| 释义 |
sabbatical, a. and n.|sæˈbætɪkəl|
Also with cap. initial and 8 sabbathical.
[f. mod.L. *sabbatic-us (see sabbatic a. and n.) + -al1.]
A. adj.
1. Pertaining to or appropriate to the Sabbath.
1645City Alarum 20 The formerly mentioned are but our working dayes abuses, now followes our seventh and Sabbaticall errour, wherein we seeme to rest. 1799Corry Sat. Lond. (1803) 94 The Curate is so far from being prepared for his sabbatical avocation, that he is engaged during the week in some worldly pursuit. 1849H. Miller Footpr. Creat. xv. (1874) 295 It seems, besides, to throw light on the prominence of the Sabbatical command. 1877Mrs. Oliphant Carita II. xxxi. 291 This, too, was a kind of solemn sabbatical exercise. 1892A. Birrell Res Judic. ii. 38 A sabbatical calm results from the contemplation of his labours.
b. Sabbatical river: an imaginary river celebrated in Jewish legend, which was said to observe the Sabbath. Similarly Sabbatical pool: see quot. 1649.
The legend of the ‘sabbatical river’ existed in two discrepant forms: cf. quots. 1671 (after Josephus) and 1849.
1613Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 519 This was the issue of their Pilgrimage to the Sabbaticall streame, which they supposed to finde in this Persian Gulfe. 1649Jer. Taylor Gt. Exemp. iii. xiv. 51 The sabbaticall pool in Judea, which was dry six dayes, but gushed out in a full stream upon the sabbath. 1671Stillingfl. Serm. viii. (1673) 151 The famous Sabbatical River..which for 6. days bear's all before it..: the admirable nature of that River is, that it keeps the Sabbath and rests all that day. 1849Longfellow Kavanagh xi. (1857) 221 And must my life, then, be always like the Sabbatical river of the Jews, flowing in full stream only on the seventh day?
c. Of the nature of a Sabbath or period of rest.
1836Sir H. Taylor Statesman xi. 79 It were to be wished that he should set apart from business, not only a sabbatical day in each week, but if it be possible a sabbatical hour in each day!
2. a. sabbatical year: the seventh year, prescribed by the Mosaic law to be observed as a ‘Sabbath’ in which the land was to remain untilled and all debtors and Israelitish slaves were to be released. Also allusively.
1599Pont Right Reckoning of Years 2 These Sabbaticall yeares. 1635–56Cowley Davideis ii. Note 8 From hence contracts, and the account of Sabbatical years and Jubilees bare date. 1705Hickeringill Priest-cr. i. Wks. 1716 III. 24 Neither Seventh Days..nor Sabbath Days, nor Sabbathical Years..is now any more obligatory to us. 1828E. Irving Last Days p. viii, May it prove unto us as a sabbatical year of rest!
b. sabbatical millenary, sabbatical millennium: the last of the seven thousands of years which (on the analogy of the seven days of the creation) were supposed to form the destined term of the world's existence.
1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. vi. i. 278 He conceaveth the Elementall frame shall end in the seventh or Sabbaticall millenary. 1814J. Christie Ess. Early Idol. 11 The supposed continuance of this earth as many thousand years, the last thousand of which, it was reported, would be a Sabbatical Millenium.
c. orig. U.S. Designating a period of leave from duty granted to university teachers at certain intervals (orig. every seven years) for the purposes of study and travel; spec. in sabbatical year (cf. sense 2 a). Now freq. used transf. of rest or absence from other occupations, professions, or activities. Also sabbatical officer, one granted sabbatical leave (from work or study) for the performance of a certain office.
[1880Ann. Rep. Pres. & Treas. of Harvard Coll. 1879–1880 19 The Corporation adopted, on the 31st of May, 1880, new rules with regard to leave of absence for professors and assistant professors... The Corporation have decided that they will grant occasional leave of absence for one year on half-pay, provided that no professor have such leave oftener than once in seven years.] 1886E. N. Horsford Scheme adopted by Trustees, Wellesley Coll. 8 To each of the heads of the above departments the Sabbatical Grant contemplates that every seventh year of her academic service from a given date, she shall be eligible to have..a year's leave of absence, to be passed in Europe, and with it her half-yearly salary. If for any reason an eligible officer declines the Sabbatical Year, the grant in her case may be offered to another equally eligible. 1892W. James Let. 13 July (1920) I. 321 Only why talk of ‘sabbatical’ years? 1905N.Y. Even. Post 23 Sept. 8 Professors Allinson, Sears and Hill are spending their sabbatical year of absence in foreign travel and study. 1926B. Russell On Education iii. xviii. 242 Every university teacher ought to have a Sabbatical year (one in every seven) to be spent in foreign universities or in otherwise acquiring knowledge of what is being done abroad. 1949Time 18 Dec. 12/2 Kennan announced that he was leaving the State Department ‘on sabbatical leave’. 1962Times 12 Apr. 18/2 The break-up of his subsequent marriage impels him to escape from England and to spend a ‘sabbatical year’ in travel. 1972Nature 4 Feb. 277/2 On sabbatical leave from the Department of Therapeutic Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. 1976Postmaster (Merton Coll., Oxf.) 30 A union of university students, with clearly defined objectives, and with no sabbatical officers. 1976Gramophone Apr. 1575/3 I'm doing it on May 9th with Rostropovich in the last concert before I take off a sabbatical year, promised to my wife when I reached sixty.
B. n. A period of sabbatical leave; a sabbatical year (cf. sense 2 c above). Freq. in phr. on (a) sabbatical.
1934in Webster. 1946H. Howe We Happy Few 18 Then when Papa had his sabbatical, we went to Paris. 1958Manch. Guardian 7 June 1/6 Parliament will be reconstituted after a six-month sabbatical. 1961Harper's Bazaar Dec. 47/2 The ultimate in holidays is the ‘sabbatical’, a term which business is taking over from the academic world. 1978L. Heren Growing up on The Times iii. 102 Pat found a furnished flat, which belonged to an academic on a sabbatical in the United States.
Hence saˈbbatically adv., saˈbbaticalness.
1727Bailey vol. II., Sabbaticalness, the Being of the Nature or Quality of a Sabbath. 1847Disraeli Tancred ii. xv, He sabbatically abstains from the debate or the rubber. |