| 释义 |
▪ I. ˈruminate, a. Bot. rare.
[ad. L. rūminātus, pa. pple. of rūminārī: see next.]
= ruminated ppl. a. 2.
1830Lindley Nat. Syst. Bot. 280 Albumen..either ruminate, or furnished with a central or ventral cavity. 1835― Introd. Bot. (1839) 466 Ruminate, when a hard body is pierced in various directions by narrow cavities filled with dry cellular matter.
▪ II. ruminate, v.|ˈruːmɪneɪt|
[f. ppl. stem of L. rūminārī or rūmināre, f. rūmen rumen.]
1. a. trans. To revolve, turn over and over in the mind; to meditate deeply upon.
1533Elyot Cast. Helthe iii. xi. 65 Let him..accustome him selfe to behold, and marke well them that be angry, with the successe of that anger, and ruminate it in his mynde a good space after. 1591Shakes. 1 Hen. VI, v. v. 101 Conduct me, where from company, I may reuolue and ruminate my greefe. 1607J. Carpenter Plaine Mans Plough 151 In this circulatory motion, wee shuld ruminate Pauls wheele of fourteen spokes. 1642H. More Song of Soul ii. i. iii. viii, While I in sullen rage did ruminate The Creatures vanity and wofull state. 1726G. Shelvocke Voy. round World 240, I had a damp upon my spirits, when I ruminated within myself the certain and unavoidable difficulty. 1791Burke Let. Member of Nat. Assembly Wks. 1842 I. 481 When the guilty themselves do not choose..by ruminating their offences, [to] nourish themselves..to the perpetration of future crimes. 1928Oxford Poetry 7 About your poorly-mounted majesty Stand cow-faced women ruminating sales. a1961A. Huxley in Webster (1961) s.v., Ruminating the contents of that last batch of letters she had received. 1975N.Y. Times 26 Sept. 35/2 Mr. Rodgers has lived long, created much and filled an age with the sound of his music. Perhaps he has earned the right to ruminate..the art of autobiography.
b. To meditate, consider (a design, etc.) with a view to subsequent action.
1588Shakes. Tit. A. v. ii. 6 To ruminate strange plots of dire Reuenge. 1590Greene Orl. Fur. (Rtldg.) 93 Thou that ruminatest to thyself a catalogue of privy conspiracies. 1638Sir T. Herbert Trav. (ed. 2) 101 Shee ruminates a thousand severall sorts of revenge. 1655Milton 2nd Def. Eng. People Wks. 1851 VIII. 251 When Salmasius was anxiously ruminating how he might reestablish his ruined character. 1725Pope Odyss. xx. 8 Ruminating wrath, he scorns repose. 1740–1Richardson Pamela (1824) I. xii. 23, I went in, and began to ruminate with myself what I had best to do.
†c. With personal object. Obs.—1
1606Shakes. Tr. & Cr. ii. iii. 198 The proud Lord, That..neuer suffers matter of the world Enter his thoughts: saue such as doe reuolue And ruminate himselfe.
2. a. To chew, turn over in the mouth, again.
1609Bible (Douay) Song Sol. vii. 9 Like the best wine worthy for my beloved to drink, and for his lips and his teeth to ruminate. 1806Phil. Trans. XCVI. 364 That liquor, which does not require to be ruminated, is conveyed directly to the fourth stomach.
b. In fig. contexts, approximating to sense 1.
1617Collins Def. Bp. of Ely ii. x. 529 Thus does he ruminate and re-ruminate his cud againe. a1635R. Corbet Iter Boreale 43 Because he neede but ruminate that ore Which he had chew'd the Sabbath-day before. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. iii. I. 393 Literature which could be carried by the post bag..formed the greater part of the intellectual nutriment ruminated by the country divines and country justices. 1884R. Paton Scott. Church xiv. 148 Like a clean animal, ruminating it, he turned it into most sweet verse.
3. intr. To chew the cud. Also fig.
1547Homilies i. Holy Script., Let vs ruminat, and (as it were) chewe the cudde, that we may haue the swete Joyse,..taste,..and consolacion of them. 1579–80North Plutarch (1612) 21 The beasts feeding there, were wont to come under the same [tree].., and there did ruminate. 1661Lovell Hist. of Anim. & Min. Isagoge a 3 b, Cornigerous ruminants.., or not ruminating; as the Hogge. 1676Grew Musæum, Anat. Stomach & Guts vi. 26 Of divers Beasts which Ruminate, thus much is true. 1712Addison Spect. No. 471 ⁋2 Those Repositories in several Animals, that are filled with Stores of their former Food, on which they may ruminate. 1791Boswell Johnson (1831) I. 498 He made various sounds with his mouth; sometimes as if ruminating, or what is called chewing the cud. 1806Phil. Trans. XCVI. 370 It is stated by authors that hares, rabbits, and even some men ruminate. 1881Nature XXIV. 453 An animal which had two complete toes on each foot, and ruminated.
transf.1638Rawley tr. Bacon's Life & Death (1650) 41 That the Spirits of the Wine may have whereupon to ruminate and feed.
4. a. To muse, meditate, ponder.
1575Laneham Let. (1871) 43 If I dyd but ruminate [for] the dayz I haue spoken of, I shall bring oout yet sumwhat more. 1606Shakes. Tr. & Cr. iii. iii. 252 He..ruminates like an hostesse, that hath no Arithmatique but her braine to set downe her reckoning. 1659Burton's Diary (1828) III. 217, I shall not ruminate, but look forward. 1712Addison Spect. No. 403 ⁋8 After having taken a Pipe of Tobacco, and ruminated for some time. 1785F. Burney Let. 17 Dec., The blossom of an idea..came out into full blow as I ruminated upon my pillow. 1828D'Israeli Chas. I, I. v. 112 The news startled the Cardinal, and he ruminated. 1876Mozley Univ. Serm. vi. (ed. 2) 137 The glorified saint of Scripture is especially a beholder;..he does not merely ruminate within.
b. Const. about, of, on, upon, over.
1574Hellowes Gueuara's Fam. Epist. (1577) 108 That text of the Psalmist, about the whiche..my soule may alwayes ruminate. c1590Marlowe Faust. i. i. 102 For my head But ruminates on necromantic skill. Philosophy is odious and obscure. 1612Woodall Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 317 To ruminate of the things that most conduced to the mischief. 1682Sir T. Browne Chr. Mor. (1756) 105 To ruminate upon evils..is to add unto our own tortures. 1722De Foe Col. Jack (1840) 30, I ruminated very much about it. 1778F. Burney Evelina lxxv, Ruminating very unpleasantly upon my future prospects. 1867Burton Hist. Scot. I. i. 11 Those noble lines in which Byron makes the dying gladiator ruminate over the coming vengeance for his fate. 1874Symonds Sk. Italy & Greece (1898) I. xvi. 348 He ruminated on his melancholy.
†5. refl. To take counsel. Obs.
c1600Distr. Emperor v. iv. in Bullen O. Pl., Let us withdrawe and in pryvate rumynat our selves together.
Hence ˈruminating vbl. n.
1598Florio, Ruminamento, a ruminating, a chewing of the cudde. 1668Steele Husbandm. Calling v. (1672) 113 The reading and ruminating of it, might be as much worth as heaven to them. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1862) I. 336 His ruminating after a full meal generally lasted about an hour and a half. 1955Sci. News Let. 16 July 36/2 Grazing animals frequently chew their cud for about nine hours out of every 24, and this ruminating is somewhat concentrated at night, Dr. Balch suggested. |