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▪ I. baton, n.
(ˈbætən, ‖ batɔ̃)
Forms: 6– batton, 7– baton.
[a. mod.F. bâton:—OF. baston, whence the earlier Eng. baston. Baton appeared first in 16th c. in Sc. writers: the usual Eng. form during 17th and 18th c. was batoon, but ˈbaton was occasionally used in sense 2, and has now all but supplanted batoon.]
†1.
a. A staff or stick used as a weapon, sometimes also of iron or iron-tipped; a club, cudgel, or truncheon; = baston 1. Obs. in general sense, in which also batoon was the form always used during 17th and 18th c.
1548Compl. Scot. 28 The father takkis ane batton or sum othir sterk vappin to puneise his sonne. 1596Spenser F.Q. vi. vii. 46 The Villaine..with his yron batton which he bore Let drive at him. 1609Skene Reg. Maj. 142 Gif any..mutilates ane other with ane batton. 1829Scott Anne of G. i, If you use your baton, he rewards you with the stab of a knife.
b. A staff or stick generally; a walking-stick (after French use).
1801Strutt Sports & Past. ii. iii. 98 A small batton or stump set up. 1860Tyndall Glac. i. §11. 79 Driving..the spikes of our batons into the slope above our feet.
c. transf. Of bread: a long loaf; also, a thin short stick.
1857Geo. Eliot Amos Barton ii. in Blackw. Mag. LXXXI. 11/1 Chubby, who is making a round O of her mouth to receive a bit of papa's ‘baton’. 1901Westm. Gaz. 22 Apr. 7/2 The crowd consumed..17,000 batons. 1959M. Steen Tower i. v. 76 A bâton of French bread and some cheese.
d. pl. [See note at club n. 8.] One of the four suits (equivalent to Clubs) in packs of playing-cards used in Italy and Spanish-speaking countries, and in tarot packs.
Cf. quot. 1816 s.v. sword n. 1 e.
1848[see sword n. 1 e]. 1892M. K. van Rensselaer Devil's Picture Bks. 82 Francis Fibbia..had obtained as the inventor of Tarocchino..the privilege of placing his own arms on the Queen of Batons. 1930C. P. Hargrave Hist. Playing Cards viii. 235 (caption) Hombre cards in which the suit signs of swords and batons interlace in the Italian manner. Ibid. 245 The King of batons bears a round escutcheon. 1964A. Wykes Gambling vii. The earliest known Tarot pack..had four suits: Cups (or Chalices), Swords, Money, and Batons (or Clubs).
2. a. A staff or truncheon carried as the symbol of office, command, or authority; a staff of office; e.g. a Marshal's baton, that carried by engine-drivers on a single line of railway, and the truncheon of a constable. Formerly also batoon (2). Also attrib. esp. in baton charge, a charge made by police constables with drawn truncheons; hence (hyphened) as v. trans. and intr. Also baton round, a rubber or plastic bullet (as fired from a baton gun).
1590J. Burel Entry of Queen, With battons blank into thair hands. 1662J. Bargrave Pope Alex. VII (1867) 116 æsculapius..in a long robe, with his baton or knotty staff in his hand. 1690Lond. Gaz. No. 2527/3 His High-Steward and Chamberlain, having gilt Batons in their Hands. 1813Scott Trierm. ii. xxvii, The weighty baton of command. 1813Wellington in Gurwood Disp. X. 452 Marshal Jourdan's Bâton of a Marshal of France. 1864Burton Scot Abr. I. i. 39 Buchan got the baton of High Constable. 1890Rev. of Reviews Nov. 489/1 As police officer, having headed a bâton charge upon them. 1900Westm. Gaz. 12 Nov. 5/1 There a large force of police was gathered, and, a baton charge taking place, several people were badly injured. 1906Daily Chron. 2 Nov. 7/6 Bleeding..from stick and baton wounds. 1968Hong Kong Rep. 1967 i. 12 On July 8..the police post was attacked and..the police opened fire with gas and wooden ‘baton’ projectiles. 1972Times 11 Aug. 1/1 An Army officer emphasized tonight that the PVC bullet would not replace the rubber baton round. 1973D. Barzilay Brit. Army in Ulster (1978) I. 73/2 The rubber bullet was developed from an idea used in the Hong Kong riots when wooden bullets were fired from the baton gun. 1976Guardian Weekly 14 Nov. 2/3 A police car stopped in the road..and a policeman jumped out and baton-charged a boy of nine or ten. 1977Times 4 Apr. 1/6 The police and troops baton-charged, and running battles with the demonstrators took place over a wide area. 1985Ibid. 8 Oct. 2/5 Weighing 4.75 oz and composed of solid PVC, the bullet, known officially as a baton round, is fired by a special launcher. 1986Financial Times 31 Jan. 2/4 In one incident several hundred women were baton-charged by Spanish riot police who also fired rubber bullets and tear gas. 1986Daily Tel. 25 Sept. 3/2 In the great majority of instances the discharge of a baton round when a riot is taking place does not cause serious injury or death.
b. Athletics. The short stick or rod passed from one runner to another in a relay race.
1920Isis 13 Oct. 2/2 Ten yards is allotted each side of the starting line in which to pass the baton to the next competitor. 1927W. Deeping Kitty xxiv, You snatched the baton from the failing hand of the past. 1958Times 25 Aug. 4/1 The British sprint relay teams won their silver medals through immaculate baton changing.
3. Her. An ordinary, in breadth the fourth part of a bend, not extending to the extremities of an escutcheon, but broken off short at each end, so as to have the figure of a truncheon; used by French heralds as a difference or mark of consanguinity, but in English coats of arms only in the form of the baton sinister, the badge of bastardy. (Popularly called bar sinister.) Formerly baston (3), batune, battoon (3).
1816Scott Antiq. xxiii, Here is the baton-sinister, the mark of illegitimacy, extended diagonally through both coats upon the shield. 1864Boutell Heraldry Hist. & Pop. xxviii. 438 The eldest son of this Earl removed his father's baton from his arms.
4. Music. The light stick or wand used by a musical conductor for beating time. (From mod.Fr., and often pronounced as French.) Also in the phr. under the baton of, under the conductorship of, conducted by.
1785C. Burney in Mus. Performances in Westm. Abbey 1784 14 So numerous a band moving in such exact measure, without..a Coryphæus to beat the time, either with a roll of paper, or a noisy baton. 1829Morning Post 27 May 3/2 Mr. Mendlessohn conducted his Sinfonia with a baton, as is customary in Germany, France, etc. 1867Athenæum 6 Apr., The introduction of the bâton in England. 1877G. B. Shaw in Hornet 27 June 330/2 Its [sc. the opera's] new aspect under the bâton of Signor Vianesi. Ibid. 1 Aug. 378/2 He is the only chief under whose baton orchestras display good training. 1880Grove Dict. Mus. I. 82 There..1820, Spohr appeared..when a baton was used for perhaps the first time at an English concert. 1884Yorksh. Post 30 Apr., It was Costa, who founded in England the order of conductor, and who introduced the wand as baton in lieu of the fiddlestick. 1962Observer 15 July 22/3 The work was played by another British orchestra under the composer's baton.
5. See batten.
▪ II. baton, v.|ˈbætən|
Also 6 battoun(e.
[f. prec. n.]
To strike with a baton or truncheon; formerly, to cudgel: see the earlier form batoon v.
c1580Montgomerie To R. Hudson, They battouned her quhill that thay saw her bluid. 1820Scott Abbot iv, That this young esquire shall poniard the servants, as well as switch and baton them. 1885Times 17 Apr. 6/4 If they did not leave peaceably, they would be batoned by the police. |