| 释义 |
▪ I. bayonet, n.|ˈbeɪənɛt|
Also 7 baggonet, 7–8 bagonet, 8 bagnet. all still in vulgar use.
[a. F. baïonnette, in Cotgr. bayonnette, of uncertain origin. Diez, Littré, Scheler, favour the usual derivation from the name of the city Bayonne, the weapon being supposed to have been either first made or first used there; the former notion is strengthened by a statement of Des Accords (a 1583) that people spoke of bayonnettes de Bayonne ‘Bayonne bayonets,’ as of ‘Toulouse scissors,’ etc. But it is possible that the word may be a dim. of OF. bayon, baion ‘arrow or shaft of a cross-bow,’ from which Cotgr. still has bayonnier ‘an old word’ = arbalestier: the Sp. bayona sheath, and It. bajonetta ‘little joker’ (a possible appellation for a dagger), have also been suggested as the source.
(See Notes on the Origin and History of the Bayonet; by Mr. Akerman, read to the Soc. of Antiquaries, May 1860.)]
‖1. A short flat dagger. Obs.
[1611Cotgr., Bayonnette, a kind of small flat pocket-dagger, furnished with kniues; or a great knife to hang at the girdle, like a dagger.] 1692Lond. Gaz. No. 2742/2 Skeyns, Baggonets, and all other Arms. 1707Ibid. No. 4389/1 (Venice), That no persons..shall presume to wear the Bayonet, or Sword, on pain of being sent to the Gallies.
2. a. A stabbing instrument of steel, which may be fixed to the muzzle of a musket or rifle; originally its handle was inserted in the mouth of the gun, but it is now secured by a circular band clasping the barrel. See also sword-bayonet.
[1672Chas. II Warrant 2 Apr. in Carter Curiosities of War (1860) 239 The souldiers of the several troopes aforesaid are..also to have and to carry one bayonet or great knive.] 1704Lond. Gaz. No. 4044/3 Our Granadiers, after.. two or three Vollies..put their Bayonets in the Muzzles of their Pieces. a1774Fergusson Leith Races, Poems (1845) 32 On guns your bagnets thraw. 1817J. Scott Paris Revisit. 130 The soldier..was about to plunge his bayonet into the breast of the unfortunate Frenchman.
b. abstr. Military force.
1774Burke Amer. Tax. Wks. II. 373 You are obeyed soley from respect to the bayonet. 1879D. J. Hill Bryant 112 He visited Paris, then..under the rule of the bayonet.
3. pl. Soldiers armed with bayonets.
1780Burke Let. Merlott Wks. IX. 259 On the demand of 40,000 Irish bayonets. c1880Grant Hist. India I. li. 261/1 Colonel Pearse's column..returned..reduced from 5000 to 2000 bayonets.
4. transf. or fig.
a. generally.
1883G. Allen in Knowledge 8 June 337/1 In wild barley the entire inflorescence bristles..with stiff bayonets.
b. Mech. A pin which plays in and out of a hole, and serves to engage and disengage portions of machinery, a clutch.
1798in Specif. Patent No. 2228 (Sellars' Spin. Mach.). 1864in Webster.
5. Spanish Bayonet: A species of Yucca, a liliaceous plant, with a crown of linear-lanceolate leaves, found in the south of North America.
1865Parkman Huguenots vii. (1875) 109 Hacking their way through thickets of the Yucca, or Spanish bayonet. 1882W. Bishop in Harper's Mag. Dec. 47/1 In the door-yards are the Mexican aloe and the Spanish bayonet.
6. attrib., as in bayonet-belt, bayonet-charge, bayonet-sheath, bayonet-thrust, bayonet-wound; also bayonet cap, a cap on an electric light bulb for insertion in a bayonet socket; bayonet-capped a., fitted with a cap for fastening in a socket as a bayonet joint; bayonet catch, the spring catch by which a bayonet is secured to a rifle; bayonet-clutch, a clutch with two prongs for engaging and disengaging machinery; bayonet grass, a popular name for a New Zealand umbelliferous plant of the genus Aciphylla; bayonet-joint, one in which the two parts are so interlocked that they cannot be separated by a simple longitudinal movement; bayonet-socket, a socket with which a bayonet-capped fitting engages.
1812Wellington in Gurwood Disp. IX. 603 There are in the stores at Lisbon Bayonet belts for infantry.
1877Bryant Country's Call i, The rifle and the bayonet-blade For arms like yours were fitter now.
1914S. C. Batstone Electric Light Fitting vii. 136 In Fig. 142 the finished lamps are shown, No. 1 with what is known as the ‘bayonet cap’, B.C. 1943Electronic Engin. XVI. 247 The activated electrodes at either end are connected to a two-pin bayonet cap.
1904Daily Chron. 18 June 2/6 Bayonet-capped [electric] lamps.
1901‘Linesman’ Words Eyewitness (1902) 317 They have struck as true and hard as any, right up to the bayonet-catch.
1868W. L. Lindsay Contrib. N.Z. Bot. xii. 49 Aciphylla..The larger species are familiar to the settler as ‘Spear-grass’, or ‘Bayonette-grass’..in allusion to their very rigid, strong, poniard-like, sharp-pointed leaves. 1899T. Kirk Students' Flora N.Z. 207 Bayonet-grass. 1946Jrnl. Polynesian Soc. LV. 158 Taramea..spear-grass, bayonet-grass, spaniard: a hill and mountain plant from whose spiny blades the Maori by heat and torsion extracted a valued scent.
1870Eng. Mech. 4 Feb. 501/3 A lens, which is adapted to the apparatus by a bayonet-joint.
1817J. Scott Paris Revisit. 215 Bayonet sheaths, bits of caps, and the rags of clothes, covered the ground.
1892F. C. Allsop Pract. Electric-Light Fitting vi. 75 The..lamp..is used with the bayonet socket holders, which is certainly the most convenient and efficient method of making connection between lamp and conducting wires. 1955Times 13 July 4/1 The rod..was then removed by a turn of a bayonet socket.
▪ II. bayonet, v.|ˈbeɪənɛt|
[f. prec. n.]
1. trans. To stab or pierce with a bayonet.
c1700Gentl. Instruc. 535 (D.), I came not into the world to be cannonaded or bagonetted out of it. 1858Beveridge Hist. Ind. III. vii. iii. 85 The Arabs within were bayoneted.
2. To drive at the point of the bayonet; to coerce or compel as by military force.
1790Burke Fr. Rev. 325 You send troops to sabre and to bayonet us into a submission. 1863Commonwealth (Boston) 18 Feb. 65 It has been bayoneted up to it by the pressure of outside public opinion. |