| 释义 |
▪ I. behold, v.|bɪˈhəʊld|
Pa. tense beheld. Pa. pple. beheld, arch. beholden. Chief forms: inf. 1–2 biheald-an, 2 -helden, 2–5 -hald-e(n, 3–5 -holde(n, 6– behold. ind. pres. 3rd sing. 2 bihalt. pa. tense 1–4 beheold, -hield, -held, -huld, -heild, -heeld, 5– beheld, (4 beholded). pa. pple. 4 bihalden, 4– beholden, 4–5 beholde, 7– beheld, (4 behelded, beholdyd, 4–6 -ed). For other forms see hold.
[OE. bihaldan (WSax. behealdan), identical w. OS. bihaldan, OFris. bihalda, OHG. bihaltan, mod.G. behalten, Du. behouden, f. bi- be- 2 + haldan, healdan to hold. The application to watching, looking, is confined to English.]
I. To hold by, keep, observe, regard, look.
†1. trans. To hold by, keep hold of, retain. Obs.
a1000Cædmon's Gen. 366 (Gr.) Ðæt Adam sceal..minne stronglican stol behealdan. c1380Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. I. 384 Men that biholden [MS. E holden] bileve of Crist. 1525Ld. Berners Froiss. II. lxiv. [lxix] 222 Euery man behelde the same oppynyon.
b. intr. (for refl.) To hold, keep to.
a1300Cursor M. 9483 To quas seruis straitly he bi-held.
†2. trans. To hold by some tie of duty or obligation, to retain as a client or person in duty bound. Found only in the pa. pple. beholden, q.v.
†3.
a. intr. To hold on by, appertain or belong to.
b. trans. To pertain, relate or belong to, to concern. Obs.
a1067Chart. Eadweard in Cod. Dipl. IV. 214 God eów ᵹehealde and alle ðe ðat beholde intó ðáre hálaᵹen stowe. c1175Lamb. Hom. 65 Þe pater noster bihalt me noht, bute ic þis habbe in mi þoht. a1250Moral Ode 156 in E.E.P. (1862) 31 Al hit hanged and bihalt bi þisse twam worde. c1449Pecock Repr. i. ix. 45 Ech of hem [gouernauncis] whiche biholden the making..of the said sacramentis.
†4. trans. To hold or contain by way of purport or signification, to signify, mean. Obs.
c1200Ormin 13408 We muȝhenn sen whatt itt bihallt. a1225St. Marher. 7 Whet bihalt,..þat tu ne buhest to me?
†5. trans. To hold in regard, keep, observe (commands, appointed days, etc.). Obs.
971Blickl. Hom. 11 Symle bliþe mode Godes beboda utan we behealdan. 1387Trevisa Higden (1865) I. 243 þe Romaynes..byhelde þilke dayes and wrouȝt nouȝt þilke dayes.
†6.
a. trans. To regard (with the mind), have regard to, attend to, consider.
b. intr. To give attention or regard, have regard unto, to. Obs.
c825Vesp. Ps. lx. 1 Bihald to ᵹebede minum. a1000Ags. Ps. lx. 1 Beheald min ᵹebed. a1300E.E. Psalter lxi. 1 Unto mi bede bihald þou. c1300Beket 760 Al this (ho so riȝt bihalth) thu gynnest forth to drawe. 1382Wyclif Gen. iv. 5 The Lord bihelde to Abel and to his ȝiftis. a1400Cato Major. ii. xxv, Ende and biginnynge of þe werk Boþe þou hem bi-holde.
7. trans.
a. To hold or keep in view, to watch; to regard or contemplate with the eyes; to look upon, look at (implying active voluntary exercise of the faculty of vision). arch. This has passed imperceptibly into the resulting passive sensation:
b. To receive the impression of (anything) through the eyes, to see: the ordinary current sense. (It is not easy to show the beginning of sense b, as nearly all the early instances have some suggestion of the former: the earlier quotations under b. must therefore be treated as merely introductory.)
a.971Blickl. Hom. 11 Englas hie ᵹeorne beheoldan. a1200Trin. Hom. 29 Þe wimman bihalt hire sheawere and cumeð hire shadewe þaronne. c1250Owl & N. 1323 On ape mai a boc bi-halde, An leves wenden. a1300Cursor M. 290 Behald þe sune and þou mai se. c1450Merlin xiv. 225 The maiden hym be-heilde moche, and he her. 1523Ld. Berners Froiss. (1812) I. 423 They brought him to the princis..who behelde hym right fersly and felly. 1530Palsgr. 447/1 To se an olde ryddylled queene to beholde herselfe in a glasse. 1605Bacon Adv. Learn. i. §2 (1873) 1 Beholding you not with the inquisitive eye of presumption. 1667Milton P.L. ix. 1080 How shall I behold the face Henceforth of God or Angel, earst with joy And rapture so oft beheld? 1676Hobbes Iliad 291 And when enough beholden them he had. 1718Pope Iliad i. 553 From far Behold the field.
b.c1175Lamb. Hom. 177 He muwen ben of-drad þe hine sculleð bi-helde. a1225Ancr. R. 106 He biheold hu his deore deciples fluen alle vrom him. 1382Wyclif Gen. xxiv. 64 Rebecca, Isaac biholdyd, descendide of the camel. 1483Cath. Angl. 26/1 To behalde: asspicere casu. 1565Stapleton Fortresse 56 And such as haue not heard haue yet beholded. 1596Shakes. Tam. Shr. ii. i. 11, I neuer yet beheld that speciall face, Which I could fancie. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iii. 711 On Winter Seas we fewer Storms behold. 1850Mrs. Browning Poems I. 90 These are stars beholden By your eyes in Eden. 1860Tyndall Glac. i. §16. 109 Anything more exquisite I had never beheld.
†8. intr. To look. Const. with various adverbs and prepositions. Obs. (exc. as absolute use of 7.)
c1175Lamb. Hom. 133 Bihald he seide up to heouene. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 153 Bi-hold up to heuene and tel þe sterres. c1325E.E. Allit. P. A. 809 Hys face..Þat watz so fayr on to byholde. c1386Chaucer Frankl. T. 135 Thanne wolde she..pitously in to the see biholde. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. i. 14 Esteward ich byhulde · after þe sonne. 1491Caxton Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) ii. 210 b/2 The holy fader..beholdynge upon hym. 1509Barclay Ship of Fooles (1570) ⁋⁋vj, Beholde vnto the shore. 1601Shakes. Jul. C. v. iii. 33 Come downe, behold no more. 1634Malory's Arthur (1816) II. 95 They took their horses, and beheld about them. 1795Southey Joan of Arc vi. 277 The Maiden's host beheld.
†9.
a. intr. To look or face (as a building) against or to (a direction).
b. trans. To face. Obs.
1382Wyclif Song Sol. vii. 4 The tour of Liban that beholdith aȝen Damasch. c1449Pecock Repr. iii. i. 280 At the see that biholdith to the west. 1593T. Fale Dialling 8 Let the arke behold the South. 1634Sir T. Herbert Trav. 209 The Land is high..chiefly where it beholds the Sea. 1677Moxon Mech. Exerc. (1703) 310 The South Erect..whose Plane..directly beholds the South.
†10. trans. To look upon, view, consider as (something); to consider or hold in a certain capacity.
1642Rogers Naaman 344 To behold himselfe the true bread and..water of life. 1650Fuller Pisgah iii. i, It is beheld in Scripture as most solemn and of highest importance. 1662― Worthies (1840) II. 223 Though beans be generally beheld but as horse and hog-grain. Ibid. 551 He is beheld one of the first merchants.
† II. Senses apparently derived from hold at a later period. Only in Sc. Obs. (Some of these are doubtful.)
†11. intr. To ‘hold,’ stop, wait.
a1670Spalding Troub. Chas. I, I. 143 (Jam.) They beheld but keeped still the fields. 1768Ross Helenore 21 (Jam.) ‘That's true,’ quo' she, ‘but we'll behad a wee.’
†b. trans. ‘To await.’ Jam.
1639Act Chas. I, Addit. (1814) V. 665 (Jam.) To behold the treattie with the commissioneris. a1662Baillie Lett. (1775) I. 24 (Jam.) To behold the event of that meeting.
†12. trans. ‘To connive at, take no notice of.’ Jam.
a1670Spalding Troub. Chas. I, I. 154 (Jam.) To understand if his lordship would behold them, or if he would raise forces against them.
†13. ‘To permit.’ Jam.
a1670Spalding Troub. Chas. I, I. 117 (Jam.) They..desired him out of love..that he would be pleased to behold them to go on, otherwise they were making such preparations that they would come and might not be resisted.
▪ II. behold, int.|bɪˈhəʊld|
The imperative of the preceding verb, used to call attention; = lo int.
[c1440York Myst. xx. 193 Be-halde howe he alleggis oure lawe.] 1535Coverdale Mal. iii. 1 Beholde, I will send my messaunger. 1590Shakes. Mids. N. i. i. 147 Behold, The iawes of darknesse do deuoure it vp. a1764Lloyd Dial. Wks. II. 2 Behold! to yours and my surprize, These trifles to a volume rise. 1831Carlyle Sart. Res. iii. viii, Fortunatus..when he..wished himself Anywhere, behold he was There. |