| 释义 |
▪ I. bleed, v.|bliːd|
Pa. tense and pple. bled. Forms: 1 blédan, 3–5 blede (6 Sc. bleid, blead, bleth), 7 bleede, 6– bleed. pa. tense 1 blédde, 2–5 bledde, 3 blede, 3–5 bledd, 7 bleeded, 3– bled. pa. pple. 1–4 bléded, 7–8 bleeded, 5– bled.
[OE. blédan:—OTeut. *blôdjan to bleed (whence also ON. blǽða, mod.G. bluten), f. OTeut. *blôdo(m blood.]
I. intr.
1. a. To emit, discharge, or ‘lose’ blood; to drop, or run with, blood. Said of a person or animal, a part of the body, a wound, etc.
a1000Salomon & Sat. 144 Blédaþ ǽdran. c1205Lay. 7523 Þat hæfed [hæfde, 1250 heued] bledde. c1300K. Alisaunder 5845 His woundes bledden. 1460J. Capgrave Chron. (1858) 162 Thei..founde the Prince bledying, and the Sarasine ded. 1596Shakes. Merch. V. iv. i. 258 To stop his wounds, least he should bleede to death. 1607Dekker Wh. Babylon Wks. 1873 II. 264 They are no common droppes when Princes bleede. 1658A. Fox Wurtz' Surg. v. 353 The wound bleeded vehemently. 1715Burnet Own Time (1766) II. 217 He fell a bleeding at the nose. 1828Scott Tales Grandf. Ser. ii. xxxvii. 153/1 Bleeding to death from the loss of his right hand.
b. The body of a murdered man was supposed to bleed afresh when the murderer approached, and thus to reveal his guilt: hence, of a crime: to bleed = to come to light (obs.).
[1591Murder Ld. Bourgh (Collier) 10 Wherunto he was no sooner approched..but his wounds bled more freshlie then when they were first giuen; whereby the people in the house..made foorth to search, for surelie they supposed the murtherer was not farre off. 1628Earle Microcosm. v. 13 His fear is, lest the carkass should bleed.] c1645Howell Lett. (1650) I. 31 The murdering of her Marquis of Ancre will yet bleed, as some fear.
c. the heart bleeds, used fig. to express great anguish, sorrow, or pity. So to bleed inwardly.
c1374Chaucer Troylus iv. Prol. 12 For whiche myn herte now right gynneth to blede. 1607Shakes. Timon i. ii. 211, I bleed inwardly for my Lord. 1610― Temp. i. ii. 63 O my heart bleedes To thinke oth' teene that I haue turn'd you to. 1792Burke Corr. (1844) IV. 24 My heart bleeds for the poor emigrants, whose case is truly deplorable. 1860Kingsley Misc. II. 349 What heart would not bleed for a beautiful woman in trouble.
2. a. To lose blood from severe or fatal wounds; to be severely wounded in battle, or the like; to shed one's blood or die by bloodshed.
a1300Havelok 2403 Crist þat wolde on rode blede. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xix. 103 So comsed ihesu, Tyl he had alle hem þat he fore bledde. a1400Sir Isumb. 621 Wel a sevene score garte he blede. c1400Destr. Troy 14044 He..þat bled for our Syn. 1601Shakes. Jul. C. ii. i. 171 Cæsar must bleed for it. 1732Pope Ess. Man i. 81 The Lamb thy riot dooms to bleed to day. 1787J. Barlow Oration 4th July 10 Those who bled in so glorious a field. 1839Thirlwall Greece II. 349 Those who had fought and bled in the cause.
fig.1665Pepys Diary 1 Apr., The King's service in the meantime lies a-bleeding.
b. transf. Of a dye: to ‘run’ or become diffused when wetted.
1862C. O'Neill Dict. Cal. Printing & Dyeing 34/1 Woollen articles [are] worked in it until saturated with colour, then washed well..until the colour begins to ‘bleed’, that is until the washing water begins to remove the blue and become tinged with it. 1893E. Knecht et al. Man. Dyeing 724 Fastness to washing and to bleeding or running should be determined with water alone and with soap. Ibid. 725 Most of the direct cotton colours bleed very much when dyed on cotton.
c. ‘To leak; especially, to leak an iron-stained liquid, as the seams of a boiler’ (Funk's Standard Dict. 1893).
1888Lockwood's Dict. Terms Mech. Engin., Bleeding, the red streaks of rust which weep through the scale adherent to the insides of boilers, and which reveal the presence of corrosion in the plates underneath.
3. Of plants: To emit sap when wounded.
1674Grew Anat. Trunks ii. i. §12 The Trunk or Branch of any Plant being cut, it always bleeds at both ends. a1711Ken Blondina Wks. 1721 IV. 526 The Trees..When in their Stems a wound is made, In od'rous Balsam bleed away. 1796C. Marshall Gardening xii. (1813) 160 Cutting branches or shoots in summer is apt to make them bleed as it is called. 1874Rep. Vermont Board Agric. II. 289 If pruned later the trees will often ‘bleed’, though it is stated that a perfectly healthy tree will not bleed if pruned at any season. 1965Bell & Coombe tr. Strasburger's Textbk. Bot. ii. 237 Many plants bleed only in the spring and at a certain stage of development, in others bleeding can occur at almost any time.
†4. ‘To lose blood medicinally’ (J.). Obs. (now, To be bled.)
1625Hart Anat. Ur. ii. iv. 73, I caused him bleed oftner then once. 1697J. D. in Tutchin Search Honesty A ij, Goe Bleed, use Hellebore, and shave thy head.
5. fig.
a. Of corn, etc. to bleed well: to give a large yield. dial.
1641Best Farm. Bks. (1856) 143 Att such times when corne bleedes not well. 1691Ray N.C. Wds. 8 Corn Bleeds well; when upon threshing it yields well. 1786Har'st Rig in Chambers Pop. Sc. Poets 51 It should bleed weel, and mak prime food Frae 'neath the flails. 1808in Jamieson.
b. Of persons: To lose or part with money to an extent that is felt; to have money drawn or extorted; to ‘pay through the nose’ for. colloq.
1668Dryden Even. Love iv. i, He is vehement, and bleeds on to fourscore or an hundred. 1680Cotton in Singer Hist. Cards 337 They will purposely lose some small sum at first, that they may engage him the more freely to bleed (as they call it). 1751Smollett Per. Pic. lxvi, To whom he was particularly agreeable, on account of his..bleeding freely at play. 1848Thackeray Van. Fair xiv, A City man, immensely rich, they say. Hang those City fellows, they must bleed. 1885Manchest. Even. News 23 June 2/2 Men who give bills have to bleed for the accommodation.
6. a. Said of blood, etc.: To drop, flow, ooze forth.
c1305Song Mercy in E.E.P. (1862) 120 Myn herte blood for þe gan blede. 1713Pope Windsor For. 393 For me the balm shall bleed, and amber flow.
b. with away, into: To pass by bleeding.
1595Shakes. John v. iv. 24 Retaining but a quantity of life, Which bleeds away, euen as a forme of waxe Resolueth from his figure 'gainst the fire. 1650Fuller Pisgah 401 This wound, whence so much precious wealth did bleed forth. 1865Bushnell Vicar. Sacr. iv. ii. 517 If the good that is in him will get into men's bosoms, it must bleed into them.
7. a. With cognate obj.: To emit as blood.
a1300Cursor M. 16775 For þe mikel blod he bled. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xix. 320 Of his blode þat he bledde on Rode. 1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 233/3 Hys hede was al to brused and bledde moche blood. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iii. 759 Roapy Gore, he from his Nostrils bleeds.
b. transf. of other liquids.
1611Shakes. Wint. T. v. ii. 96 Shee did (with an Alas) I would faine say, bleed Teares; for I am sure, my heart wept blood. 1667Milton P.L. vi. 331 Nectarous humour..such as Celestial Spirits may bleed. 1763Churchill Proph. Famine Poems I. 119 And the grape bleed a nectar yet unknown. 1850B. Taylor On Leav. Californ. (1866) 273 Thy tawny hills shall bleed their purple wine.
8. fig. To appear bleeding, to be as red as blood.
1833Browning Pauline 17 Her..lips which bleed Like a mountain berry.
II. trans.
9. To draw or let blood from, esp. surgically.
c1430Syr Tryam. 686 For at the justyng wolde y bene..My body for to blede. c1500Spirit. Remed. in Halliw. Nugæ P. 67 For us thou letteste thy breste be bled. 1674R. Godfrey Inj. & Ab. Physic 102 Her Husband was Bleeded by an Apothecaries order. 1737Pope Hor. Epist. ii. ii. 197 That, from a patriot..Have bled and purg'd me to a simple vote. 1804Abernethy Surg. Observ. 177 As he was perfectly well he was but slightly bled.
10. To draw or extort money from. to bleed white: see white a. 5 b. colloq. Cf. 5 b.
1680Cotton in Singer Hist. Cards 343 When they intend to bleed a coll to some purpose..they always fix half a score packs of cards before. 1849Thackeray Pendennis lxviii, By Jove, sir, you've bled that poor woman enough.
11. Naut. to bleed the buoys: to let the water out.
1833Marryat P. Simple vi, ‘And, Mr. Chucks, recollect this afternoon that you bleed all the buoys.’ Bleed the boys! thought I, what can that be for?
†12. To make bloody, to smear with blood.
1634Malory's Arthur (1816) I. 309 Sir Tristram he bled both the upper sheet, and the nether sheet, and pillows.
13. Bookbinding and Printing. To cut into the print of (a book) in trimming the margin; to print (an illustration) so that it reaches beyond the normal margin to the edge of the page. Also intr. (see quots.). So to bleed off or bleed on.
1835‘J. A. Arnett’ Bibliopegia 203 A work is said to bleed, if cut into the print. 1876Daily Tel. 9 June 2/1 (Farmer), The pages bleed in many places—i.e. the binder's knife when cutting the edges has also cut away portions of the printed matter. a1877Knight Dict. Mech. I. 297/2 Bleeding, cutting into the printed matter of a book when cutting the edges. 1917Gress Typography (ed. 2) 126 This plate can then be printed in color on gummed paper and the paper trimmed so as to ‘bleed’ the edges of the printed background. 1942H. A. Maddox Dict. Stationery 14 If a guillotine operator slightly cuts into the type of a printed forme when trimming the edges, he is said to have bled the edges. The term Bleed-off is a modern adaptation applied to the style of..magazine pages in which illustrations are actually run right off the edge of the paper. The term employed by some printers is..‘cut to bleed’. 1948Words into Type (Appleton-Century-Crofts Inc., N.Y.) 533 Printing is said to bleed when the margins are overcut in trimming and the printing mutilated. 1962Listener 26 July 142/3 It looks brilliant to place a detail from one Cézanne beneath the whole of another and to make the detail ‘bleed’ off.
14. To allow (liquid) to drain away or (gas) to escape through a cock, valve, or the like. Also with off. Cf. bleeding vbl. n. 3.
1889Cent. Dict. s.v., To bleed the brakes, in a locomotive, to relieve the pressure on the air-brakes by opening the bleeding-valve or release-cock of the brake-cylinder. 1959Motor Manual (ed. 36) iii. 61 A very rich mixture of fuel, and a little air bled in by the air bleed at the top of the well. 1962A. Shepard in Into Orbit 104 The technicians found they were able to bleed off the excess pressure by turning some of the valves by remote control. 1962Which? Car Suppl. Oct. 138/1 The sponginess of the brake system could not be entirely overcome by bleeding the hydraulic system.
▪ II. bleed, n.
[f. the vb.]
1. = bleeding vbl. n. 1 a.
a1585A. Montgomery Flyting between Montgomerie & Polwart 309 The bleid[s] and bellithrow. 1852–6,1890[see nose-bleed 2]. 1922T. Hardy Late Lyrics 26 The silent bleed of a world decaying.
2. The action of bleed v. 13; a page or illustration that is printed or trimmed so as to leave no margin. Also attrib.
1939in Webster Add. 1948Words into Type (Appleton-Century-Crofts Inc., N.Y.) 533 Illustrations which extend to the edges of the page when printed are called bleed cuts. 1967Karch & Buber Offset Processes 531 Bleed, a printed image area, an illustration, extending beyond any one or more edges of a sheet.
3. = bleeding vbl. n. 3; also, the cock, valve, or the like through which bleeding occurs. Freq. attrib. So bleed-off.
1949Gloss. Aeronaut. Terms (B.S.I.) II. 21 Bleed, to eliminate air from a hydraulic system; e.g., by undoing bleed screws. 1958Times Rev. Industry July 26/1 The..range comprises turbo-jet, air-bleed, free turbine, and shaft-drive units. 1959[see bleed v. 14]. 1962New Scientist 19 July 139 An opacity-measuring instrument..controls a continuous bleed-off of dirty water. |