| 释义 |
sampling, vbl. n.|ˈsɑːmplɪŋ, ˈsæm-|
[f. sample v. + -ing1.]
The action of the vb. sample.
†1. Following an example, imitation. Obs.
a1638Mede Wks. (1672) 158 And this conformity and sampling (as I may say) of Christ, extends not only to those Acts of his which he did as man, where the imitation is plain and direct.
2. The action of testing the quality of anything by means of samples; an instance of this.
1778Pryce Min. Cornub. 326 The persons employed are called Samplers; and the business itself Sampling. 1809R. Langford Introd. Trade 64 Sample Box, Sampling and Duty..5s. 6d. 1867Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. Ser. ii. III. ii. 476 Numerous gaugings and samplings of the sewage..have been undertaken. 1889Athenæum 15 June 753/2 It is..not one to be estimated on..a chance sampling. 1924J. Stamp Stud. Current Probl. Finance & Govt. 12 A second development of statistics, along the lines of the theory of probability, is in the important principle of ‘sampling’... Under certain conditions 20 per cent., or even 5 per cent., samples may yield satisfactory and reliable results. 1935Brit. Birds XXVIII. 332 Sampling is an attractive labour-saving device, but it presents a number of obstacles and pitfalls, and needs to be used with considerable caution. 1973Jrnl. Genetic Psychol. CXXII. 249 This wide sampling yields a measure of a generalized expectancy of reinforcement.
3. attrib., as sampling method, sampling rate, sampling survey; sampling distribution, the theoretical frequency distribution of a statistic, as calculated from a sample, over all samples of the same size and kind; sampling error, error due to the use of a sample which does not perfectly characterize the population from which it is drawn.
1928Proc. R. Soc. A. CXXI. 654 (heading) The general *sampling distribution of the multiple correlation coefficient. 1967R. C. Campbell Statistics for Biologists ii. 32 A sample statistic..has a sampling distribution. This last term is slightly misleading, because all the distributions we have considered arise from sampling; the name is however usually reserved for the distribution from sample to sample of a statistic calculated from each sample.
1914Psychol. Rev. XXI. 109 The correlation (compensated for *sampling errors) between any two columns. 1955Times 8 July 7/3 It is anticipated that..the estimated total population of the Sudan will have a sampling error of substantially less than 1 per cent. 1974Times 11 Feb. 15/3 Polls are subject to considerable sampling error.
1943Ann. Math. Statistics XIV. 289 The accuracy of a *sampling method may be measured by the variance of the estimate of the quantity which is of interest. 1975Listener 6 Feb. 187/3 We accept sampling methods in our everyday life.
1947Bell Syst. Techn. Jrnl. XXVI. 396 Any input wave can be represented by a series of regularly occurring instantaneous samples, provided that the *sampling rate is at least twice the highest frequency in the input wave. 1978Gramophone Apr. 1789/2 The Sound Stream recorder, which sells for $70,000, is a full 6-bit binary conversion and recording system, with a sampling rate of 48K, frequency response to 17kHz,..and a tape speed of 30ips.
1960Amer. Speech XXXV. 176 The picture is probably as true as a *sampling survey can give. 1972H. Kurath Stud. Area Linguistics 76 A sampling survey carried out on a modest scale can reveal important aspects of the dialectal structure.
▸ Electronics and Sound Recording. The action or process of sampling sounds (cf. sample v.) in order to convert an analogue signal into a digital one; spec. the technique of digitally encoding sound for subsequent electronic processing, modification, or reuse, esp. as part of a recording or performance; the incorporation of an excerpt from one musical recording into another.
1975D. Kirk Audio & Video Recording vi. 113 Most synthesizers incorporate some form of sampling facility. 1984D. Crombie Synthesizer & Electronic Keyboard Handbk. 67/3 (caption) The Emulator is a digital replay and sampling unit with its own built-in disk drive. 1988Rhythm Oct. 46/3 Some..see sampling merely as a way of getting Phil Collins onto your record without the inconvenience of those nasty session fees. 1992Vibe Fall (Preview Issue) 29/1 Hip-hop has periodically tried to broaden its musical horizons beyond sampling and scratching. 1998San Diego Union-Tribune (Electronic ed.) 21 May (Night & Day section) 23 Liquid Soul's sampling, while inventive at times, feels more derivative than soulful. |