| 释义 |
rudeness|ˈruːdnɪs|
Forms: 4–7 rudenesse, 5–7 -nes, 6– rudeness; 5 rudines, rewd-, rudnesse, 6 rud-, Sc. ruidnes.
[f. rude a. + -ness.]
†1. Lack of knowledge or education; want of learning; ignorance. Obs.
c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 291 Vnderstond, ȝe kyngis; and schaak of ȝou rudenesse, ȝe þat jugen londis. 14..in Tundale's Vis. (1843) 90 My wyttis be so dull with rudeness, And in the cheynes of ignoraunce gyved. 1447O. Bokenham Lyvys of Seyntys (Roxb.) 43 Nor of ye sugird welle In elicona my rudeness to leche I nevere dede taste. 1535Coverdale Bible Prol., Though it [Scripture] be not worthely ministred vnto the in this translacyon (by reason of my rudnes). 1551Robinson tr. More's Utopia Ep. Transl., Through my rudenes and ignoraunce in our english tonge. a1626Bp. Andrewes 96 Serm. (1661) 414 Whom they should have received, Him they had not heard of. This was a great rudeness. 1662H. More Philos. Writ. Pref. Gen. (1712) 11 It is a piece of Rudeness and Unskilfulness in the nature of things to conceit that [etc.].
2. Want of culture or refinement; roughness of life or habits; uncouthness.
c1386Chaucer Clerk's T. 397 It ne semyde not by liklynesse That sche was born and fed in rudenesse, As in a cote or in an oxe-stalle. c1430Lydg. Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 218 A cherl of nature wil brayde on rewdnesse. 1500–20Dunbar Poems lxx. 18 We ar so beistlie, dull, and ignorant, Our rudnes may nocht lichtlie be correctit. 1579E. K. Ded. Spenser's Sheph. Cal. ⁋1, Thinking them fittest for such rusticall rudenesse of shepheards. 1630R. Johnson's Kingd. & Commw. 534 So unspeakable is the rudenesse of either, that through all their Cities you shall not finde a Schoole to instruct their youth. 1673Ray Journ. Low C. 119 The Negligence and Rudeness of the People who mind nothing that is Curious. 1741Middleton Cicero II. viii. 236 That state of rudeness and barbarism. 1774Warton Hist. Eng. Poetry I. Pref. p. i, We are pleased to mark the steps by which we have been raised from rudeness to elegance. 1807G. Chalmers Caledonia I. iii. x. 458 Those similarities, which the same state of rudeness, or civility, will ever produce. 1888Bryce Amer. Commw. (1890) III. 290 The rudeness of the times, in which physical force counted for so much.
†b. Absence of virtue or goodness. Obs.
1451J. Capgrave Life St. Gilbert (E.E.T.S.) 74 Þorw his wordis and his dedes þe rudenesse of many a soule was reformed. a1513Fabyan Chron. i. xxii. (1811) 17 This also is vnmynded of wryters outher for restfulnesse of tyme, or ellys for rudenesse of his dedes. 1538Bale God's Promises 11, I knowe thy mercye is farre above hys rudenesse.
3. Roughness, harshness, or violence in action or in the treatment of others.
a1450Knt. de la Tour (1868) 24 A woman may..make hym do welle, withe fairnesse rather thanne with rudenesse. 1606Shakes. Tr. & Cr. i. iii. 207 The Ramme that batters downe the wall, For the great swing and rudenesse of his poize, They place before his hand that made the Engine. 1638R. Baker tr. Balzac's Lett. (vol. II) 40 There are even beastes of so generous a disposition, that it would be rudenesse to carry a hard hand over them. 1682Norris Hierocles 70 Not to doe it with violence and rudeness, but to follow the truth with mildness. 1704Pennsylv. Hist. Soc. Mem. IX. 318 A difference arose, that ended with some rudeness.
†b. Austerity, severity, rigour, violence. Obs.
1649Jer. Taylor Gt. Exemp. i. Disc. iv. 120 John the Baptist..did violence to himself,..the rudenesses of Camels hair and the lowest nutriment of Flyes, were instances of that violence. 1664Evelyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 224 The not observing of this, destroys more Plants than all the rudenesses of the season. 1665Boyle Occas. Refl. (1848) 59 The Gardener do's..secure the Tree from being blown down, or torn, by the rudeness of boisterous Winds.
c. A rough or violent act. rare.
1691–2Wood Life 14 Jan., Many rudenesses and rogueries committed by them. 1790G. Walker Serm. II. 99 Many an impotent encounter with the rudenesses and selfishness and cruelty of undisciplined passion.
4. Lack of civility or courtesy; bad manners.
c1532G. Du Wes Introd. Fr. in Palsgr. 1035 The rudenesse that I yvel manerd have used toward your hyghnesse. 1566Painter Pal. Pleas. (1569) I. 445 He prayed him not to take it in ill parte the rudinesse of his servauntes. 1601Shakes. Twel. N. i. v. 230 The rudenesse that hath appear'd in mee, haue I learn'd from my entertainment. 1634Milton Comus 178, I should be loath To meet the rudenesse, and swill'd insolence Of such late Wassailers. a1691Boyle Christian Virtuoso Wks. 1774 V. 509 The seeming rudeness of the angel to St. Peter, when he struck him on the side, and hastily rouzed him. 1741Watts Improv. Mind (1801) 101 It is a piece of rudeness to interrupt another in his speech. 1778F. Burney Evelina lxxxi, The rudeness of his manner..springs from the same cause. 1822Lamb Elia i. Modern Gallantry, A pattern of true politeness to a wife—of cold contempt, or rudeness, to a sister. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) IV. 290, I hope..that I am not betrayed into rudeness by my love of conversation.
b. An instance of this.
1699Bentley Phal. Pref. p. lxxviii, There's one Rudeness, that I ought not to omit; because it falls upon others, as much as my self. 1718Free-thinker No. 61. 39 Contradiction of every Kind is a Rudeness. 1754World No. 95 III. 223 This particular way of thinking very frequently subjects me to little rudenesses and affronts.
5. Roughness of style or workmanship.
c1555Sloane MS. 261 fol. 3, I doubtede whether the rudenes of the worke weare not a..sclaunder to the authour. 1612Monniepennie Abr. Chron. in Misc. Scot. I. 3 The plainnesse and rudenesse of my stile. 1636Recorde's Gr. Arts Pref. A 3, I had rather..vtter the rudenesse of my translation, then to defraud them the benefit of so good a lesson. 1756Burke Subl. & B. Wks. 1842 I. 44 The rudeness of the work increases this cause of grandeur, as it excludes the idea of art and contrivance. 1783Blair Lect. xliii. (1812) III. 225 It has certainly softened some of his rudenesses. 1838Thackeray Strictures on Pictures Wks. 1900 XIII. 264 This picture is executed with the utmost simplicity, and almost rudeness. 1872R. F. Burton Zanzibar I. 97 The windows are loop-holes, and the doors are miracles of rudeness.
6. Unfinished, imperfect, or primitive state; roughness, ruggedness.
1645Ussher Body Div. (1647) 99 It seemeth that the rudenesse was in the earth onely; containing the water and the dry land. 1710Steele Tatler No. 179 ⁋10 Two Grotto's, set off with all the pleasing Rudeness of Shells and Moss. 1769E. Bancroft Guiana 24 Nature sports in primæval rudeness. 1793Trans. Soc. Arts V. 12 So much land may be truly said to have been made for ever, out of a mass of rudeness, which yielded no profit to its owner. |