| 释义 |
roundel|ˈraʊndəl|
Also 5 roundele, 5–6 -elle, 5–7 -ell, 7 -ill; 5 roundul, Sc. -all, 6–8 -al, 7 -ill; 5 rowndel, 6 -ale, 6–7 -ell.
[ad. OF. rondel masc. or rondelle fem., f. rond round a. Hence also med.L. rondellus, -um and rondella, It. rondello, rondella, MDu. and Du. rondeel, MLG. rondel, rundel, G. rundel (rondel), Sw. rundel, Da. runddel, † rundel. For varying adoptions of the word in English see rondel, roundle, and rundle.]
I.
1. a. A circle drawn, marked out, or formed in any way. Now dial.
a1290Beket 2128 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 167 Ȝwane men peyntiez an Anletnesse,..þere is depeint a Roundel al a-boute þe heued. c1384Chaucer H. Fame ii. 791 Yf that thow Thorwe on water now a stoon,..hyt wol make anoon A litel roundell as a sercle. c1425Wyntoun Cron. i. ix. 533 As men may be a roundall se Merkit to be delt in thre. c1440Promp. Parv. 438/1 Rowndel, rotundale. 1529More Dyaloge i. Wks. 121/1 Those nygromancers..that put theyr confydence in the roundell and cercle on the grounde. 1561Eden tr. Cortes' Art Navig. i. xx. 22 The Epicicle, is a circle or little roundel. 1634Wither Embl. 157 These roundells helpe to shew the mystery Of that immense and blest Eternitie. 1875Parish Dict. Sussex Dial., Roundel, a circle; anything round. 1876F. K. Robinson Whitby Gloss. s.v., ‘A witches roundel,’ that within which she performs her rites.
b. Something forming a circle or ring; a number of things or persons disposed or grouped in a circle. Now rare.
1486Bk. St. Albans E vij b, All theys oder, crokes and Roundulis bene. Ibid., The crokes and the Roundellis of the Nombles of þe dere. 1532More Confut. Tindale Wks. 707/2 A mainy of leud mocking knaues, which..woulde gette them into a roundell turnynge theym backe to backe. 1598Hakluyt Voy. I. 95 The roofe whereof consisteth..of wickers meeting aboue in one little roundell, out of which roundell ascendeth vpward a necke like vnto a chimney. 1613W. Browne Brit. Past. i. iii. 55 It was a Roundell seated on a plaine,—Enuiron'd round with Trees. 1657W. Coles Adam in Eden l, The white Flowers grow in spoaky roundels. 1713J. Warder True Amazons 49 Cut a notch in your Straw-hive, not through the Roundal as before, but somewhat less. 1893Kipling Many Invent. 133 B Company..gathered itself into a thing like a decayed aloe-clump..; and in that clump, roundel, or mob, it stayed.
†c. The outer circuit or rim of anything. Obs.
1534More Treat. Passion Wks. 1347/2 Into all the worlde is gone out the sowne of them, and into the endes of the roundel of the earth the wordes of them. 1633Bp. Hall Hard Texts 430 As for the outmost roundells of those wheels they were of a vast and dreadful height.
†d. A round hole or hollow. Obs.
1578Banister Hist. Man i. 8 [The] Suture..creeping..through the middest of y⊇ eyes roundell. Ibid. 12. 1614 B. Jonson Barth. Fair iv. vi, Come put in his legge in the middle roundell, and let him hole there.
2.
†a. Sc. A small round table. Obs.
c1500Priests of Peblis 23 Befoir them was sone set a roundel bricht, And with ane clene claith finelie dicht, It was ouir-set. Ibid. 579 Ane Roundel with ane cleine claith. 1548Extr. Rec. Edinb. (1871) 136 Ane buyrd and form, stule and rowndale, xlviii s.
†b. A round mat for vessels to stand on. Obs.
1548Elyot, Orbis, a roundell to sette dysshes one for soylynge of the table clothe. 1725Fam. Dict. s.v. Distillation, D.I. is a Glass or earthern Vessel nam'd the Recipient; they place it upon a Roundel of Straw, that it may have the firmer Footing.
c. A circular wooden trencher. Now only Hist.
1797Gentl. Mag. LXVII. i. 281/1 The circular beechen plates, called roundels. 1827Ibid. XCVII. ii. 592 They are called roundels, are always twelve in a full set, and are made of beech-wood. 1851Archaeologia XXXIV. 225 Account of some ‘Roundells’ or Fruit Trenchers of the Time of James I. 1971R. Howe Mrs. Groundes-Peace's Old Cookery Notebk. 56 Wooden trenchers were also known as treen roundels.
3. a. A small round shield. Now Hist.
1538Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scot. VII. 13 Gevin for four roundellis to speris, vj cronis. 1562J. Shute tr. Cambini's Turk. Wars 17 The Turkes covered their heades with roundels and targes. 1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. iv. v. 116 [They] are armed with..bucklers, roundels and targets of steele. 1846Fairholt Costume in Eng. 592 Roundel, the small circular shield of the fourteenth century.
b. (See quots.)
1846Fairholt Costume in Eng. 163 He has roundels at the bend of the arm, and upon the shoulders, which are sometimes chased and ornamented. 1879J. R. Planché Cycl. Costume 128 The plate-gorget, and circular gussets of plate to which English antiquarians have given the names of palettes and roundels, protect the arm-pits.
†c. Anglo-Indian. An umbrella; a sunshade.
Recorded earlier as rondell (1676), rundell (1680): see Yule & Burnell (1886) 850/2.
1716in J. T. Wheeler Madras in Old. Time (1861) II. 230 Cooks, water bearers, coolies, Palankeen boys, roundel men. 1773Ives Voy. 21 To hire a Roundel-boy, whose business is to walk by his master, and defend him with his Roundel or Umbrella from the heat of the sun.
4. a. A small circular object; a little disc or rounded piece.
1542Udall Erasm. Apoph. 29 A maiden..did with woondreous sleight..cast vp and receiue again one after another, twelf trendles or rowndelles. 1545T. Raynalde Byrth Mankynde ii. x. (1634) 150 Temper the whole masse into little roundels or trochisks, each waying a dram. 1649Bp. Hall Cases Consc. 176 The first verses of that divine Gospell are singled out, printed, in a small roundell, and sold to the credulous ignorants. 1725Fam. Dict. s.v. Scorzonera, The Flower..when it fades, leaves a Cottonny Roundel behind where the Seed is. 1812Sir J. Sinclair Syst. Husb. Scot. ii. App. 46 The right hand or lesser handle, attached to the larger one by the iron rod F, and the wooden roundels G, H. 1863Wynter Subtle Brains 15 Again rummaging, I come upon roundels formed from the bottoms of earthen⁓ware vessels. 1883Athenæum 5 May 572/3 The prehistoric practice of trepanning the skull might have been performed..by removing a roundel.
b. spec. A perforated iron disc placed between the stock and cheeks of a gun.
1875Knight Dict. Mech. 1994/1.
5.
†a. An ornamental circle sewn or embroidered on a garment. Obs.
1546Inv. Ch. Goods (Surtees) 139 Three albes with parrettes of blak satten with roundelles. 1577Harrison England ii. v. (1877) 124 Those [mantles] of the chanons are of Murreie with a roundell of the arms of S. George. 1609Dekker Rauens Alm. Wks. (Grosart) IV. 180 Do not those Roundels hang about him, shew like so many pardons, tyed to the partes of his body with Labels?
b. Her. = roundle 1 b.
1562Legh Armory 149 Whether are Roundells of all suche coloures, as ye haue spoken of here before? or shall they be named Roundelles of those coloures? 1655M. Carter Honor Rediv. (1660) 165 If these roundals are charged in counter-changes as before, then they are only called Roundals. 1880Encycl. Brit. XI. 697/2 The Roundel, if of metal, is a simple disk.
c. A decorative panel, plate, medallion, etc., of a round form.
1859Gullick & Timbs Paint. 307 [The altar piece] has also gables and medallions or roundels. 1875Fortnum Maiolica iii. 26 Each roundel is a massive disc of terra⁓cotta, of a single piece. 1891Proc. Soc. Antiq. Jan. 223 A copper roundel, once gilt, with a shield of the arms of England.
d. A circle of painted glass; a small round pane or window.
1865Athenæum No. 1974. 285/1 The allegorical figures in the roundels. 1885[see bullion3 2]. 1886Pall Mall G. 31 Aug. 4/2 Occasionally white roundels, or bottle ends on a ground of blue or green. 1898W. Gandy Romance of Glass-Making ix. 145 Now and then one comes across an old window—generally a cellar window—where the panes have been filled with bull's-eyes, ‘roundels’, or the waste centres left from the discs of crown glass after cutting. 1908A. L. Duthie Decorative Glass Processes i. 28 Circular in form..are roundels, which have always been largely used in leaded lights and are characteristic of German and Italian windows. They are made in an infinite variety of colour and size. 1933R. Mollet Leaded Glass Work ii. 13 Bullions are very popular... The smaller sizes (2 or 3 in. in diameter) are sometimes called ‘roundels’.
e. An identification disc painted on an aeroplane; spec. that of the Royal Air Force and Royal Naval Air Command, comprising a design of concentric red, white, and blue circles.
1948Daily Tel. 5 July 1/1 The R.A.F. plane—I could see the roundel—was spiralling down without a tail. 1963J. Lusby in B. James Austral. Short Stories 225 Wingtip clear of the next man's, able to move forward or back and level with his roundel. 1975T. Allbeury Palomino Blonde xxiii. 142 A helicopter came..across the bay. The RAF roundels looked fresh and clean.
6.
†a. A sphere or globe. Obs. (Cf. roundle 2.)
c1590in Nichols Progr. Q. Eliz. (1823) III. 53 A general resemblance of the Roundel to God, the World and the Queene. Ibid., The Roundell hath no bonch or angle Which may his course stay or entangle. 1591Sylvester Du Bartas i. iv. 328 More or less their roundels wider are, As from the Center they be neer or far. 1601Holland Pliny I. 188 Anacharsis the Scythian..inuented the cast of turning the roundell or globe.
b. A ball or bead-moulding.
1535Coverdale 2 Chron. iv. 12 The two pilers with the roundels and knoppes aboue vpon both the pilers. 1609Bible (Douay) 1 Kings vi. 18 Al the house was covered within with ceder, having roundels. 1850Parker Gloss. Arch. (ed. 5), Roundel, the bead or astragal moulding.
†c. The ball of the elbow- or the knee-joint.
1541Copland Guydon's Quest. Chirurg. G ij b, In suche maner that the sayde roundelles entre in to the holownesse of the sockettes. 1643J. Steer tr. Exp. Chyrurg. xv. 60 It is necessary that part which belongeth to the rowndell of the knee be made hollow.
†7. A cylinder (of wood); a rung of a ladder. Obs. (Cf. roundle 3.)
1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. iv. xxxiii. 156 Solon..made them to be written in boords or roundelles of wood (which roundels, according to Aristotle, were called Cyrbes). 1589Nashe Martin Marprelate Wks. (Grosart) I. 156 These men must needs (and so doo) dislike of all degrees; worthie themselues to proceede by no degrees, but roundels.
8. a. Sc. A round turret.
1738De Foe's Tour Grt. Brit. III. 248 [The castle of Drumlanrig] is Four-square, with Roundels in the inner Angles of the Court. 1821Scott Pirate xxx, The window of the west roundel of the auld house.
b. Fortification. A circular bastion.
1853Stocqueler Mil. Encycl. 237/1.
II.
9. A rondeau or rondel.
c1385Chaucer L.G.W. Prol. 423 Manye an ympne..That hightyn baladis, roundelys, & vyrelayes. c1386― Knt.'s T. 1529 Whan that Arcite had..songen al the roundel lustily. c1407Hoccleve Min. Poems 60 This rowndel shul we synge. 1483Caxton G. de la Tour a j, I made songes, layes, Roundels, balades..in the mooste best wyse I cowde. 1513Douglas æneis viii. Prol. 67 The railȝear..ratlis furth ranis,..baith roundalis and ryme. 1530Palsgr. 264/1 Roundell, rondeau. 1644Milton Areop. (Arb.) 37 A higher straine then their owne souldierly ballats and roundels could reach to. 17..Ramsay Richy & Sandy 26 A summer day I never thought it lang, To hear him make a roundel or a sang. 1835Lytton Rienzi ii. i, I think one troubadour roundel worth all that Petrarch ever wrote. 1868Morris Earthly Par. (1870) I. i. 209 He rode, scarce touched by care.., Humming a roundel with a smile. 1883Swinburne (title), A Century of Roundels.
transf.1582Stanyhurst æneis iv. (Arb.) 111 The skrich howle..Her burial roundel..cruncketh in howling.
10. A round dance. Cf. roundelay 3.
1590Shakes. Mids. N. ii. ii. 1 Come, now a Roundell, and a Fairy song. 1825Encycl. Metrop. (1845) XVII. 548/2 The Roundel or Country Dance seems to be purely English. 1863Cowden Clarke Shaks. Char. iv. 103 Rousing the mole-cricket with their midnight roundels upon the pearly grass. |