686W. de Britaine Hum. Prud. 126 The love of the Subject is the most sure Basis of the Princes Greatness. 1718Free-thinker No. 75. 142 Integrity is the Basis of all Human Prudence. 1860Tyndall Glac. ii. §3. 243 This speculation..rested upon a basis of conjecture.
9. That on which anything is reared, constructed, or established, and by which its constitution or operation is determined; groundwork, footing:
a. a thing material.
1668Hale Pref. Rolle's Abridgm. 9 This Book will be the Basis of such a Common-place Book. 1808Middleton Grk. Article (ed. 3) I. 485 The critical possessor of the basis filled its margin with glosses and readings.
b. a thing immaterial; a principle, a fact.
1601Shakes. Twel. N. iii. ii. 36 Build me thy fortunes vpon the basis of valour. 1622Malynes Anc. Law-Merch. 423 Where the Basis of Exchange..is made vpon our twentie shillings sterling. 1852McCulloch Taxation ii. vi. 254 Assessing licence duties on such inapplicable bases. 1871R. W. Dale Commandm. vi. 151 If Moses had to regulate our legislation in reference to railway accidents, he would put it on altogether a new basis. 1876Green Short Hist. iv. §4 (1882) 190 Among the German races society rested on the basis of the family.
c. a set of principles laid down or agreed upon as the ground of negotiation, argument, or action.
1796Burke Regic. Peace Wks. VIII. 334 We had gained a great point in getting this basis admitted..a basis of mutual compensation. 1855Bright Russia, Sp. 7 June (1876) 253 It is necessary therefore to have a basis for our discussion. 1880McCarthy Own Times III. xxxvi. 129 A basis of legislation was at last agreed upon.
10. The tract of country from, and in connexion with, which military or other operations are conducted; = base n.1 16. lit. and fig.
1833H. Martineau Cinnamon & P. vii. 124 Colonies are not advantageous to the mother-country as the basis of a peculiar trade. 1865M. Arnold Ess. Crit. vii. 219 [Joubert's] soul had, for its basis of operations, hardly any body at all. 1865Times 2 Jan., To make Canada..the basis of operations against the Northern States.
III. attrib., as in basis-structure, basis-tissue. basis box, also basic box, the unit of area in the tinplate industry (see quot. 1956); basis wine, a fermented liquor obtained chiefly from raisins or concentrated must and used as the basis or main constituent in the manufacture of various wines.
1926Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. CXIII. 602 There are two gas-fired furnaces each with a capacity of about 30 tons, or 600 basis boxes per charge. 1956W. E. Hoare Tinplate Handbk. (ed. 3) iv. 13 The unit of area used by the tinplate industries is the basis box or base box, originally defined as 112 sheets each 20 in. × 14 in. 1958A. D. Merriman Dict. Metallurgy 16/1 The weight may vary from 55 to 275 lb. per basis box, but is usually between 100 and 150 lb.
1839–47Todd Cycl. Anat. & Phys. III. 727/1 The basis-substance is..destitute of fibres.
Ibid. IV. 878/1 These ‘dental tubuli’..subdivide rapidly in the hard basis-tissue.
1905A. Chamberlain in Hansard 10 Apr. CXLIV. 1049 Wine manufactured..partly from imported grape must, more largely from currants and raisins..known to the trade as ‘basis’ wine. 1905Daily Chron. 21 Dec. 6/3 Fraudulent wines, containing what was called ‘basis’ wine. |