| 释义 |
psycho-|ˈpsaɪkəʊ-, ˈsaɪkəʊ-|
before a vowel regularly psych-, repr. Gr. ψῡχο-, ψῡχ-, combining form of ψῡχή breath, life, soul. In modern use, since the 17th c., taken as a formative in the sense of ‘mind’, ‘psychic organism’, ‘mental’, ‘psychical’, mainly in scientific compounds, for the more important of which see their alphabetical places. The following are chiefly 19th or 20th century formations. (The second element is properly from Greek, but in some cases from Latin.)
psychæsthetic, var. psycho-æsthetic below; psyˈchalgia [Gr. ἄλγος pain] (see quot.); † psyˈchandric a. [irreg. f. Gr. ἀνηρ, ἀνδρ- man], ? pertaining to the mind of man; psychasˈthenia [ad. F. psychasthénie (P. M. F. Janet 1893, in Rev. gén. des Sci. pures et appliquées IV. 176); cf. asthenia] (see quot. 1908); hence psychasˈthenic a., pertaining to or affected with psychasthenia; also as n., a person with psychasthenia; psychoˈactive a. = psychotropic a.; hence psychoacˈtivity; psycho-æsˈthetics, the study of the psychological aspects of æsthetic perception; hence psycho-æsˈthetic (also psychæsthetic) a.; psycho-ˈauditory a., connected with the mental perception of sound (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1895); ˈpsychobabble colloq. (orig. U.S.), jargon that is much influenced by the concepts and terminology of psychology and is used esp. by laymen in referring to their own personality or relationships; hence ˈpsychobabbler, one who uses such jargon; ˈpsychoblast [-blast], the germ from which the psychic organism is (hypothetically) developed; psychoˈcentral a., having its centre in the mind; psychoˈcentric a. Psychol., treating the psyche or mind, rather than the body, as the important factor in human behaviour; psychoˈchemical a., pertaining to the relationship between chemicals and the mind, esp. the way the former can be used to modify the latter; also (of a chemical), psychotropic; also as n., a psychotropic chemical; psychoˈchemistry, the chemistry of the mind; psychoˈcoma [coma1], mental stupor; psychoˈcultural a., relating to the interaction of the culture in which individuals live and their psychological characteristics; psychoˈcurative a., of or pertaining to the healing of mental or psychological disorders; ˌpsychodiagˈnosis, -diagˈnostics Psychol. [after Ger. (H. Rorschach Psychodiagnostik (1921))], the investigation of a subject's personality, esp. by means of Rorschach and other projective tests; hence ˌpsychodiagˈnostic a.; psychoˈdometer [cf. odometer], an instrument proposed for measuring the duration of mental processes; psychodysˈleptic [Gr. δύσληπτος hard to take hold of] = psychotomimetic n.; psychoˈendocrine a., relating to or involving both the endocrine glands and mood and behaviour; ˌpsychoendocriˈnology, the branch of science concerned with the relationship between the secretions of the endocrine glands and a person's mood and behaviour; hence ˌpsychoendocrinoˈlogic a., -endocrinoˈlogically adv., -endocriˈnologist; psycho-ˈethical a., of or pertaining to inborn moral ideas; psychoˈfugal a. [after centrifugal], tending away from the mind; psychogeˈography, that branch of psychological speculation or investigation which is concerned with the effects on the psyche of the geographical environment; so psychogeoˈgraphic, -ical adjs.; psychogeusic |-ˈgjuːsɪk| a. [Gr. γεῦσις taste], relating to mental perception of taste; psychognosy |-ˈɒgnəsɪ|, also in mod.L. form psychognosis |-əʊgˈnəʊsɪs|, (a) the investigation or knowledge of mental phenomena; (b) thought-reading; psycho-ˈhylism [hylism], the belief that the soul is material; so psycho-ˈhylist, one who holds this belief; psyˈcholatry, excessive reverence for the soul; worship of departed spirits; ˈpsycholepsy [Gr. λῆψις seizing], ‘possession’, ecstasy; so psychoˈleptic a., (a) characterized by psycholepsy; (b) characterized by a sudden fall in psychic tension; (c) (of a drug) sedative; psycholytic |-ˈlɪtɪk| a. [-lytic], applied to a drug such as LSD which can disturb or disrupt certain emotional reactions that have become fixed in the unconscious or can block normal channels of response; chiefly in psycholytic therapy, therapy that combines controlled use of low dosages of such drugs with psychotherapeutic instruction for the patient and subsequent discussion; psychomiˈmetic a. and n. = psychotomimetic a. and n.; psychoˈmonism [monism] (see quot.); psychomoˈtility Psychol., physical movement which reflects or is evidence of mental activity; psychoˈneural, of or pertaining to the relationship or interaction between the mind and the nervous system; ˌpsychoneuroˈendocrine, -ˌneuroˌendocrinoˈlogic, -ˈlogical adjs., of or pertaining to the joint or mutual action of the nervous system, the endocrine system, and behaviour; so ˌpsychoˌneuroendocriˈnology, the branch of science concerned with this; psychoneuˈrology, the division of neurology which deals with psychology (cf. neuropsychology); hence ˌpsychoneuroˈlogical a.; psyˈchonomy [see -nomy], the branch of psychology dealing with the laws of mental action; psychonoˈsology [nosology], the branch of medical science which treats of mental disease (Dunglison Med. Lex. 1853); psycho-ˈoptic a., relating to the mental perception of sight (Syd. Soc. Lex.); so psycho-ˈoptical a.; psycho-ˈosmic [Gr. ὀσµή smell], pertaining to mental perception of smell (Billings Med. D. 1890); psychoˈparesis [paresis], mental debility; psyˈchopetal a. [after centripetal], tending towards the mind; ˌpsycho-pharmaˈceutical a. and n., (a drug) that is psychotropic; ˈpsycho-philosophy, philosophical reasoning based on subjective criteria, or on subjective psychic criteria; hence ˈpsycho-philosopher; psyˈchophony [Gr. ϕωνή voice]: see quot.; ˌpsychoˌphysicotheraˈpeutics nonce-wd., remedial treatment of mind and body; psycho-poˈlitical a., characterized by the interaction of politics or political events and behaviour; so psycho-ˈpolitics; psycho-ˈprismatism [cf. prismatic a. 2] (see quot.); psyˈchoptic a., producing vision of the mind or soul; psychoˈpyrism [Gr. πῦρ fire], the belief that fire is the substance of the soul; so psychoˈpyrist, one holding this belief; psycho-ˈreflex a., of or pertaining to ‘reflex’ action of the mind; psyˈchorrhagy, ‖ psychoˈrrhagia [Gr. ῥαγή breaking, rupture], detachment of the soul or psychic element; hence psychoˈrrhagic a.; ˈpsychorrhythm, an alternating or rhythmic psychic condition (Syd. Soc. Lex.); psychoˈsarcous a. [Gr. σάρξ, σαρκ- flesh], having a spiritual body; ˈpsychoscope, a means or instrument for inspecting the mind or soul; psycho-senˈsorial a., of or pertaining to percepts not produced by any real action on the senses; so psycho-ˈsensory a. (Billings 1890), pertaining to the conscious perception of sensory impulses; psycho-socioˈlogical a., pertaining to sociology as connected with psychology; so psycho-sociˈologist, -sociˈology; psyˈchosophy, the philosophy or metaphysics of mind (Cent. Dict.); so psyˈchosophist; ˈpsychosphere, the sphere or realm of consciousness; cf. noosphere; psychoˈstimulant n. and a., (a drug that is) antidepressant; ˈpsychosyndrome, a syndrome in which the symptoms are psychological; psycho-ˈsynthesis, the integration of disjoint elements of the psyche or personality by means of psychoanalysis; hence (nonce-wds.) psycho-ˈsynthesist, one who practises or advocates this; psycho-synˈthetic a.; psychoˈtheism [Gr. θεός God], the doctrine of the absolute spirituality of God; psycho-ˈvisual a., pertaining to psychological factors associated with vision, such as the emotive connotations of particular colours, and to the centre in the brain associated with such processes; see also visuo-psychic s.v. visuo-; psycho-ˈvital a., pertaining to the mind as connected with life; psychoˈzoic a., of or belonging to the geological period of living creatures having souls or minds, i.e. the human period.
1890Billings Med. Dict., *Psychalgia, painful melancholy state of mind.
1716M. Davies Athen. Brit. III. Diss. Physick 21 The great *Psycandrick as well as Somandrick Secret of the Chymical Grand Elixir.
1900S. B. Collins tr. M. de Fleury's Medicine & Mind v. 206 *Psychasthenia..seemed to be modified..parallel with the oscillations of the blood pressure. 1906Contemp. Rev. Feb. 229 All the neuroses should be classified with neurasthenia under one generic title Psychasthenia. 1908E. Worcester Relig. & Med. (N.Y.) 115 Psychasthenia..a form of nervous weakness in which the psychical element is dominant. 1926[see extrovert n. (a.)]. 1968New Scientist 5 Sept. 500/1 Rupp suffered from a psychasthenia which led him to ascribe fictional properties to positrons.
1901C. R. Corson tr. Janet's Mental State of Hystericals vi. 520 It is very rare to meet a *psychasthenic patient who is, if we may so speak, a pure type of this affection. Ibid. 521 Abulia is a common characteristic with hystericals and psychasthenics. 1906W. James Let. 6 May (1920) II. 254 Pierre Janet discussed lately some cases of pathological impulsion or obsession in what he has called the ‘psychasthenic’ type of individual. 1908E. Worcester Relig. & Med. (N.Y.) 115 Psychasthenic patients find it difficult to come to a decision..and this inability troubles them. 1977A. Sheridan tr. J. Lacan's Écrits ii. 16 States as diverse as phantasmatic fear, anger, active sorrow, or psychasthenic fatigue.
1961Perspectives in Biol. & Med. IV. 428 Asynchrony [prevails] after application of analeptic and *psychoactive drugs. 1967New Scientist 19 Jan. 128/1 Glossy magazines and sombre journals of opinion alike have discovered an intense interest in psychoactive drugs, drugs which affect the way people behave and feel. 1974M. C. Gerald Pharmacol. xviii. 350 These medicines are most often tranquilizers, sedatives, and other psychoactive agents. 1975Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 19 Oct. 17/2 Advisers..avoided taking any position on the two most commonly used ‘psychoactive or mood-altering’ drugs—alcohol and tobacco. 1977Rolling Stone 30 June 123/2 (Advt.), Psychoactive mushrooms... Chart, illustrations—tests for chemicals—105 alkaloid mushrooms, 42 psilocybin.
1971McGraw-Hill Yearbk. Sci. & Technol. 357/2 These tribesmen, having discovered that the narcotic constituent of the mushroom is excreted with almost undiminished *psychoactivity, incorporated a ritual urine-drinking ceremony. 1973Nature 6 Apr. 367/3 These two amphetamine derivatives, which show profound psychoactivity in man.
1925W. J. H Sprott tr. Kretschmer's Physique & Character ii. xiv. 258 An indefinite number of individual temperamental shades emerge from the *psychæsthetic and diathetic proportions. 1943[see psychomotility below]. 1951Jrnl. Aesthetics X. 2 Our discussion will have to go in two directions: (1) What are the specific attributes of the art of the blind? (2) What psycho-aesthetic implications result from it for the world of the normal-sighted? 1973Screen Spring/Summer 65 While there is perhaps no ‘eternal and immutable essence’ of the cinema as opposed to the theatre.., there is at least a psycho-aesthetic conditioning of each art by the technical constraints which define and constitute them.
1909Encycl. Relig. & Ethics II. 448/2 *Psycho-æsthetics,..the application of psycho⁓physiology to the study of æsthetic states... Helmholtz in Germany, and Grant Allen in England, tried to determine the physiological concomitants of certain phenomena of the Beautiful. 1939Time & Tide 8 Apr. 454/1 Your temperament told from your taste in Old Masters. A stimulating essay in psycho-æsthetics.
1976National Observer (U.S.) 8 May 15/1 For the consumer who doesn't understand *psycho-babble, trying to sort out the various specialties can be downright mind-boggling: Gestalt, TA (Transactional Analysis), bio-energetics, sex therapy, behavior modification, [etc.]. 1977R. D. Rosen (title) Psychobabble. 1977Proc. R. Soc. Med. LXX. 806/1 This was yet another American death book, full of psychobabble and journalistic cuttings from every other American death book. 1980Times Lit. Suppl. 16 May 544/3 The book is written in colloquial American spliced with psychobabble, a language in which the highest commendation is to say of someone ‘She was a person.’
1977N.Y. Times Mag. 20 Nov. 124/4 The *psychobabblers not only outnumber the rest of us, but..they have The Force on their side. 1978Guardian Weekly 22 Jan. 19/1 She mocked the manners and morals and especially the ‘mindless prattle’ of the psychobabblers among whom she lives [in California].
1889Athenæum 5 Jan. 12/1 Instead of the association of mental atoms, we are coming to the idea of segmentation of a *psychoblast, if we may invent such a term.
1892Monist II. 293 In experimental psychology, psychopetal, psychofugal, and *psychocentral processes are distinguished.
1936J. O. Wisdom in Proc. Aristotelian Soc. XXXVI. 62, I shall try to establish my *psychocentric analysis of right. 1949Mind LVIII. 390 There is the traditional ‘psychocentric’ conception..: the dualistic conception, which regards the human being as a compound of two distinct but interacting entities, mind and body. 1956J. B. Rhine in A. Pryce-Jones New Outl. Mod. Knowl. 205 There have been psychocentric schools of psychology..but none of these psychocentric views has ever prevailed widely in academic psychology.
1958*Psychochemical [see psychotomimetic a.]. 1959New Scientist 20 Aug. 222 The Committee appears to have been particularly impressed by what the US Army's chemists told it about the so-called psychochemical weapons. Ibid., Whatever the intrinsic power of ‘psychochemicals’ may prove to be, the picture of a bloodless war painted by the Congressional committee is hard to believe. 1965B. Inglis Drugs, Doctors & Disease iii. 110 Nowhere has the evidence of the power of placebo effect been more striking than in the new market for psycho-chemicals: pep pills and tranquillisers. 1972G. Watson (title) Nutrition and your mind: the psychochemical response. 1973‘A. Hall’ Tango Briefing xiv. 176 Obviously psychochemicals but not related to mescaline or lysergic acid. 1977Rolling Stone 21 Apr. 46/4 The Soviet Union was hard at work in psychochemical research.
1900Amer. Jrnl. Psychol. XI. 600 The writer takes up..passive and then active sadness, morbid joy, their original mechanism, their psycho-physiology, *psycho-chemistry, [etc.]. 1931Chem. News 23 Jan. 51/1 Colloidal and physiological chemistry have advanced to the extent that we should now be able to envisage a Psychochemistry, or Chemical Psychology.
1883Clouston Clin. Lect. Mental Dis. i. 18, I can devise no better name than the usual one of Stupor... ‘*Psychocoma’ would express this condition.
1951M. A. Straus in Amer. Sociol. Rev. June 374 One is led to what Frank has called a ‘*psychocultural’ rather than a purely psychological explanation of the phenomena of bilingual inferiority. 1977Canada Jrnl. Linguistics 1976 XXI. 226 The wider implications of language as a psychocultural, evolutionary phenomenon.
1901A. C. Halphide Psychic & Psychism i. 21 There are many schools of *Psycho-curative systems, all of which might be classified under the title Mental Medicine. 1953Cape Times 14 Feb. 5/2 The doctors believe that the installation of a pigeon loft at the hospital may have a psycho-curative effect.
1940Proc. R. Soc. Med. XXXIII. 173 (heading) Myokinetic *psychodiagnosis: a new technique of exploring the conative trends of personality. 1969J. E. Exner Rorschach Systems i. 5 Rorschach might well be appalled were he to perceive how the technique is utilized in contemporary psychodiagnosis.
[1930Amer. Jrnl. Psychiatry X. 50 The Rorschach ‘Psychodiagnostik’ test, consisting of ten symmetrical ink-blots.] 1937Amer. Jrnl. Orthopsychiatry VII. 320 With this paper we want to introduce a new concept in the theory and a new tool in the practice of Rorschach's *psychodiagnostic ink blot test. 1949S. Rosenzweig Psychodiagnosis i. 1 As a psychodiagnostic art clinical psychology derives historically from two chief sources—the psychometric and the psychodynamic.
1932Character & Personality I. 2 The proper aim of a quarterly for *psychodiagnostics and allied studies seems to us to be to establish an organic connection among the numerous specialized branches of psychology. 1960H. J. Eysenck Exper. Personality I. p. ix, Experiments in psychogenetics, psychopharmacology, psychodiagnostics [etc.],..all..form part of the programme of research. 1970Jrnl. Aesthetics XXIX. 105 (heading) The ink blot test, ‘psychodiagnostics’ and Hermann Rorschach's aesthetic views.
1890Cent. Dict., *Psychodometer. 1892D. H. Tuke Dict. Psychol. Med. II., *Psychodometer, an instrument for measuring the rapidity of psychic events.
1961Kalinowsky & Hoch Somatic Treatments in Psychiatry ii. 8 *Psychodysleptics or psychotomimetics. This refers to a group of drugs which can produce the so-called ‘model psychoses’ and which have characteristically hallucinogenic and mildly stimulant properties. 1967WHO Chron. XXI. 465/2 Three classes of psychotropic drugs are particularly dependence-producing: the anxiolytic sedatives, the psychodysleptics (hallucinogens), and the psychostimulants. 1974Nature 27 Sept. 314/1 Some psychodysleptics (mescaline sulphate and LSD), when injected during the photosensitive larval period, suppress diapause induction as if the larvae were subjected to a long 16-h photophase.
1946Psychosomatic Med. VIII. 176 (heading) *Psychoendocrine relationships in pseudocyesis. 1958M. Reiss Psychoendocrinol. i. 13 The psychoendocrine concept is based on the discovery that the activity of the pituitary is related to the function of the hypothalamus. 1977Proc. R. Soc. Med. LXX. 513/2 Psychoendocrine relationships in affective disorders.
1961Psychosomatic Med. XXIII. 449/1 (heading) *Psycho-endocrinologic studies in a male with cyclic changes in sexuality.
1958M. Reiss Psychoendocrinol. 27 No doubt people like Tamerlane..who had undescended testicles..have seemed brilliant just because they were *psychoendocrinologically not completely mature, and therefore more accessible to new impressions and situations.
Ibid. i. 20 The responsibility of the *psychoendocrinologist in such a case has become very grave indeed. 1975S. Arieti Amer. Handbk. Psychiatry IV. 554/2 Psychoendocrinologists have been mainly preoccupied with the basic psycho⁓physiological exploration of the significance of hormonal responses as reflections of intrapsychic processes.
1953M. Reiss in Internat. Rec. Med. CLXVI. 196 *Psychoendocrinology will become in psychiatric research a much more recognized branch than it is at present. 1975S. Arieti Amer. Handbk. Psychiatry IV. 555/1 By the late 1950s, then, it was generally recognized not only that psychoendocrinology rested on a solid experimental foundation, but that psychological stimuli were, in fact, among the most potent of all natural stimuli to the pituitary-adrenal cortical system.
1892*Psychofugal [see psycho-central above].
1953J. L. Moreno Who shall Survive? iii. 440 The *psychogeographic mapping of the community shows..the relationship of local geography to psychological processes. 1963Listener 14 Feb. 299/1 The kind of psychogeographic studies made by the Situationists are all very well in communicating a feeling about man/environment relationships.
1958Archit. Rev. CXXIV. 1/1 It shows ‘quartiers d'états d'âme’ and ‘gradients of *psychogeographical drift’—factors not generally taken into account by the average planning authority.
1953J. L. Moreno Who shall Survive? iii. 436 There is also in *psychogeography in respect to a certain criterion either a yes or a no, whatever the motivation of this yes or no may be. 1958Archit. Rev. CXXIV. 1/1 This microclimatology of the psyche is something to which every town-dweller can testify, and in a city like Paris..it is a more than personal affair—that document of psychogeography, André Breton's Nuit du Tournesol, which ought on the face of it to be an entirely private exercise in erotic topography, can be read with understanding, even by those who have never visited Paris. 1974Times Lit. Suppl. 14 June 630/2 The book promises to become a midwife's guide to the birth of a new discipline, which one expects will be inelegantly dubbed ‘psychogeography’, rather than ‘geopsychology’.
1890Billings Med. Dict., *Psychogeusic centre, supposed centre for perception of taste, in the gyrus uncinatus.
1891Daily News 16 Feb. 3/6 ‘*Psychognosis’ at the Royal Aquarium.—This is the title which M. Guibal has adopted for a new and certainly very remarkable development of..the thought-reading process.
1811–31*Psychognosy [see psychics 1].
1682H. More Annot. Glanvill's Lux. O. 194 There being nothing absurd in Psychopyrism but so far forth as it includes *Psycho-Hylism, and makes the soul material.
Ibid. 193 There is no more harshness in calling him Psychopyrist, than if he had called him *Psycho-Hylist.
1868W. Cory Lett. & Jrnls. (1897) 229 There is that *psycholatry in it which is characteristic of the writer. 1878Max Müller Lect. Orig. & Growth Relig. ii. 116 Psycholatry. Lastly, great reverence is paid to the spirits of the departed.
1886H. Maudsley Nat. Causes & Supernat. Seemings 351 Theologian and philosopher alike exhibit the strained functions of a sort of *psycholepsy.
Ibid. 352 His success in such *psycholeptic sleights of thought. 1925E. & C. Paul tr. Janet's Psychol. Healing I. x. 558 Individuals in whom psychological tension is unstable, suffer from sudden relaxations of this tension, succumb to psycholeptic crises. 1940H. G. Baynes Mythol. of Soul xi. 882 We could then regard the whole drama as a psycholeptic crisis with its characteristic feeling-symptom of the end of the world. 1961Kalinowsky & Hoch Somatic Treatments in Psychiatry ii. 8 Delay has proposed the following classification of the new drugs based upon their predominant action. (A) Psycholeptics or Sedatives... (C) Psychodysleptics or psychotomimetics. 1971Zirkle & Kaiser in A. Burger Med. Chem. (ed. 3) II. lv. 1412/1 The antipsychotic agents were originally given such names as tranquilizers.., ataraxics.., psycholeptics, and psychosedatives.
1962D. D. Jackson in Jrnl. Nerv. & Mental Dis. CXXXV. 436/1 More accurately, perhaps, we should speak of *psycholytic drugs given by psychosogenic therapists. 1963R. A. Sandison in R. Crocket et al. Hallucinogenic Drugs 34 This total experience of the unconscious, brought about by the power of LSD to loosen the psyche, has led to a feeling that the hallucinogenic drugs should be renamed the psycholytic drugs. This name, which is free from the many objections attached to the word ‘hallucinogenic’ was first suggested and adopted at Göttingen last year. 1964D. F. Downing in M. Gordon Psychopharm. Agents I. xiii. 606 In this context they [sc. psychotomimetic agents] are frequently known as psycholytic drugs because of their power to loosen the psyche. 1974Arieti & Brody Amer. Handbk. Psychiatry (ed. 2) III. 425/1 Psycholytic therapy, this technique consists of a series of drug sessions in which small doses of LSD..are given to a number of patients in an outpatient setting. These sessions are associated with individual or group therapy.
1964M. McLuhan Understanding Media xxxi. 308 Our children are striving to carry over to the printed page the all-involving sensory mandate of the TV image. With perfect *psycho-mimetic skill, they carry out the commands of the TV image. 1967WHO Chron. XXI. 464/2 Psychodysleptics, also called ‘hallucinogens’, ‘psychomimetics’, or ‘psychodelics’, are compounds that produce abnormal mental phenomena, particularly in the cognitive and perceptual spheres. 1969Listener 28 Aug. 295/2 Grand Hotel, The Age of Innocence, Dr. Finlay's Casebook..all inextricably jumbled together into a deliriously psychomimetic paradise. 1974S. Arieti Amer. Handbk. Psychiatry (ed. 2) I. 67/2 Exaggerated expectations about the uncritical use of ‘psychomimetics’ (mainly LSD 25) in the treatment of mental disorders and especially about the power of some drugs to enlarge the field of consciousness and provide new philosophical and religious insights are unrealistic.
1904Contemp. Rev. Apr. 497 Their *psychomonism asserts..one thing only exists and that is my own mind.
1925W. J. H. Sprott tr. Kretschmer's Physique & Character ix. 134 The *psychomotility of the cycloid is even and adequate to the stimulus, and motor expressions and movements are well rounded, fluid, and natural. 1934E. B. Strauss tr. Kretschmer's Text-bk. Med. Psychol. iv. 43 In a mild degree traces of these Parkinsonian features often typify the psychomotility of advanced old age. 1943H. Read Educ. through Art iv. 79 Within the main cycloid and schizoid groups, there are a considerable number of psychaesthetic variants and a considerable degree of psychomotility. 1969H. E. King in Zubin & Shagass Neurobiol. Aspects of Psychopathol. vi. 99 (heading) Psychomotility: a dimension of behavior disorder.
1890W. James Princ. Psychol. II. xx. 164 Thus we should escape the responsibility of explaining, by falling back on the everlasting inscrutability of the *psycho-neural nexus. 1923J. S. Huxley Ess. Biologist iv. 134 The mind, or shall we say the psycho-neural organization. 1949[see hypnoanalysis]. 1969Word 1967 XXIII. 469 Nor can we yet identify all of the psychoneural factors which enter into the final stage of speech perception, ‘understanding’.
1954M. Reiss in Jrnl. Mental Sci. 701 The influence of the various treatments on a *psycho-neuro-endocrine cycle. 1972Science 9 June 1115/3 The relationships of such psychoneuroendocrine studies to the clinical observations on man are dealt with in papers by Abrams. 1954M. Reiss in Jrnl. Mental Sci. C. 687 Such efforts are unavoidable if progress is to be made in *psycho-neuro-endocrinologic problems. 1971― in D. H. Ford Influence of Hormones on Nervous System p. xix, Our association was named *Psychoneuro⁓endocrinological because it emphasizes not only the beginning but also the end of the most important patho⁓physiological vicious circle in the body. 1972Science 9 June 1115/2 A group of scientists..have organized an International Society of *Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1978Nature 14 Dec. p. xii. (Advt.), Psychoneuroendocrinology is an attempt to provide the essential interdisciplinary approach to research in human reproduction.
1921Edin. Rev. Jan. 61 In London the *Psycho-Neurological Society has been formed..for the study and discussion of problems in psychotherapy. 1928H. P. Weld Psychol. as Science viii. 156 (heading) Psychoneurological theories.
1865R. T. Stothard (title) *Psychoneurology: A Treatise on the Mental Faculties, as governed and developed by the Animal Nature. 1895in Syd. Soc. Lex. 1943Amer. Jrnl. Psychiatry C. 181/2 Apart from the therapeutic implications of the transsection of the anterior thalamic radiations, the method has important implications for experimentation in clinical neurology and in psychoneurology.
1803J. Stewart Opus Maximum Title-p., *Psyconomy: or, the science of the moral powers. 1841Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. II. 76 Psychonomy, or the laws of mind, comprising the study of Languages, Metaphysics, Jurisprudence and Religion. 1865R. Beamish (title) The Psychonomy of the Hand; or, the Hand an Index of Mental Development.
1885Landois & Stirling Text-bk. Human Physiol. II. xiii. 921 The *psycho-optic centre,..according to Munk, embraces the outer convex part of the occipital lobe of the dog's brain. 1937Arch. Neurol. & Psychiatry XXXVII. 1173 Both kinds of movement belong to the so-called psycho-optic reflexes because, being produced by visual stimuli, they are performed more or less instinctively. 1954S. Duke-Elder Parsons' Dis. Eye (ed. 12). xxvii. 462 The involuntary reflexes which depend on vision (fixation, fusional movements, convergence, etc.)—the psycho-optical reflexes—are centred in the visual cortex of the occipital lobe.
1883Clouston Clin. Lect. Mental Dis. i. 18 When the morbid condition is one of mental enfeeblement it is called Dementia or Amentia... It might be called *Psychoparesis.
1892*Psychopetal [see psychocentral above].
1964Dis. Nerv. System XXV. 233/2 The effects of discontinuing *psychopharmaceuticals in a large group of long-term schizophrenic patients. 1965New Scientist 18 Mar. 719/1 So far medical researchers have largely had to rely on a patient's behaviour pattern to assess the effects of the so-called psychopharmaceutical drugs—those which can be used nowadays with considerable effect against certain types of nervous disorders. 1969Sci. News 20 Dec. 581 One advantage of doxepin is its apparently low toxicity compared to other psycho⁓pharmaceuticals.
1966New Statesman 18 Feb. 243/2 (Advt.), ESP *Psycho-philosopher, having evolved new theory concerning influence on environment at a distance and through thought, seeks volunteers to co-operate in test.
1960IRE Trans. Electronic Computers IX. 524/1 The pragmatic philosophy of C. S. Peirce helped save much of philosophy from the sterilizing effect of *psycho⁓philosophy.
1876A. Blackwell Kardec's Medium's Bk. 447 *Psychophony, the communication of spirits by the voice of a speaking medium.
1922Joyce Ulysses 659 Heliotherapy, *psychophysicotherapeutics, osteopathic surgery.
1921Q. Rev. Oct. 397 The exaggeration..would..have made its dogmatic definition sooner or later inevitable, but Manning's championship of it assisted its appearance at the *psycho-political moment. 1934H. G. Wells Exper. Autobiogr. II. ix. 798 This psycho-political autobiography. 1948J. Towster Polit. Power in U.S.S.R. iv. 57 While the unification of nations is the goal ne plus ultra, there are enormous psycho-political obstacles in the way. 1971K. Millett Sexual Politics ii. iii. 73 The psycho⁓political tactic here is a pretence that the indolence and luxury of the upper-class woman's role..was the happy lot of all women.
1961Guardian 2 Nov. 8/2 Robert Jungk..wanted to do his thesis on what he called ‘*psychopolitics’, the interaction between mass psychology and mass psychology movements and politics. 1980Boston Globe 3 Feb. b1 Kantor claims that people's current patterns of interaction, or ‘psychopolitics’, are based on ‘critical identity images’.
1934H. Hiler Notes Technique Painting 332 *Psycho-prismatism, the affective psychology of colour. The study of the reactions of human beings or animals to the various colours.
1744‘J. Philander’ (title) The Golden Calf, the Idol Worship,..with Account of the *Psychoptic Looking Glass, lately invented by the author.
1682*Psychopyrism [see psycho-hylism].
1681H. More Answ. Lett. Psychopyrist To Rdr., in Glanvill's Sadducismus (ed. 2), The *Psychopyrists..make the Essence or Substance of all created Spirits to be Fire.
1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VII. 338 The doubtful relation of the optic thalamus to *psycho-reflex mimetic movements.
1903Myers Hum. Personality I. 263, I propose to use the Greek word ψυχορραγῶ..‘to let the soul break loose’, and from which I form the words *psychorrhagy and *psychorrhagic. Ibid. 270 A clairvoyant excursion (of a more serious type than the mere psychorrhagies already described). Ibid. II. 75 Those phantasms of the living which I have already classed as psychorrhagic.
1902W. M. Alexander Demonic Possession in N.T. i. 33 They [demons] are ‘half spirits’ and are therefore possessed of a semi-sensuous or *psycho-sarcous constitution.
1885Myers in Proc. Soc. Psych. Research May 61 Somnambulism, double-consciousness, epilepsy, insanity itself, are all of them natural *psychoscopes. 1886Gurney, etc. Phantasms of Living I. Introd. 71 The first attempts of his rude psychoscopes to give precision and actuality to thought will grope among ‘beggarly elements’.
Ibid. I. 463 If Baillarger did not carry his view of hallucinations to this length, the whole development exists by implication in the term by which he described them—*psycho-sensorial.
1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VII. 775 In those patients who experience such *psycho-sensory auræ there is a strong tendency to mental derangement. 1910W. A. Turner Three Lect. Epilepsy 25 He has described the psycho-motor, psycho-sensory, psycho-visual, and psycho-auditory centre in close relation to the motor, sensory, visual, and auditory centres. 1947H. C. Elliott Textbk. Nervous Syst. xix. 238/1 Caudal to its upper part [sc. that of the sensory cortex] lies..the psychosensory region. 1959S. Duke-Elder Parsons' Dis. Eye (ed. 13) iv. 38 The pupils participate in several reflexes, three of which are of clinical importance:.. 3. The psycho⁓sensory reflex, whereby a dilatation occurs on psychic and sensory stimuli.
1903W. J. Greenstreet tr. Duprat (title) Morals: A Treatise on the *Psycho-Sociological Bases of Ethics. 1928Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. Nov. 447 Knowing these [laws of suggestion], we could follow their lead into greater knowledge of phenomena of a psycho⁓sociological nature. 1970Touraine & Pécaut in I. L. Horowitz Masses in Lat. Amer. iii. 67 The resulting normative and psychosociological changes [in the social system] are analyzed..as a function of the change in values judged necessary to attain the industrialized state.
1966Punch 9 Mar. 332/3 Those big black career advertisements and their rich esoterica about openings for crystallographers, systems analysts and industrial *psycho-sociologists.
1908Science 10 July 54 *Psycho⁓sociology. 1957R. K. Merton Student-Physician 53 A middle ground which has been described as social psychology (or, by some, psycho-sociology). 1973Screen Spring/Summer 151 Various revelatory and therapeutic methods belonging to modern psycho-sociology.
1820L. Hunt Indicator No. 22 (1822) I. 176 A part of wisdom which our modern *psycho⁓sophists are so apt to forget.
1913J. Murray Ocean x. 228 We may say that within the biosphere a sphere of reason and intelligence has been evolved in man, who attempts to interpret and explain the cosmos; this may be called the *psycho-sphere. 1957P. B. Sears Ecology of Man 10 To these might be added Mind—the Psychosphere, studied by psychologists, anthropologists and other social scientists. 1975O. L. Reiser Cosmic Humanism & World Unity iii. 97 The Psychosphere may be regarded as a psychic-magnetic environment, an ‘auric field’, beyond the Van Allen Radiation Belt.
1961Musser & O'Neill Mod. Pharmacol. & Therapeutics (ed. 2) xix. 361 Prior to the development of these newer drugs, called *psycho-stimulants or psychic energizers, apathetic and depressed patients were treated with caffeine and the amphetamines. 1963Wall St. Jrnl. 21 Jan. 12/4 The three areas in which the largest number of new agents are being investigated were psycho-stimulants, broad spectrum antibiotics and cholesterol-reducing agents. 1966J. D. P. Graham Pharmacol. iv. 26/2 This drug [sc. dexamphetamine sulphate] is given to mentally depressed patients. It may therefore be termed a psychostimulant drug. 1967[see psychodysleptic above]. 1971T. A. Ban in O. Vinăr et al. Advances in Neuropsychopharmacol. 212 Conflict tolerance in humans may also increase under the influence of psychostimulants in general.
1973Proc. R. Soc. Med. LXVI. 359/2 Would-be psychiatrists are taught to describe, define and treat disembodied *psychosyndromes instead of learning to apply modern investigative science to finding causes. 1976Smythies & Corbett Psychiatry vii. 113 Non-specific endocrine psychosyndromes occur with apathy, depression and lability of mood.
1919C. E. Long in M. K. Bradby Psycho-Anal. p. vi, We aim at a reconstruction of life which can only be conceived as a *psycho-synthesis. 1924J. Riviere tr. Freud's Coll. Papers II. xxxiv. 395 The neurotic human being brings us his mind racked and rent by resistances; whilst we are working at analysis of it and removing the resistances, this mind of his begins to grow together; that great unity which we call his ego fuses into one all the instinctual trends which before had been split off and barred away from it. The psycho-synthesis is thus achieved during analytic treatment without our intervention. 1940H. G. Wells Babes in Darkling Wood 9 The mental break-down of Gemini..bring [sic] the methods of a leading psycho⁓analyst and modern psychosynthesis into the story. 1975M. & N. Samuels Seeing with Mind's Eye iii. 37 Currently, visualization is being used in a number of different psychotherapeutic techniques—including..directed day⁓dreams, Psychosynthesis, and behaviorist desensitization.
1944H. G. Wells '42 to '44 172 What a psycho-analyst calls the Unconscious, but which, according to the *psycho⁓synthesist, is merely a multitude of reaction systems out of contact with the main directive system.
1940― All Aboard for Ararat ii. 80 The core of the new world must be (listen to these words!) Atheist, Creative, *Psycho⁓synthetic.
1842Marg. Fuller in Mem. (1862) I. 246 It would seem to approach the faith of some of my friends here, which has been styled *Psychotheism.
1910*Psycho-visual [see psycho-sensory adj. above]. 1969G. C. Dickinson Maps & Air Photographs iv. 63 The conventional colour sequence, which follows spectrum order from violet through shades of blue, green, yellow and orange to red (or more commonly brown), accords well with the psycho-visual properties of colours—blues for submarine areas are ‘recessive’, reds for hills ‘stand out’—but there can be unfortunate suggestive overtones. 1971Nature 19 Mar. 180/1 It is hoped that a laboratory equipped for psychovisual studies will..report on the degree to which descriptions of ‘artificial’ ball lightning resemble those of the natural phenomenon that are recorded in the scientific literature.
1877Le Conte Elem. Geol. (1879) 269 The *Psychozoic era, or era of Mind. Ibid. 561 The Neolithic commences the Psychozoic era, or reign of man. |