| 释义 |
▪ I. sallow, n.|ˈsæləʊ|
Forms: α. 1 sealh, (seal, salh, salch); β. 4–5 salwe, (4 salew, salugh), 5–6 salgh(e, salow(e, (5 salwhe, 6 sallowe, sallo, 7 salloo), 4– sallow; γ. [1 saliᵹ-], 3 selihe, salyhe, 5–6 saly, 6 salye, 6, 9 salley, 7– sally. (See also E.D.D., and the forms placed under saugh.)
[OE. sealh (Anglian salh):—prehistoric *salho-z masc.; cogn. w. OHG. salaha wk. fem. (MHG. salhe, mod.G. in comb. salweide):—*salhōn-; ON. selja wk. fem. (Sw. sälj, sälg, Da. selje):—*salhjōn-; cognates outside Teut. are L. salic-, salix, Gr. ἑλίκη, Irish saileach, Welsh helyg (collect.). The Fr. saule is an adoption from Teut.
The OE. nom. sing. is directly represented by the dialectal saugh. The β and γ forms above descend from the late Anglian flexional form salᵹ-, saliᵹ-, where the ᵹ is introduced on the analogy of those ns. in which final h is a euphonic modification of ᵹ. The form seal appears partly to represent the normal flexional form of the stem in OE., as in seales genit. sing., sealas pl., and partly to be adopted from ON. selja.]
1. A plant of the genus Salix, a willow; chiefly, in narrower sense, as distinguished from ‘osier’ and ‘willow’, applied to several species of Salix of a low-growing or shrubby habit: see quot. 1866. Also, one of the shoots of a willow.
αa700Epinal Gloss. 892 Salix, salch. a800Erfurt Gloss. 1767 Salix, salh. c1000Sax. Leechd. II. 18 Wið heafod ece ᵹenim sealh & ele.
β1377–8Durham Acc. Rolls (Surtees) 131 In posicione de Sallowys juxta ripam de Wer, xxd. c1386Chaucer Wife's Prol. 655 Who so that buyldeth his hous al of salwes..Is worthy to been hanged on the galwes! 1388Wyclif Lev. xxiii. 40 And ȝe schulen take to ȝou..salewis [1382 withies] of the rennynge streem. c1450Lydg. & Burgh Secrees 2014 Afftir, ovir a ryveer rennyng, To be set Arrayed to thyn estat, With salwys, wyllwys Envyronnd preperat. 1555Eden Decades 38 Elmes, wyllowes, and salowes. 1583L. M[ascall] tr. Bk. Dyeing 76 Take cole of a willo or sallo. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. ii. 573 Sallows and Reeds, on Banks of Rivers born. 1725T. Thomas in Portland Pap. (Hist. MSS. Comm.) VI. 131 There is a small shrub growing over the greatest part of it [‘the Carr’, near Carlisle] which they call soft sallows. 1782J. Scott Poet. Wks. 96 And lofty sallows their sweet bloom display. 1818Shelley Pr. Wks. (1880) III. 18 We sit with Plato by old Ilissus..among the sweet scent of flowering sallow. 1859Tennyson Merlin & V. 223 A robe..In colour like the satin-shining palm On sallows in the windy gleams of March. 1866Treas. Bot., Sallow, a name for Salix cinerea, S. Caprea, and the allied species, which are not flexible like the osier, but furnish the best charcoal for gunpowder. 1907Gentl. Mag. July 38 The yellow sallows, locally sallys, which the cottage children call palms, flame in gold.
γc1000Ags. Ps. (Th.) xxxvi. 2 On saliᵹ[um] we sariᵹe, swiðe ᵹelome, ure organan up-ahengan. a1300E.E. Psalter cxxxvi. 2 In selihes [v.r. salyhes, wilthes] in mide ofe ite Our organes henge we yhite. 1483Cath. Angl. 317/1 Salghe for Saly A.), salix. 1664Evelyn Sylva xix. 39 Of the Withy, Sally, Ozier, and Willow. Ibid. 40 We have three sorts of Sallys amongst us: The vulgar..and the hopping Sallys..: And a third kind..having the twigs reddish. 1694W. Westmacott Script. Herb. 222 Sallies grow the faster, if planted within the reach of the Water. 1750W. Ellis Mod. Husbandm. IV. ii. 41 (E.D.S.). 1882W. Worc. Gloss., Sallies, willow-boughs.
2. The wood of the sallow tree.
βc1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 118 If þe heed be smyte wiþ a liȝt drie staf as of salow. 1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. ii. v. 88 Smal-coale..is made of Sallow, Willow, Alder, Hasell, and the like. 1658― Hydriot. iii. 44 Sallow..makes more Ashes then Oake. 1843Holtzapffel Turning, etc. I. 104 Sallow (Salix caprea), is white, with a pale-red cast, like red deal, but without the veins. 1882Athenæum 26 Aug. 271/2 A Sussex trug..is a flat basket..of flakes of sallow braced with ash.
γ1546Yorks. Chantry Surv. (Surtees) I. 113 Ther is a wood..conteynyng..xx acres of okes, asshes, salyes and other woodes. 1582in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford (1880) 424 Spoylinge of hasells, salleys, and other woods readie for sale. 1640Bp. Reynolds Passions xxxvii. 453 They doe not take Sally, or Willow, or Birch, and such other Materialls. 1810W. H. Marshall Rev. Board Agric., W. Departm. 275 The softer woods, such as ash, sallies, alder, are regularly cut from twelve to fourteen years' growth. 1835J. Wilson Biog. Blind 212 The old harp..the front of which is white sally, the back of fir.
3. a. A collectors' name for certain moths the larvæ of which feed on the sallow or willow; esp. a moth of the genus Xanthia.
1829J. F. Stephens Syst. Catal. Brit. Ins. ii. 98. 1832 J. Rennie Conspect. Butterfl. & M. 85. 1880 O. S. Wilson Larvæ Brit. Lepidopt. 270.
b. ? = sally-fly (see 4 b).
1902Webster's Dict., Suppl., Sally, a stone fly.
4. a. attrib. as sallow (or sally) bush, sallow charcoal, sallow land, sallow pole, sallow stake, sallow switch, sallow tree, sallow twig, sallow willow, sallow wood.
1883Eng. Illustr. Mag. Nov. 69/2 A few low *sallow bushes.
1615Markham Eng. Housew. 81 Take of *Sallow Charcole vj. ounces.
1907Gentl. Mag. July 38 Down by the river we have the Sallens, or *Sally lands.
1898B'ham Daily Post 26 Mar. (E.D.D.), ‘White and black *Sally poles’ for sale.
c1440Pallad. on Husb. xii. 139 And put a *saly stake in hit.
1802H. Martin Helen of Glenross I. 55 A *sally switch.
1502Arnolde Chron. (1811) 188 Take..half soo myche of coles of *salow or of wylow tree. 1850K. H. Digby Compitum III. 206 A brook that winds through bending sally trees.
c1440Pallad. on Husb. iv. 18 And softe a *saly twigge aboute hym plie.
1776–96Withering Brit. Plants (ed. 3) II. 54 *Sallow Willow. Salix caprea... This is perhaps the most common of all our willows.
c1790J. Imison Sch. Art II. 17 Charcoal is to be chosen of *sallow wood.
b. Special comb.: sally-fly, some kind of stone fly; sallow kitten, a moth (see quot.); sallow moth, a moth of the genus Xanthia (Cassell's Dict.); sally picker Anglo-Irish, a name for the Chiffchaff, Sedge Warbler and Willow Warbler; sallow thorn, a plant of the genus Hippophae; sallow (wattle), one of several Australian acacias that resemble willows in habit or foliage. sallow † withe, withy [= G. salweide] = sense 1.
1787Best Angling (ed. 2) 114 The Yellow *Sally Fly. Comes on about the twentieth of May... It is a four winged fly; as it swims down the water its wings lie flat on its back.
1880O. S. Wilson Larvæ Brit. Lepidopt. 189 Dicranura furcula, Linn. The *Sallow Kitten.
1885Swainson Provinc. Names Birds 25, 26, 28 *Sally picker (Ireland).
1847W. E. Steele Field Bot. 157 Hippophae. L. *Sallow⁓thorn.
1884A. Nilson Timber Trees New South Wales 21 A[cadia] dealbata.—Silver Wattle; Sallow. 1965Austral. Encycl. VII. 539/2 A[cacia] longifolia, A. mucronata and several related species with long flower-spikes are known as sallow wattles in Victoria.
1657Thornley tr. Longus' Daphnis & Chloe 68 The Goats gnaw'd the green *Sallow With in pieces.
1893Wiltsh. Gloss., *Sally-withy, a willow.
▪ II. sallow, a.|ˈsæləʊ|
Forms: 1 salo, 4–6 salowe, (5 salloh, salwhe, 6 sallowe, 7 salow), 6– sallow.
[OE. salo = MDu. salu, saluwe discoloured, dirty (Du. † zaluw), OHG. salo, salew- dark-coloured (MHG. sal, salw-, mod.Ger. dial. sal), Icel. söl-r yellow:—OTeut. *salwo-, whence F. sale, It. salavo dirty. Cf. Russian solovoy cream-coloured.]
a. Of the skin or complexion: Having a sickly yellow or brownish yellow colour.
a1000Riddles lxxx. 11 (Gr.) Good is min wise & ic [sc. ? a horn] sylfa salo. a1366Chaucer Rom. Rose 355 Ful salowe was waxen hir colour. c1400Rom. Rose 7392 That false traitouresse untrewe Was lyk that salowe hors of hewe, That in the Apocalips is shewed. c1430Pilgr. Lyf Manhode i. lxix. (1869) 41 Al blac thei bicomen and salwh,..and elded. c1440Promp. Parv. 441 Salwhe of colowre (P. salowe), croceus. 1530Palsgr. 323/1 Salowe yolowe coloured as ones skynne is for sycknesse, jaunastre. 1533Elyot Cast. Helthe (1541) 13 Colour of inward causes... Of inequalytie of humoures, wherof doo procede, blacke, salowe, or white onely. Red, Blacke, Salowe, do betoken domynion of heate... Salowe, choler citrine. 1592Shakes. Rom. & Jul. ii. iii. 70 What a deale of brine Hath washt thy sallow cheekes for Rosaline! 1613R. Cawdrey Table Alph. (ed. 3), Salow, white. 1656Earl of Monmouth tr. Boccalini, Pol. Touchstone (1674) 256 [She] is of so sallow a complexion, that she shadows upon the Moor. 1744Armstrong Preserv. Health iv. 48 Hence..The Lover's paleness; and the sallow hue Of Envy. a1745Swift Panegyric on Dean Wks. 1751 X. 170 Pale Dropsy with a sallow Face. 1794S. Williams Vermont 194 They were of a sallow or brownish complexion. 1813Byron Corsair i. viii, That man.. Whose name appals..And tints each swarthy cheek with sallower hue. 1856Bryant Death Schiller iii, The sallow Tartar. 1877Black Green Past. xxx, The eldest daughter was rather pretty but sallow and unhealthy.
b. transf. and of things personified.
1746Collins Ode Evening 45 While sallow Autumn fills thy lap with leaves. 1784Cowper Task i. 438 He..who, imprisoned long..and a prey To sallow sickness,..Escapes at last to liberty and light. 1827Carlyle Misc. (1857) I. 50 They are believers; but their faith is no sallow plant of darkness. 1844Mrs. Browning Drama of Exile Poems 1850 I. 72 Pining to a sallow idiocy.
c. Comb.
1551T. Wilson Logike (1580) 52 b, A man maie be high coloured, or *sallowe coloured, and yet not blacke. 1633Ford Love's Sacr. iv. i, The sallow-coloured brat Of some vnlanded banckrupt.
1598Sylvester Du Bartas ii. ii. iv. Columnes 148 That *sallow-fac't, sad, stooping Nymph. 1877Black Green Past. v, A tall, thin, sallow-faced man.
1910W. de la Mare Three Mulla-Mulgars 81 There came spindling along an old *sallow-hued Earth-mulgar.
1892Zangwill Childr. Ghetto 100 A *sallow-looking, close-cropped Pole.
1606Marston Parasitaster iii. sig. E1, A blacke hayred, pall-fac'de, *sallowe thinking Mistresse.
1853Kane Grinnell Exp. xxxiii. (1856) 292 The *sallow-visaged party.
▪ III. sallow, v.|ˈsæləʊ|
[f. sallow a.]
trans. To make sallow.
1831T. L. Peacock Crotchet Castle i, Her quondam lover, whose physiognomy the intense anxieties..had left blighted, sallowed, and crow's-footed. 1861P. B. Du Chaillu Equat. Afr. xviii. 325 The whole complexion is sallowed. 1868Lowell Under the Willows 41 July..sallows the crispy fields. |