| 释义 |
▪ I. saltatory, a. and n.1|ˈsæltətərɪ|
[ad. L. saltātōri-us, f. saltātor: see saltator.]
A. adj.
1. Of, pertaining to, characterized by, or adapted for dancing.
1656Blount Glossogr., Saltatory,..of or belonging to dancing, vaulting, &c. 1821Edgeworth Mem. I. 93, I soon began to avoid exhibiting my saltatory talents, and I seldom danced. 1851Hawthorne Snow Image, etc., Old News i. 155 There is an incidental notice of the ‘dancing-school near the Orange-Tree’, whence we may infer that the saltatory art was occasionally practised. 1869J. Martineau Ess. II. 183 He could make a saltatory automaton.
2. a. Pertaining to, characterized by, or adapted for leaping; spec. = saltatorial 2.
1847L. Hunt Men, Women, & B. I. iii. 43 The way in which sheep carry themselves on abrupt and saltatory occasions. 1874Mivart Common Frog 1 What is a Frog?.. ‘The Frog is a small saltatory Reptile’, will probably be the reply of the majority. 1877Huxley Anat. Inv. Anim. vi. 262 The Amphipoda..are characterized by..their ordinarily saltatory habits. 1891Punch Christmas No. 8 The position of the Moon..is also favourable to saltatory exercise on the part of the cow. 1908Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer. XIX. 199 The coarser particles due to corrosion..and to washing move forward at ever varying rates in saltatory fashion, the variable or leaping movements arising largely in combinations of friction with inertia.
b. Path. = saltatoric.
1881J. Ross Dis. Nervous Syst. II. 341 Saltatory Spasm. 1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VIII. 106 Or when placed on her feet [a patient] may be forced to progress by a series of springing movements (saltatory spasm).
c. fig. Proceeding by abrupt movement.
1844Emerson Ess., Experience Wks. (Bohn) I. 183 Nature hates calculators; her methods are saltatory and impulsive. 1894H. F. Osborn From Greeks to Darwin 200 Another highly characteristic feature of his theory was, that he [St. Hilaire] included in it what has recently been termed ‘saltatory evolution’, and strongly opposed Lamarck's fundamental principle that all transformation is extremely slow.
d. Physiol. Used to designate the mode of transmission in a myelinated nerve in which the nerve impulse ‘jumps’ from node to node.
1934Amer. Jrnl. Physiol. CX. 308 The pictures could be accounted for if progression were saltatory and by a process such as Lillie (1925) has described as occurring in the iron wire model... Here, due to reactivation by eddy currents flowing around the segments, activity progresses in jumps from node to node and consequently is more rapid than in the simple model. 1949Jrnl. Physiol. CVIII. 339 The finding..that a large decrease in node spacing can occur without a drop in conduction velocity is shown not to conflict with the theory of saltatory conduction. 1977Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. LXXIV. 211/1 Myelinated nerve conducts by transmission of electrical excitation from node to node through local electrical circuits. This ‘saltatory’ mode of conduction results from a discontinuity in the excitability properties of the axon: excitable regions (nodes) alternate with nonexcitable passive core conductors (myelinated internodes).
e. Biol. Of the movement of small particles within cells: proceeding in directed jerks.
1964L. I. Rebhun in Allen & Kamiya Primitive Motile Syst. in Cell Biol. 503 Particles may at one time undergo Brownian movement and suddenly undergo a process converting this to sudden, discontinuous motion, i.e., saltatory motion. 1970Nature 7 Feb. 559/1 It may well be..that microtubules in brain function in the saltatory transport of material and vesicles from their site of formation in the cell body to their site of utilization at the synaptic endings. Ibid. 5 Sept. 1006/2 Translocation has been pictured as a saltatory interaction between enzyme-containing vesicles and fibrous proteins, chiefly micro⁓tubules.
3. Biol. saltatory replication, a hypothetical evolutionary event in which very many identical copies of a short section of DNA are added to a genome.
1968R. J. Britten in Carnegie Inst. Year Bk. 1966–7 72/2 Saltatory replications, the hypothetical events by which families of hundreds of thousands of similar nucleotide sequences are produced in the DNA of an organism... Families are produced in a time short compared to the time required for their loss by divergence (a few hundred million years). 1968― & Kohne in Ibid. 84/1 Events in which very many copies [of a DNA segment] are made in a short time interval (saltatory replication). Evidence is now available which clearly indicates saltatory replication. Ibid. 88/1 A saltatory replication producing 100,000 copies of the right sort of gene is a candidate for a genetic event with immense potentiality. 1970Nature 12 Dec. 1043/2 Such gene expansion has been designated saltatory replication and is illustrated in Fig. 1 C.
†B. n. A dancer. Obs. rare—1.
a1625Fletcher, etc. Fair Maid Inn iii. i, A second, a lavolteteere, a saltatory, a dancer with a Kit at his bum.
▪ II. ˈsaltatory, n.2 Antiq.
[ad. med.L. saltātōri-um, neut. sing. of saltātōrius (see prec.) used subst. Cf. saltory.]
= saltary.
1903Edin. Rev. July 179 The saltatory was a contrivance by which deer could make their way into the park, but could not jump back again. |