| 释义 |
sandhi Philol.|ˈsandɪ|
Also † sundhi, and with capital initial.
[a. Skr. saṃdhí junction, combination, f. sam together + dhā to place (see do v.).]
The term applied orig. by Sanskrit grammarians to assimilative changes occurring in Sanskrit in the final and initial sounds of words in a sentence (external sandhi), and in the final sounds of stems in word-formation (internal sandhi); extended by modern philologists to analogous phenomena in other languages.
1806W. Carey Gram. Sungskrit Lang. i. iii. 15 (heading) Of Sundhi, or the permutation of letters occasioned by the junction of syllables. 1841H. H. Wilson Introd. Gram. Sanskrit Lang. ii. 8 The changes to which letters are subject for the sake of euphony are numerous, and carefully defined, forming that part of Sanskrit grammar which is termed..Sandhi, ‘a holding together’, ‘a function’. 1888H. Sweet Hist. Eng. Sounds 15 An equally primitive stage is preserved in the Sanskrit sandhi, only here it is generally the end of a word that is modified. 1888J. Wright tr. Brugmann's Elem. Compar. Gram. Indo-Europ. Lang. I. 501 Owing to the scantiness of the Umbrian–Samnitic materials, handed down to us, it remains doubtful at what period certain processes of sandhi took place in Latin. 1901A. A. Macdonell Sanskrit Gram. p. ii, The rules of Sandhi are based chiefly on the avoidance of hiatus and on assimilation. 1933Eng. Stud. XV. 41 O[ld] E[nglish] æt þam ende, which became atten ende, and then, through sandhi, at an ende. 1939[see morphophonemics n. pl.]. 1952[see nuclear a. (and n.) 1 c]. 1976Language LII. 212 There is ample evidence that much of Sanskrit external sandhi is the result of sweeping generalizations.
2. attrib. and Comb.
1888J. Wright tr. Brugmann's Elem. Compar. Gram. Into-Europ. Lang. I. 488 The fettered language of the Vedas already furnishes the proof that the sandhi-system of the classical Sanskrit is not a thing of natural growth. 1933L. Bloomfield Language xxiii. 418 There resulted sandhi-alternants of words like water:..[´wɔtə]..[´wɔtər iz]... This..resulted in the sandhi-form the idea-r is... English sandhi-alternation is limited largely to cases like the above. 1935Amer. Speech X. 86/1 The sandhi customs are different in English from what they are in Dutch. Ibid., A preliminary statement of the sandhi rules of the dialect or language studied. 1945Mod. Lang. Notes Dec. 539 The sandhi-affricate formed in the sequence right here. 1961R. E. Keller German Dialects 264 This sandhi-lenition is not indicated in the orthography of the Lux[emburger] W[ör]t[er]b[uch]. 1969Eng. Stud. Suppl. p. lxxxi, At a conservative estimate twenty-two of the above twenty-eight instances support a spoken sandhi-distribution of voiced and voiceless final consonants. 1975Language LI. 551 Words may have more than one form, due to sandhi processes such as French liaison and elision. |