| 释义 |
‖ psychosis|ps-, saɪˈkəʊsɪs|
Pl. -oses |-ˈəʊsiːz|.
[a. late Gr. ψῡ́χωσις animation, principle of life, f. ψῡχόω I give soul or life to: but in mod. use taken as = condition of the psyche or mind.]
1. Path. Any kind of mental affection or derangement; esp. one which cannot be ascribed to organic lesion or neurosis (cf. neurosis 1). In mod. use, any mental illness or disorder that is accompanied by hallucinations, delusions, or mental confusion and a loss of contact with external reality, whether attributable to an organic lesion or not.
1847tr. Feuchtersleben's Med. Psychol. (Syd. Soc.) 11 The nosography which aims at exhibiting the phenomena, the natural history, and the so called system of psychoses. 1874H. Maudsley Respons. in Ment. Dis. i. 33 No wonder that the criminal psychosis, which is the mental side of the neurosis, is for the most part an intractable malady, punishment being of no avail to produce a permanent reformation. 1879Lewes Stud. Psychol. 26 Pathologists call it a psychosis, as if it were a lesion of the unknown psyche. 1924J. Riviere tr. Freud's Coll. Papers I. iv. 72 The ego rejects the unbearable idea..and behaves as if the idea had never occurred to the person at all. But, as soon as this process has been successfully carried through, the person..will have developed a psychosis, and his state can only be described as one of ‘hallucinatory confusion’. 1939E. Glover Psycho-Analysis iv. 34 When deep guilt erupts, as in the depressive psychoses, we find that the self-accusations are not justified in reality. They are delusional. 1946R. B. Cattell Description & Measurement of Personality ii. 30 Psychoses are both endogenous and exogenous, organic and psychogenic... Some exogenous psychoses are..organic, in..that the provoking environmental influence—e.g., alcohol or syphilis—is organic. 1957C. Pfeiffer in H. Abramson Neuropharmacol. (1959) 231 We have tried the Akerfeldt test in the model LSD psychosis in human volunteers. 1973Sci. Amer. Sept. 117/3 The severe mental disorders we have learned to deal with more effectively are the psychoses, the most prominent of which are schizophrenia and manic-depressive psychosis. Psychoses are severe disorders characterized by profound and pervasive alterations of mood, disorganization of thought and withdrawal from social interactions into fantasy.
2. Psychol. A change in the psychic state; an activity or movement of the psychic organism, as distinguished from neurosis (neurosis 2).
1871,1882[see neurosis 2]. 1907Ramsay in Expositor Sept. 213 Feelings, moods, emotional consciousnesses or psychoses. |