| 释义 |
psychosoˈmatic, a. and n.
[f. psycho- + somatic a. and n.]
A. adj.
a. Involving or depending on both the mind and the body as mutually dependent entities.
1863C. Reade Hard Cash II. xi. 119 The nocturnal and diurnal attendance of a Psycho-physical physician, who knows the Psychosomatic relation of body and mind. 1930M. W. Calkins in C. Murchison Hist. Psychol. in Autobiogr. I. 44 This biological form of personalistic psychology studies the psychophysical, or better the psychosomatic organism. 1933H. Devine Rec. Adv. Psychiatry (ed. 2) i. 1 The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the modern concept of ‘psychosomatic unity’, or, as it is sometimes termed, the concept of ‘the organism-as-a-whole’. 1956E. L. Mascall Christian Theol. & Nat. Sci. vii. 270 A human being is not just a spirit that is temporarily condemned to inhabit a material garment, but is a highly complicated psycho-somatic unity, in which the body is an essential constituent. 1976Verbatim Sept. 11/2 The biblical view of personality was psychosomatic (and distinct from Platonic dualism—‘the body is the prison-house of the soul’). So in both the Hebrew and Christian Scriptures, what we would call psychic or spiritual states are freely ascribed to physical organs and other parts of the human anatomy.
b. Applied to physical disorders caused or aggravated by mental, emotional, or psychological factors, and (less commonly) to mental or emotional disorders caused or aggravated by physical factors.
1938S. Beckett Murphy x. 219 Murphy..did not suffer from this—er—psychosomatic fistula. 1947J. Steinbeck Wayward Bus 170 She called her mother's [headaches] psychosomatic and psychotic. 1950A. Huxley Themes & Variations i. 67 Hypertension, neurosis, psychosis and all the varieties of psycho-somatic disorders. 1957New Biol. XXII. 83 These are the so-called psychosomatic disorders. The distinctive feature of these illnesses is that, although they are of nervous origin, they come to the attention of patient and physician through some malfunctioning of an organ. 1958H. L. & R. R. Ansbacher Indiv. Psychol. of Adler ii. xi. 286 The role of organ inferiority in psychosomatic disturbances proper will be discussed in the next chapter. 1964Ann. Reg. 1963 414 Mental strain..had often led to psychosomatic illness. 1975B. Wood Killing Gift v. iii. 150 We've built up a really solid case, at least statistically, for psychosomatic influence on breast-cancer incidence.
c. Applied to the branch of medicine concerned with the relations between the mind and the body.
1939(title of periodical) Psychosomatic medicine. 1939Psychiatry II. 465/1 Psychosomatic Medicine covers a different and broader field. Its object is to study in their interrelation the psychological and physiological aspects of all normal and abnormal bodily functions and thus to integrate somatic therapy and psychotherapy. 1946Jrnl. R. Aeronaut. Soc. L. 263/2 The American Army had a separate section of the Medical Service dealing with what was called psychosomatic medicine. 196020th Cent. Mar. 267 Psychosomatic research has revealed that almost every common disease can have an emotional component. 1971Country Life 9 Sept. 646/4 Psychosomatic medicine today appears to be making a full-circle exploration.
B. n. pl. (const. as sing.). The field of study concerned with the relationship between mind and body.
1941Amer. Jrnl. Psychiatry XCVII. 781 We will take up the present day research trends in the following order:..psychosomatics (psychophysiology). 1941Psychosomatic Med. III. 332, I surveyed ten years' literature in the field of psychosomatics. 1946B. Mittlelman in P. L. Harriman Encycl. Psychol. 678 It is obvious..from its problems and methods that psychosomatics represents a synthesis of several streams of psychological and medical investigation. 1966N.Y. State Jrnl. Med. LXVI. 3157/1 The view of the skin as a major organ of communication is not a new one; it is a basic concept of psychosomatic medicine. But if the ECM proposed here are more fully identified, some of the ‘metaphors’ of psychosomatics will turn out to be descriptions of real events. 1975B. Wood Killing Gift iv. i. 131 His very next paper..was on psychosomatics... He chaired a ..conference on the psychosomatics of cancer.
Hence psychosoˈmatically adv., in a psychosomatic manner; esp. through the (unconscious) effect of the mind on the body; psychosoˈmaticist, an expert or specialist in psychosomatic medicine; psychoˈsomatism (rare), psychosomatics; psychoˈsomatist = psychosomaticist.
1854J. C. Bucknill Unsoundness of Mind 15 The psycho-somatists find in the liability of the cerebral instrument to disease, a reasonable basis for the irresponsibility of the insane. 1946Lancet 10 Aug. 190/2 Epidemiology..was founded and formulated mainly upon experience gained by the study of infectious diseases, but its use as a framework of interpretation is equally applicable to many modes of morbid behaviour that are manifestations of disturbances of emotional development—i.e., of ‘life’ viewed psychologically, psychosomatically, and psychosocially. 1957Time 4 Nov. 56/2 It was the story of a girl who went psychosomatically deaf in emotional flight from her role as the ears of a deaf father, mother and brother. 196020th Cent. Mar. 268 Psychosomatists believe..that each of us possesses a built-in homeostatic mechanism designed to keep us healthy. Ibid. 269 This does not mean that psychosomatists attribute all illnesses, invariably, to states of mind. Ibid., Psychosomatism is not, therefore, a ‘craze’. Until less than a century ago every great medical school—Hippocratean and Christian alike— subscribed to what Mr. Jelly sneers at as the ‘argot’ of treating ‘the whole man’. 1960Spectator 14 Oct. 555 The first practising psychosomatist—if the term is allowable—that I had met. 1962N. E. Whitten in A. Dundes Mother Wit (1973) 418/1 The only reason that the effects of a spell can be removed is that they are psychosomatically caused in the first place. 1962C. L. Buxton Study of Psychophysical Methods for Relief of Childbirth Pain i. 2 The very environment thought by psychosomaticists to contribute to difficult, prolonged and painful labor is everywhere present in this episode. 1971Time 7 June 96/2 The family physician bucks the case to a psychosomaticist, who flounders in jargon. 1976Times Lit. Suppl. 10 Sept. 1105/2 She was psychosomatically deaf for a week. |