| 释义 |
▪ I. rud, n.1 Now dial. and arch.|rʌd|
Forms: α. 1 rudu (obl. rude), 3, 6, 8–9 Sc. rude. β. 4–5 (9 dial.) rode, 4 rod. γ. 5–6 rudde, 5–7, 9 rud, 6–7, 9 rudd.
[OE. rudu fem., related by ablaut to OE. réod reod a. and réad red a. and n. The same grade of the stem is represented by ON. roði masc. (Norw. rode), redness.]
1. Red or ruddy colour; redness, ruddiness.
αc1000Apollonius of Tyre (1834) 22 Ða ᵹeseah se cyngc ðæt apollonius mid rosan rude wæs eal oferbræded. a1225Ancr. R. 330 Þe rude of monnes nebbe þet seið ariht his sunnen. a1250Owl & Night. 443 Þe rose also mid hire rude Þat cumeþ ut of þe þorne wode. 1513Douglas æneis xii. ii. 29 Lavinia..Hir moderis wordis felt deip in hir hert, So that the rude dyd hyr vissage glow.
βc1375Cursor M. 18841 (Fairf.), His visage sumdel wiþ rode was blende. 1390Gower Conf. III. 27 He seth hire rode upon the cheke. c1420St. Etheldred 843 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1881) 301 Hurre lures weron white as ony lely floure Ymeynde with rod.
γc1400Destr. Troy vii. 3048 Hir chekes [were] full choise;..As the rose, was the rud þat raiked hom in. 1430Lydg. Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 32 Farwele the rudde that was upon thi lippes. 1541R. Hyrde tr. Vives' Instr. Chr. Wom. i. ix. 23 b, The one counterfaiteth the rudde of precious stones in the lyppes, the other whitenesse of face and necke. 1565Stapleton tr. Bede's Hist. Ch. Eng. 13 The dye of crymson, whose rudd will be appalled nether with heate of sonne nether with wette of wether. 1898Meredith Poems I. 94 When mantles a tender rud In maids that of youths have sight.
2. Complexion (of those parts of the face which are naturally reddish or ruddy).
αc1000ælfric Gloss. in Wr.-Wülcker 156 Uultus, and wlita, uel rudu. 12..Prayer to Our Lady 20 in O.E. Misc. 193 Mi brune her is hwit bicume..and mi tohte rude iturnd al in-to oðre dehe. 15..Christ's Kirk 21 in Bann. MS. 283 As ony ross hir rude wes reid. 1836Wilson Tales of Borders IV. 34 Yon bloomin hizzy wi' the rose rude.
βa1310in Wright Lyric P. v. 26 Hire rode is ase rose that red is on rys. 1340–70Alisaunder 178 Rose red was hur rode, full riall of schape. c1386Chaucer Miller's T. 131 His rode was reed, hise eyen greye as goos. c1420Anturs of Arth. xiii, Reddere in rode þan rose in þe rayne.
γ14..26 Pol. Poems 145 My rudde was rede, my colour clere. c1460Towneley Myst. xxxi. 145 Youre rud that was so red, youre lyre the lylly lyke. 1519W. Horman Vulg. 169 They whyte theyr face..with cerusse: and theyr lyppis and ruddis with purpurisse. a1529Skelton Ballad Wks. 1843 I. 25 Your ruddys wyth ruddy rubys may compare. 1867L. Jewitt Derb. Ballads 23 That lady so fair and free With rudd as red as rose in May.
3. Chiefly dial. Ruddle; † a red cosmetic.
c1000ælfric Saints' Lives I. 404 Gezabel..ᵹehiwode hire eaᵹan and hire neb mid rude.
1651R. Child in Hartlib Legacy (1655) 73 Here is found..white and yellow Marle, Plaister, Oker, Rudd [etc.]. 1691Ray Coll. N.C. Words (ed. 2) 136 Rud, a sort of Blood⁓stone used in marking Sheep; from the red colour. 1788W. H. Marshall Prov. Yorksh., Rud, red ochre; used in giving a temporary mark to sheep. 1797Brydges Hom. Trav. II. 290 Jove..mix'd a shower of rain with rud, To make 'em think it rain'd sheer blood. 1854A. E. Baker Northampt. Gloss., Reddle,..called also rud and ruddle. 1895T. Ellwood Lakel. & Iceland 79 The smit marked upon the sheep with this Rud or Ruddle is generally the initial letter or letters of the owner's name.
Comb.a1794Marriage of Sir Gawaine lxv. in Percy Reliques, Sweet blushes stayn'd her rud-red cheeke. 1876G. M. Hopkins Poems (1967) 177 The blood-gush blade-gash Flame-rash rudred..and dingle-a-danglèd Dandy-hung dainty head.
▪ II. rud, n.2 Obs. exc. dial.
Forms: 5 rode(s, 6 ruddis, 6–7 ruddes, 7, 9 arch. ruds.
[Of obscure origin.]
The marigold (Calendula officinalis). Chiefly in pl. form. (Cf. rode-wort.)
14..Ms. Sloane 5, lf. 9 b/1 Oculus Christi, calendula, solsequium,..Seynte Marie rode. c1450Alphita (Anecd. Oxon.) 88 Kalendula, sponsa solis,..golduurt vel rodes. c1475Pict. Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 786 Hoc solsequium, a rode. 1526Grete Herball cxxxii. (1529) H v, Calendula is an herbe called ruddes. 1578Lyte Dodoens 163 They be now called..in English Marygoldes, and Ruddes. 1601Holland Pliny I. 20 Some take it [Heliotropium] for Ruds or Wert-wort: others for Turnsol, or the Marygold. 1647Hexham i. (Herbs), Ruddes, or Marigolds, Goudt-bloemen. 1863in Isle of Wight Gloss. (1881) 52 Among greens, small fruits, and ruds.
▪ III. rud, n.3 dial.
Also 6 rod, roid, rude, 8–9 rudd.
[Obscurely related to redd n.2, rid n.2, roud n.]
1. The spawn of frogs or toads. Usu. in combs. paddock-rud, toad-rud.
1508Kennedie Flyting w. Dunbar 342 Thou come..till a pule, and drank the paddock rod [v.r. rude, roid]. 1803R. Anderson Cumbld. Ball. (1805) 82 Auld Grizzy the witch..Meks paddoc-rud ointment for sair een. 1850Bamford Dial. S. Lancs. 215 Twod-rudd, the spawn of toads. 1887Cheshire Gloss., Rud,..spawn of toads or frogs.
2. The act of spawning.
Cf. rodding vbl. n., rood v., roud v.
1794W. Hutchinson Hist. Cumb. I. 459 They [sc. salmon] will take a bait of roe, or small fish, while upon the rudd, or laying their spawn.
▪ IV. rud, n.4 rare.
[var. of read n.1: cf. roddikin.]
(See quot.)
1847W. C. L. Martin Ox 2/1 The rud, or abomasum, which is the true digestive stomach... The huge paunch, for instance, is, at this early period, far less capacious than the fourth stomach, or rud.
▪ V. rud, v.1 Obs. exc. dial.
Also 8 rudd; pa. pple. 3 irud(d)ed, 4 roded.
[Related to rud n.1 and ruddy a. In sense 2 from rud n.1 3.]
†1. trans. To make red or ruddy. Obs.
a1225Ancr. R. 50 Þeo þet beoð, uor Godes luue, mid hore blodshedunge irudded & ireaded, ase þe martirs weren. Ibid. 332 Þe soule þet was bloc, & nefde bute dead heou, haueð ikeiht cwic heou, & is iruded feire. a1400Langland's P. Pl. C. xvi. 108 (Laud MS.), As rody as a rose roded were hus chekes.
1595Spenser Epithal. 173 Her cheekes lyke apples which the sun hath rudded. 1609Heywood Brit. Troy iii. lvi, Many an anticke flake With rich Inamell azure green and Rudded. a1700in Child Ballads IV. 28/1 It's little matter what they do now, My life-blood rudds the heather brown.
2. dial. To colour or mark with ruddle.
1680in Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 156 note, Put to the fell and rudded 55 weathers. 1876–in dial. glossaries.
▪ VI. † rud, v.2 Obs.
Forms: 3–5 rodden, 4–5 rudden (5 ruddon).
[Of obscure origin.]
trans. To rub.
Halliwell gives ‘Rud, to rub, to polish. Devon’, but there appears to be no confirmation of this.
c1290St. Goerge 41 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 295 Sethþe with a clout of here [they] roddeden þe woundes faste... Þo men selten so is quike flesch and roddeden so with here! c1305St. Edmund 172 in E.E.P. 75 Fet & honde..He ruddede [Laud MS. roddede] a niȝt wiþ his here. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. xvi. 108 Thus sone þis doctour, As rody as a rose roddede [v.r. ruddede] hus chekes, Kowede and carpede. c1440Promp. Parv. 438/2 Ruddon, idem quod rubbyn. 1495Trevisa's De P.R. xvii. xcvii, Flexe is..rodded [Bodl. MS. irudded] and gnodded, ribbyd and herkelyd, and at the laste sponne.
▪ VII. rud
obs. form of rudd1, rude. |