| 释义 |
sanbenito|sænbeɪˈniːtəʊ|
Forms: 6 (9 arch.) San Benito, 6 S. Benito, 6–7 Sambenit(e, 7 Sambenita, San-benit, 7–9 san-, sambenito.
[a. Sp. San Benito St. Benedict (as common noun written sambenito). Cf. Pg. sambenito, It., F. san-benito (16th c. F. santbeni).
So called from its resemblance in shape to the scapular introduced by St. Benedict.]
Under the Spanish Inquisition, a penitential garment of yellow cloth, resembling a scapular in shape, ornamented with a red St. Andrew's cross before and behind, worn by a confessed and penitent heretic; also, a similar garment of a black colour ornamented with flames, devils and other devices (sometimes called a samarra) worn by an impenitent confessed heretic at an auto-da-fé.
c1560Tomson in Hakluyt's Voy. (1589) 584 We were brought into the Church, euery one with a S. Benito vpon his backe, which is halfe a yard of yellow cloth, with a hole to put in a mans head in the midst. 1568Skinner tr. Gonsalvius' Discov. Sp. Inquis. Pref., A newe kinde of Consistory..set vp..to compell them..by Rackes..Chaines, Halters, Barnacles, Sambenites. Ibid. 21 b, The marks [of having been ‘within the Inquisitours pawes’] are commonly these:..A white linen garment with a red crosse called a Sambenit, and..a perpetuall slaunder and ignominy to all his stocke. Ibid. 45 b, Such as..defended their profession against their detestable falshoodes, weare the Sambenit vnto the very stake, which is a linen garment of the coulour of earth,..and all to be painted with black deuils. c1582M. Phillips in Hakluyt's Voy. (1600) III. 480 The Inquisitors..bringing with them certaine fooles coats..called in their language, S. Benitos, which coats were made of yellow cotten & red crosses vpon them, both before & behind. 1624Gag for Pope 12 In the inquisition to be clothed with the Sambenito, a punishment as vituperious as the carting of Bawdes in England. 1672Marvell Reh. Transp. i. 276 Sambenitas, painted with all the flames and devils in hell. 1678Butler Hud. iii. ii. 1574 By laying Trains to..blow us up in th' open Streets; Disguis'd in Rumps, like Sambenites. 1731Chandler tr. Limborch's Hist. Inquis. II. iv. xli. 294 Penitent Hereticks..received the blessed Sackcloth, commonly called the Sambenito... As to those who are designed for the Fire, viz. Such as have confessed their Heresy, and are impenitent... They are..cloathed with the Sackcloth..which some call the Sambenito, others the Samarra or Samaretta. And tho' it be of the same make as the Sambenito is, yet it hath different Marks, is of a black Colour [etc.]. 1816Scott Old Mort. xxxv, Who seemed as effectually doomed to death as if they wore the sanbenitos of the condemned heretics in an auto-da-fe. 1829Carlyle Misc. (1840) II. 107 Dreadful death-scenes painted like Spanish Sanbenitos. 1842Barham Ingol. Leg. Ser. ii. Auto-da-fé, All the flames and the devils were turn'd upside down On this habit, facetiously term'd San Benito. |