| 释义 |
▪ I. pump, n.1|pʌmp|
Also 5–7 pompe, pumpe, (5–6 pomp, poompe, 6 poumpe): see also plump n.2
[Late ME. pumpe, pompe, = early mod.Du. pompe, Du. pomp, LG. pumpe, pump, mod.Ger. pumpe; whence Da. pompe, Sw. pump; also Fr. pompe.
Machines for raising water were in ancient and mediæval use, but no trace of the name pump appears before the 15th c. This is, as yet, known first in Eng. c 1440, in the sense of a ship's pump, for pumping out the bilge-water, in which use it was quite common 1450–1500. In Du., LG., HG. not recorded in this sense before the 16th c.; in Fr. cited 1517 in Hatz.-Darm.; in Du. a 1556 in Verwijs & Verdam, in Ger. c 1550 (Hans Sachs in Grimm). Plantijn 1573 gives for Du. only the sense ‘bilge’, de pomp des schips, ‘l'ossec de la navire, sentina’, pompen, wtpompen, ‘vuider l'ossec, sentinam expurgare’; but Kilian 1599 has pompe in sense both of a ship's pump, and a pump generally. In Du. dialects, pompe is found a 1463 in sense of a pipe or tube of wood or metal, or a stone conduit, for the conveyance of water under ground, a sense also found in Frisian, and in some Low German dialects. In view of these dates and various senses, it is not easy to form any inference as to the language in which the word arose; but the probability lies between English and Dutch (or Low German); in either case it was prob. first in nautical use. The primary sense seems to lie between that of ‘pipe, tube’, and an echoic formation from the sound of the plunger striking the water. In favour of the latter cf. the collateral form plumpe, plump n.2, found as early as 1477, also LG. plumpe pump; and conversely Ger. pump the hollow sound of a blow, pumpen to make such a sound (Grimm), admittedly echoic. The Cat., Sp., Pg. bomba (pump), viewed by Diez as the source of the French, may have been derived from F. pompe, but is more prob. an independent though analogous echoic formation. The It. is tromba, orig. = trumpet, tube; but Venetian, and some other north It. dialects have pompa from Fr. or Ger.]
I.
1. a. A mechanical device, commonly consisting of a tube or cylinder in which a piston, sucker, or plunger is moved up and down by means of a rod, or rod and lever, so as to raise water by lifting, suction, or pressure, the movement of the water being regulated by a suitable arrangement of valves or clacks; from early times used on board ship to remove bilge-water; also, from 16th c., for raising water from mines, wells, etc.; now, a generic term for a great variety of machines and mechanical devices for the raising or moving of liquids, compressing or rarefying of gases, etc.
Pumps are variously qualified according to the principle of action, manner of construction, means of operating, purpose, etc., as force pump, lift pump, lifting pump, suction pump; burr-pump, centrifugal pump, centripetal pump, chain-pump, double-acting pump, jigger-pump, oscillating pump, post-pump, rope pump, rotary pump, spiral pump; hand-pump, steam-pump; air-pump, beer-pump, bicycle-pump, bilge-pump, breast-pump, circulating pump, dental pump, donkey-pump, dredging pump, feed-pump, gas-pump, mining pump, oil-pump, petrol pump, pneumatic pump, saliva pump, stomach pump, etc.; for many of which see the specific words.
c1440Promp. Parv. 416/1 Pumpe of a schyppe, or oþer lyke, hauritorium. 1466Mann. & Househ. Exp. (Roxb.) 205 For a pompe..for the spynas. 1485Naval Acc. Hen. VII (1896) 41 Toppe sailes..j, pumps..ij. 1495Ibid. 259 Poompes by the mayne meste j & by the mayne meson maste j. 1505Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scot. III. 137 Item, payit for carying of tua treis quhilk suld be pompes to the schip. 1507in Rogers Agric. & Prices (1882) III. 562/4 (Sion) 1 pompe. 1523Fitzherb. Surv. 9 b, As the whele gothe..to blowe the bales or to dray any water lyke a pompe, as there be in Cornwall and dyuers other places. 1530Palsgr. 256/2, 259/2 Pompe..Pumpe of a shyppe, pompe. 1626Capt. Smith Accid. Yng. Seamen 11 The Pumpe, the pumpes-well, the pumpes brake, the pumpes can, the pumpes chaine, the spindle, the botes, the clap. a1628Preston Breastpl. Love (1631) 191 Their actions doe not come as water from a spring but as water from a pompe, that is forced and extorted. 1649Bp. Reynolds Serm. Hosea v. 4 The putting of a little water into a Pumpe makes way to the drawing out of a great deale more. 1653H. Cogan tr. Pinto's Trav. xli. (1663) 162 Cannons of Wood, made like unto the Pumps of Ships. 1688The Bur-Pump, or Bildge-Pump [see burr-pump]. 1727–41Chambers Cycl. s.v. Pump, The forcing Pump..acts by mere impulse or protrusion, and raises water to any height at pleasure. 1756C. Lucas Ess. Waters I. 143 New river water and that of Couvent-garden pump. 1800tr. Lagrange's Chem. II. 2 The mines..are kept free from water by means of pumps. 1810E. D. Clarke Trav. Russia (1839) 122/1 All hands were called to the pumps, which were kept working continually. 1829Nat. Philos. I. Hydraulics ii. 10 (Usef. Knowl. Soc.) Of pumps..the simplest and most common is the ordinary lift, or Household Pump. 1835Sir J. Ross Narr. 2nd Voy. vi. 85 To repair the feeding pump. 1887Pall Mall G. 2 Nov. 11/1 The composition..is taken up by a little instrument called a ‘pump’, which afterwards throws it out in a compressed state. 1925F. Scott Fitzgerald Great Gatsby iv. 81, I had a glimpse of Mrs. Wilson straining at the garage pump. 1972[see petrol station s.v. petrol 3 b]. 1974A. Price Other Paths to Glory ii. viii. 204 He helps with the odd jobs in the workshop and looks after the pumps.
fig.1649G. Daniel Trinarch. To Rdr. 54 The Pumpe of Witt beats faire and younge, And trills a Coppie. 1649Howell Pre-em. Parl. 12 Put his hand to the pump, and stop the leaks of the great vessell of the State.
b. In figurative or allusive phrases.
16022nd Pt. Return fr. Parnass. v. iv. (Arb.) 70 When I arriue within the ile of Doggs, Don Phœbus I will make thee kisse the pumpe. a1680Butler Descr. Holland in Rem. (1759) I. 270 That always ply the Pump, and never think They can be safe, but at the Rate they stink. a1754Draught on Aldgate Pump [see draught n. 35 b]. 1837Dickens Pickw. ii, ‘Put 'em under the pump’, suggested a hot-pie man. [Cf. pump v. 4.] 1839H. Ainsworth Jack Sheppard iii, If he don't tip the cole without more ado, give him a taste of the pump, that's all. 1860J. Brown Lett. (1907) 137, I am very dull, somehow out of spirits and the pump off the fang. 1867H. Kingsley Silcote of Silcotes xxxi, You might as well have argued with the pump. 1873Slang Dict. 149 Draft on Aldgate Pump, an old mercantile phrase for a fictitious banknote or fraudulent bill.
c. As employed in medical treatment, esp. at a place where a mineral spring is used: cf. pump v. 4 b, pump-room, etc. † dry-pump (obs.): see quot. 1631 and cf. pumping vbl. n.
1631E. Jorden Nat. Baths xvii. (1632) 135 Wee haue a Pump out of the hot Bath, which wee call the dry Pump, where one may sit in a chaire in his cloathes, and haue his head, or foot, or knee pumped. 1676[see 3]. c1710C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 13 (At Bath) The hot pumpe that persons are pumpt at for Lameness. 1758(title) tr. Limbourg's Dissertation sur les Bains, etc., or A Dissertation on Baths of Simple Water by Immersion, the Pump and Vapour. 1758J. S. Le Dran's Observ. Surg. (1771) 295, I advised the Patient to go to Bourbon to try the Hot Pump. 1804Med. Jrnl. XII. 241 It should be had fresh from the pump, and then there cannot exist a doubt of its being superior in strength to the celebrated Tunbridge chalybeate. 1806Dry Pump [see pumping vbl. n. a]. c1900[see pump-room].
d. transf. Applied to the heart, the sucker or proboscis of an insect, the lachrymal glands (as shedding tears: cf. pump v. 6).
1796H. Hunter tr. St.-Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) I. 295 A proboscis, which is at once an awl proper for piercing the flesh of animals, and a pump by which it sucks out their blood. 1825Buckstone Bear Hunters i. ii, Your pumps have been at work—you've been crying, girl. 1832Bryant To Mosquito xi, On well-filled skins..Fix thy light pump, and press thy freckled feet. 1885A. W. Blyth in Leisure Hour Jan. 24/1 Parts of Bios sleep, but never the whole; the central pump ever goes. 1898Allbutt's Syst. Med. V. 345 The action of the lymphatic pump depends upon the respiratory movements. 1899Ibid. VII. 249 Whenever the power of the cardiac and respiratory pumps is not sufficient to raise the blood from the splanchnic area.
e. Physiol. A mechanism in living cells by which metabolic energy is utilized to cause specific kinds of ion to pass through the cell membrane in the direction opposite to that in which they would pass under ordinary diffusion.
1947Arch. Biochem. XIV. 297 (heading) An osmotic diffusion pump. Ibid. 298 The essential unit of such a pump consists of the space between two membranes, in which a coupled chemical reaction, utilizing free energy supplied from outside, permits this unit to pump either solvent or dissolved solute into itself through one membrane and out through the other membrane, at a higher chemical potential than that from which it entered. 1964A. White et al. Princ. Biochem. (ed. 3) xxxvii. 727 In the ascending limb of the hairpin-shaped loop of Henle an outwardly oriented sodium pump..operates while the same cells are relatively impermeable to water. 1965Nature 4 Sept. 1099/1 Approximately three sodium ions are expelled for each molecule of ATP split by the pump. 1977Sci. Amer. Aug. 117/3 The transfer of a phosphate group to such a protein could conceivably change the permeability of the membrane to ions,..for example by affecting the activity of an enzyme ‘pump’ that physically transports ions across the membrane.
†2.
a. The ‘well’ or ‘sink’ of a ship where the bilge-water collects, and whence it is pumped out.
a1533Ld. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) K vj, The stynche of the pumpe in shippes. 1538Elyot Dict., Sentina, the pumpe of a shyp, a place where all fylthe is receyued. 1561Eden Arte Nauig. Pref., The pompe of the shyppe if it be not auoyded is noyous to the shippe & all that are therein. 1577Eden & Willes Hist. Trav. 290 The spyces are so corrupted by thinfection of the pompe and other filthinesse of the shyppes.
†b. fig. = ‘sink’. Obs.
1536Bellenden Cron. Scot. ii. xviii. (1821) I. 67 The tyrane Gillus, pump of every vice [orig. tot malorum sentina] is vincust. Ibid. II. 10 Uncouth lust, the pomp of all mischeif, amang the pepil. 1555W. Watreman Fardle Facions ii. iv. 138 The king [drove out the Jews]..and they (as the poompe of all skuruines, not knowing wher to become) laye cowring vnder hedges.
†c. In the following perh. = Du. dial. and Fris. pompe, a pipe or conduit for conveying water. Obs.
(But the sense may be 1.)
1535–6Rec. St. Mary at Hill 370 Paid..ffor a pompe yat lythe to brynge the water owt of y⊇ diche into y⊇ ponde.
II. [from the vb.]
3. An act of pumping; a stroke of a pump. Also transf.
1676Wood Life 23 June (O.H.S.) II. 350, I went to the Bath for the recovery of my hearing... I received at the drie pump in the King's bath nine thousand two hundred and odd pumps on my head in about a fourtnight's time. 1698W. King tr. Sorbière's Journ. Lond. 16 In an air Pump,..the Cat died after 16 Pumps. 1869Blackmore Lorna D. ii, I came to my corner, when the round was over, with very hard pumps in my chest. 1900Westm. Gaz. 28 May 2/1 Lying sideways..he hears the pump, pump, of his heart.
4. a. An attempt at extracting information from any one, by exhaustive or skilful questioning: cf. pump v. 7 b, 8 b. b. One who is clever at this.
1741Richardson Pamela I. 204, I was the easier indeed; because, for all her Pumps, she gave no Hints of the Key [etc.]. 1900Daily News 3 Apr. 5/5 Forbes had Scotch inquisitiveness. He was truly a pump. But when one was tired of being pumped, one could set him talking about events he had witnessed.
5. A representation of the action of or sound accompanying pumping.
1883E. Thring Theory & Pract. Teaching v. 53 It is useless pumping on a kettle with the lid on. Pump, pump, pump. The pump-handle goes vigorously..but the kettle remains empty.
III. 6. attrib. and Comb. a. General: attributive, as pump gear, pump lift, pump machinery, pump pit, pump spout, pump station, pump stroke, pump work; forming part of or belonging to a pump, esp. on board ship, as pump-bolt, pump-bore, pump-bucket (= bucket n.1 2), pump-carling, pump-cheeks (= cheek n. 13 d), pump-cistern, pump-clack (= clack n. 5), pump-cylinder, pump-dale (= dale3 1), pump-foot, pump-leather, pump-nail, pump-piston, pump-plunger (= plunger 2 a), pump-shoe, pump-spindle, pump-switch, pump-tube, pump-valve; used in making, working, etc. pumps, as pump-augur, pump-bit, pump-boat, pump-can, pump-log, pump-shaft, pump-trough; objective, as pump-clip, pump-holder (of a pneumatic tyre pump), pump-maker, pump-making, pump-scraper, pump-sinker, pump-sinking; also pump-driven, pump-like adjs.b. Special combs.: pump action attrib. (orig. U.S.), designating a type of repeating firearm (see quot. 1964 and cf. pump gun s.v. pump v. 16); also absol.; pump attendant, a garage hand who serves petrol; pump-back, a wooden casing over a chain-pump to receive the water when raised (Knight Dict. Mech. 1875); pump-barrel, the tube or cylinder of a pump; † pump-bathing, bathing in which the water is pumped on the body or part of it: cf. sense 1 c; pump-bob, the mechanism by which the motive power is applied to the action of the pump-rod at the top of the pump-shaft of a mine; pump-borer, † (a) a borer of tree-trunks for pump-barrels; (b) local name of the Spotted Woodpecker; pump-box, (a) the casing or cap of a pump; (b) the casing or box in a pump containing one of the valves; pump-cart, an irrigation cart carrying a pump; pump-chain, the chain holding the disks of a chain-pump; pump-coat, a canvas covering round a pump on the deck of a ship to prevent water getting through into the hold; pump-head, -hood: see quots.; pump-hook: see quot.; pump-house, (a) the pump-room of a spa; (b) a place in which pumps are made; (c) a pumping station; pump island, the part of a petrol station on which the pumps stand; pump-kettle, ‘a convex perforated diaphragm placed at the bottom of a pump-tube to prevent the entrance of foreign matters; a strainer’ (Knight); pump-lug, an appendage (cf. lug n.2 3 a) on the cross-head of a locomotive by which the plunger of the feed-pump is worked; † Pump Parliament, a nickname for the Long or Pension Parliament of Charles II: see quot.; pump-set, pumpset, a complete pumping installation, comprising a pump, a source of power, and any necessary pipes, valves, filters, etc.; cf. pumping set s.v. pumping vbl. n. d; pump-spear, -staff, a pump-rod; pump-stock, the body of a pump (Webster 1847); pump-stopper Naut., a plug for stopping a pump-barrel; pump-thunder, a bird, the American bittern; the stake-driver; pump-turbine Engin., a machine designed to operate as a pump running in one direction or a turbine running in the other; pump-vale = pump-dale. See also pump-brake, etc., and cf. verbal combinations in pump v. 16.
1912Collier's 28 Sept. 30/1 (Advt.), The Marlin *Pump Action repeating rifle. 1964H. L. Peterson Encycl. Firearms 249/2 Pump action, a popular term describing repeating firearms activated by a horizontally operating slide action. 1973Times 1 Aug. 4/6 The Government decided..not to make self-loading rifles and pump-action shotguns prohibited weapons in its forthcoming Bill. 1977Field 13 Jan. 44/1 (Advt.), A large selection of new and second-hand English weapons... Foreign side by sides, automatics, pump actions and single barrel guns.
1968A. Binkley What shall I Cry 10 Harry was *pump attendant and not in charge of mechanics. 1972Times 8 Sept. 21/5 The pump attendant's life of opening and shutting filler caps.
1835Ure Philos. Manuf. 57 Cylindrical cavities for..*pump-barrels.
1747Gentl. Mag. XVII. 226/1 The ether..being discharged therefrom as fast as received, like as the water is in *pump-bathing.
1878N. Amer. Rev. CXXVII. 227, I brought to the assistance of her commanding officer two heavy *pump-boats.
1789Falconer Dict. Marine, Cheville de potence de pompe, a long *pump-bolt. 1815Burney Falconer's Dict. M., Pump-bolts,..are two pieces of iron,..one serves to fasten the pump-spear to the brake, the other as a fulcrum for the brake to work upon.
1756Blake in Phil. Trans. LI. 6 Without incurring the inconvenience of enlarging the *pump-bores.
1708Lond. Gaz. No. 4487/3 A Wharf fronting the River of Thames,..called the *Pump-boarer's Wharf. 1848Zoologist VI. 2191 The greater and lesser spotted woodpecker..are known by the most appropriate name of ‘pump-borer’.
1697W. Dampier Voy. round World (1699) 443 The two hollow sides were made big enough to contain a *Pump-box in the midst of them both.
1840Civil Eng. & Arch. Jrnl. III. 41/1 The valves upon the *pump bucket.
a1625Nomencl. Navalis (Harl. MS. 2301) lf. 60 b, Ye *Pump-Can, is the Cann which they drawe water in to poure in to the pumpes and this is a greate Can.
1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., *Pump-carlines, the framing or partners on the upper deck, between which the pumps pass into the wells.
1839Ure Dict. Arts 972 The water is drawn off in a spout to the nearest *pump-cistern.
1844Civil Engin. & Arch. Jrnl. VII. 190/2 The common *pump clack, moving on a leather joint.
1907Yesterday's Shopping (1969) 1060/3 Cooper's patent locking *pump clip. 1908H. G. Wells War in Air ii. 52 Bert stared at these over the card of pump-clips in the pane in the door.
1825J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 294 This tube is continued down to the *pump cylinder. 1871Kingsley At Last viii, A rusty pump-cylinder gurgled, and clicked, and bubbled.
a1625Nomencl. Navalis (Harl. MS. 2301) lf. 60 b, Ye *Pump-dale is as it were the Trough wherein the water doth run alongst the Deck out to the skupper holes. 1800,c1850[see dale3 1].
1815Burney Falconer's Dict. M., *Pump-gears, any materials requisite for fitting or repairing the pump.
1875Knight Dict. Mech., *Pump-head, an arrangement for causing all the water raised by a chain-pump to be directed into the discharge-spout instead of permitting a part to be thrown off by centrifugal force.
1908Daily Chron. 6 June 8/3 The Lea-Francis [bicycle] carries the abolition of clips to the extent of brazing the *pump-holders to the down tube.
1815Burney Falconer's Dict. M., *Pump-hood, a short semi⁓cylindrical frame of wood, serving to cover the upper wheel of a chain-pump.
1640Archives of Maryland (1887) IV. 112 For a *pump-hook. 1702in Essex Inst. Hist. Coll. (1906) XLII. 161 Inventory of ship... A pumpe Hooke. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Pump-hook, an iron rod with an eye and a hook, used for drawing out the lower pump-box when requisite.
1742–9J. Wood Descr. Bath (1765) II. iii. v. 269 The Conduits..three are enclosed within Rooms; the chief of which is, for its Eminence, stiled the *Pump House. 1801R. Warner Hist. Bath v. v. 327 Building a pump-house or pump-room, in which the invalids might be supplied with water from a covered pump. 1863P. Barry Dockyard Econ. 114 The Portsmouth pump-house..supplied 1,236 feet of hand pumps.
1969Wall St. Jrnl. 7 Oct. 19/1 We've seen crop after crop of dolts parade to the *pump island. 1974Petroleum Rev. XXVIII. 706/3 Painted in BP or National livery will be the pump islands, canopies, shops, kiosks, [etc.].
1805R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. I. 329 Expensive machinery of the *pump kind.
1497Naval Acc. Hen. VII (1896) 322 Payed..for a pompe to the seid Ship—iijs. & for a Clampte iiijs. & a *pompe lether—iiijd.
1839Ure Dict. Arts 972 Although from 20 to 30 fathoms be the common length of a *pump-lift, it sometimes becomes necessary to make it much longer.
1896A. Morrison Child of the Jago 39 The sufferer's screams had a *pump-like regularity.
1857Gen. P. Thompson Audi Alt. I. v. 16 That men in fine weather throw away their storm-sails, and heave overboard their *pump-machinery.
[a1490Plump-maker: see plump n.2] .1623Canterb. Marriage Licences (MS.), John Poole of Canterbury, *pompemaker. 1825Hone Every-day Bk. I. 1042 The worshipful company of pump-makers.
1534Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scotl. VI. 235 For tua hundreth *pomp nale xvd. 1626Capt. Smith Accid. Yng. Seamen 3 The Carpenter..is to haue the..pumpe-nailes, skupper-nailes, and leather. 1805State Papers & Publick Documents of U.S. 2 Dec. (1814) I. 455 They robbed the brig of..all her candles, pump nails, locks, and gimblets.
1677J. Verney 19 May in V. Mem. 469 The people about town call this the *Pump Parliament, alluding, as a little water put into a pump fetches up a good deal, so [etc.].
1888Hasluck Model Engin. Handybk. (1900) 61 To give the *pump-plunger a travel of 5/8 in.
1875Knight Dict. Mech., *Pump-scraper, a round plate used for cleaning out the pump-barrel.
c1889W. Tate Princ. Mining adapted to S. Kensington Syllabus xxi. 158 The thickness of *pump sets is calculated by the following formula. 1969Capital (Calcutta) 27 Feb. 354/1 In 1967–68 alone, 250,000 pumpsets, 50,000 private tubewells and 1,000 large State tubewells were installed. 1974Petroleum Rev. XXVIII. 704/1 A sea water injection pumpset.
1855J. R. Leifchild Cornwall Mines 36 Three summers were consumed in sinking the *pump shaft.
1534in Rogers Agric. & Prices (1882) III. 569/2 (Richmond), 2 *pump shoes /4.
1827G. Darley Sylvia 38 Uds my life! is their father a *pump-sinker?
1843R. J. Graves Syst. Clin. Med. xxx. 418 In draining, *pump-sinking, and other similar occupations.
1702in Essex Inst. Hist. Coll. (1906) XLII. 161 Inventory of ship..Two *pump Speares. 1789Falconer Dict. Marine G iv, The pump-spear..draws up the box, or piston, charged with the water.
1903Daily Chron. 26 Sept. 6/1 We..punctured tyres six times, and sustained one half-hour's delay through a broken *pump spindle.
1867‘T. Lackland’ Homespun 321 He washes his ruddy face under the *pump-spout. 1888Harper's Bazaar 22 Dec. 872/1 When he had filled his pail he took it carefully from the pump spout, and started back to the house.
a1600‘Now, Gossop, I must neidis begon’ 25 in Bannatyne Poems (Hunter. Cl.) 1080 If she be laik it may be soon espyed, The *pompstaff and the maner holls will try it.
1877Raymond Statist. Mines & Mining 164 The steam is conducted along the *pump-station from the main pipe to the pump.
1836T. Wicksteed in Trans. Inst. Civ. Engin. I. 118 The cylinder was 80 inches, the *pump stroke 91/4 feet.
1891Cent. Dict., Stake-driver, the American bittern..called from its cry..pile-driver, *pump-thunder, thunder-pumper, etc.
1813Sporting Mag. XLII. 212 Putting him into the *pump-trough, Straw came and pumped upon him.
1934H. K. Barrows Water Power Engin. (ed. 2) iii. 179 The Baldwin-Southwark Corporation..with the General Electric Company, have recently developed a combined *pump-turbine operated by a two-speed motor generator for such plants, model tests of which indicate relatively high efficiencies when acting as either a turbine or a pump. 1977Time 17 Jan. (Advt., verso front cover), Bill has no idea that the six reversible pump-turbine generator-motors that now supply his area with low-cost electricity were made by Hitachi.
c1635N. Boteler Dial. Sea Services (1685) 96 The *Pump⁓vale which is the Trough, wherein the Water that is pumped out runs along the Ship sides and so out of the Scoper holes.
1844Civil Eng. & Arch. Jrnl. VII. 190/2 A model, showing the principal *pump valves used by mining engineers. 1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, Pump-valve, the moveable interior part or lid of a pump.
1679–88Secr. Serv. Money Chas. & Jas. (Camden) 112 For *pump work and water carriage in Hyde Park.
▪ II. pump, n.2|pʌmp|
Also 6 poumpe, pompe, 6–7 pumpe.
[Of obscure origin; no word similar in form and sense has been found in other languages.
Suggestions have been offered of its identity with prec., and with pomp n., but without satisfactory grounds. The Ger. pumpstiefel and pumphosen, which have been compared, are so called from their tubular or pipe-like legs; and there does not appear in the early use of pumps any clear connexion with pomp or show. It may have been an echoic word, suggested by the dull flapping sound made by slippers, as distinct from the stamp of heavy shoes.]
a. A kind of light shoe, originally often of delicate material and colour, kept on the foot by its close fit, and having no fastening; a slipper for indoor wear; hence (in 17–18th c.) applied to a more substantial low-heeled shoe of this character, esp. one worn where freedom of movement was required, as by dancers, couriers, acrobats, duellists, etc.; now spec., a light, low-heeled shoe, usually of patent leather and without fastening, worn with evening dress and for dancing, and regionally = plimsoll 2; in North America, freq. = court shoe s.v. court n.1 19. See also pinson2.
1555W. Watreman Fardle Facions ii. iii. 124 Their shoes are not fastened on with lachettes, but lyke a poumpe close aboute the foote. 1578Florio 1st Fruites 2 b, I wil buye me a payre of Pantofles and Pumpes. 1592Shakes. Rom. & Jul. ii. iv. 66 Thy Pump..when the single sole of it is worne. 1598Florio, Scarpini... Also dancing pumps or little shooes. 1599B. Jonson Ev. Man out of Hum. iv. ii, The gallant'st courtiers kissing ladies' pumps. 1688R. Holme Armoury iii. 14/2 Pumps are shooes with single soles and no heels. 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), Pumps, a sort of Shooes without Heels us'd by Rope-dancers, Running Foot-men, &c. 1719De Foe Crusoe 172 They were not like our English Shoes..; being rather what we call Pumps, than Shoes. 1728W. Starrat Epistle 8 in Ramsay Poems (1877) II. 274 Well hap'd with bountith hose and twa-sol'd pumps. 1763Brit. Mag. IV. 547 The flat-heel'd drudges now are thrown aside For the high pumps with toes of peeked pride. 1852Thackeray Esmond ii. x, He was a very tall man, standing in his pumps six feet three inches. 1880Times 21 Sept. 4/4 Slippers, called pumps, which have only one sole and no insole, are also sewed in the old-fashioned way. 1897Sears, Roebuck & Co. Catal. 203/3 Men's gymnasium shoes... Men's low cut canvas pumps, canvas sole, [etc.]. 1908Ibid. 813/2 A dainty pump of patent coltskin, much in favour with fashionable women. 1928T. Eaton & Co. Catal. Spring & Summer, These smart, attractively-trimmed Pumps can be had in either Black Patent or Honey Beige-shade of leather. 1946Sun (Baltimore) 2 Nov. 3 (Advt.), Two flattering styles to choose from—black suede anklet{ddd}and classic black suede sling pump—both mounted on black faille platforms. 1967Oxford Mag. 10 Feb. 205/2 Informed by a girl that she has to wear pumps (court shoes) for her Convocation (degree ceremony) [in Canada]. 1968J. Ironside Fashion Alphabet 132 Dancing shoes or pumps. Usually worn by children, they have flat soles and elastic which goes criss-cross round the ankle. Very popular among smart nannies for their charges, especially in bronze leather. 1974P. Wright Lang. Brit. Industry ii. 28 For rubber-soled canvas shoes we have pumps, plimsolls, gym-shoes and squeakers. 1978J. Krantz Scruples vii. 191 Wells Cope, wearing a Dorso sweater, pale beige twill trousers, and black velvet evening pumps embroidered in gold, sat with Harriet.
b. In Phrases (esp. in alliterative conjunction with pantofle: cf. pantofle b). to keep toe in pump (dial.), to keep quiet or calm, not to get excited.
1589R. Harvey Pl. Perc. (1860) 23 One standing all vpon his pumps and pantables will be aboue a Shomaker. 1596Nashe Saffron Walden Wks. (Grosart) III. 55 Not in the pantofles of his prosperitie..but in the single-soald pumpes of his aduersitie. 1607Beaumont Woman Hater i. ii, To it shall be bidden..All pump and pantofle, foot-cloth riders. 1831–4S. Lover Leg. Irel. 172 So keep your tongue in your jaw, and your toe in your pump. 1863Trollope Rachel Ray xxiv, Keep your toe in your pump, and say nothing.
c. attrib., as pump shoe, pump tie.
1689Lond. Gaz. No. 2484/4 Charles Russel, aged 14 years,..Woolen Stockins, Pitch'd and Tarr'd, Pump Shooes..; went away from his Master.., about 10 weeks since. 1904Daily Chron. 5 May 8/4 The new pump tie is the generally accepted shoe.
▪ III. pump, v.|pʌmp|
Also 6 pompe, poump, 6–7 pomp.
[f. pump n.1; cf. Du. pompen, G. pumpen, F. pomper, etc.]
I. Literal senses.
1. intr. To work a pump (in early use, always a ship's pump); to raise or move water or other fluid by means of a pump.
1508Kennedie Flyting w. Dunbar 463 Thow spewit, and kest out mony a lathly lomp, Fastar than all the marynaris coud pomp. 1530Palsgr. 670/2 Pumpe a pace, for our shyppe leaketh. 1719De Foe Crusoe i. (1840) 12 The men..told me that I..was as well able to pump as another. 1872Raymond Statist. Mines & Mining 207 A good engine for hoisting and pumping is on the ground.
2. trans. To raise or remove (water or other fluid) by means of a pump. Chiefly with out, up.
1530Palsgr. 670/2, I pumpe up water by a pompe. 1538Elyot Dict., Sentino, to pumpe vp water out of a shyppe. 1653Z. Bogan Mirth Chr. Life 560 Thou hast many a leake, and..a great deale of water in thee..pump it out at thine eyes, ere thy ship sink. 1742–9J. Wood Descr. Bath (1765) I. i. viii. 70 If the hot Waters are kept from the Air, and pumped up directly from the Spring. 1815J. Smith Panorama Sc. & Art II. 15 If this part of the apparatus be air-tight, the mercury may be pumped up into the tube. 1872Raymond Statist. Mines & Mining 272 A 9-inch pipe through which they pump the water. Mod. To pump the air out of a receiver.
3. a. To free from water, etc. by means of a pump or pumps. Said simply in reference to a ship; of other things usually with extension, as to pump dry or pump empty. Also, to free from air or other gas by means of a pump or pumps, to evacuate; also with down (cf. pump up in sense 5) or out (cf. pump out in sense 2); also absol.
c1650Denham Old Age 132 In a ship..some sweep the deck, some pump the hold. 1706E. Ward Wooden World Diss. (1708) 34 Pumping a leaky Vessel. 1864Webster s.v., To pump a ship, to free it from water by means of a pump. 1890Ibid. s.v., They pumped the well dry. 1923Phil. Mag. XLVI. 724 The apparatus was pumped out and the residual gas removed as completely as possible. 1935Miller & Fink Neon Signs viii. 166 The average time required for pumping average lengths of tubing..is shown. 1936Physical Rev. L. 250/1 The tube was opened up for three days, then pumped down. 1952A. L. Reimann Vacuum Technique ii. 27 Seal-off constrictions are commonly made with a diameter of 6 mm. for pumping water-cooled valves. 1955Kirk & Othmer Encycl. Chem. Technol. XIV. 547 The tube is sealed onto the manifold of a vacuum system which is capable of pumping down the tube to the order of 10-7 mm. of mercury. 1959N. W. Robinson in A. S. D. Barrett Progress in Vacuum Sci. & Technol. 25/1 The advocates of oil pumps consider that the ability to pump down to 10-6–10-7 mm. Hg without a refrigerant outweighs the disadvantage..of oil contamination. 1971Sci. Amer. Aug. 114/1, I do not add the slurry until the system has been pumped to 10-2 torr. 1977Ibid. Jan. 80/2 To measure bearing balls for exoelectron emission would call for..putting the ball in a vacuum chamber, pumping the chamber down and hoping that all this would not interfere with exoelectron emission.
b. to pump ship (also pumpship), to urinate. colloq.
1788Grose Dict. Vulgar T. (ed. 2) s.v. Pump, To pump ship; to make water, and sometimes to vomit. Sea phrase. 1886H. Baumann Londinismen 147/1 To pump ship, sein Wasser abschlagen. 1922V. Woolf Let. 22 Oct. (1976) II. 572 Its on a par with not pump shipping before your wife. 1938J. Cary Castle Corner 163 The few passing guests who came now and then to smoke or to pumpship among the stacks. 1939W. Z. Foster Pages from Worker's Life iv. 175 He excused himself from the room with the remark that he had ‘to go and pump ship’. 1973‘D. Rutherford’ Kick Start i. 12 A couple of men had come in to pump ship at the stand-up urinals.
4. To put (any one) under a stream of water from a pump:
a. as a rough arbitrary punishment (in quot. 1838 intr. with upon);
b. in medical treatment; cf. also pumping vbl. n. ? Obs.
a.1632Brome Northern Lasse i. iv, A Divell in a most gentlewomanlike apparition. It had been well to have pumpd her. Is shee gone? 1642Ord. & Declar. both Ho., Lords Day 8 They conveyed him to the pump and pumpt him. 1676Shadwell Virtuoso ii. Wks. 1720 I. 345 Pump him soundly, impudent fellow! 1818Gentl. Mag. LXXXVIII. ii. 19/1 Publicly admonished for having been concerned in a riot, and in pumping a bailiff. 1838D. Jerrold Men of Char. I. viii. 251 Warn't you once pumped upon?..Nor never in the Stone Jug?
b.1631[see pump n.1 1 c]. 1631,1840[see pumping vbl. n.]. 1758Mrs. Delany in Life & Corr. (1861) III. 511 Advised him to go to the Bath to have his hip pumped.
5. to pump up: to inflate (a pneumatic tyre, or the like) by pumping air into it.
c1892colloq. I must pump up my bicycle first. 1903Motor Ann. 302 These tyres..are pumped up like an ordinary pneumatic.
II. Transferred and figurative senses.
6. a. To draw or force up or out, in a manner likened to the working of a pump; to move up, draw out, pour forth, or eject: said of the shedding of tears, the motion of the blood, the ejection of projectiles from a gun (especially a machine-gun), etc. Also freq., to force, inject, or pour (something) into (someone or something).
1604Dekker 1st Pt. Honest Wh. xiii. Wks. 1873 II. 72 Sheel pumpe water from her eyes..in faster showers, Then Aprill when he raines downe flowers. 1796H. Hunter tr. St.-Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) I. 152 The waters, which the Sun is there incessantly pumping up. 1888Lees & Clutterbuck Brit. Columbia xxx, Unmindful of the rifle-shots which Cardie..would keep pumping at them [geese]. 1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VII. 614 The blood is then pumped [by the heart] into the soft brain tissue. 1901St. J. Brodrick in Daily Graphic 14 Nov. 6/2 Undiluted censure has been pumped upon us for the burning of Boer houses. 1940War Illustr. 12 Apr. 367/3 The other six Messerschmitts were circling round him pumping bullets into his 'plane as fast as they could work the guns. 1947Sun (Baltimore) 15 Aug. 12/7 A gunman climbed on the running board of his car and pumped lead into him. 1953Times 31 Oct. 2/7 The atomic energy production division..will be ‘generating electrical power which would be pumped into the grid system within the next few years’. 1977A. Thwaite Portion for Foxes 23 Made separate..By actions pumping fear into my blood. 1978Guardian Weekly 29 Jan. 7/2 Moscow started pumping arms into Ethiopia.
b. absol. or intr.
1837Marryat Dog-fiend ix, She vow'd she was so happy that she pump'd with both her eyes. 1899Daily News 17 Nov. 7/5 Our men were exposed to fearful odds, especially with two quick-firers pumping at them. 1909Daily Chron. 22 Sept. 9/5 My head aches. It pumps and pumps and I can't think.
7. a. trans. To subject (a person or thing) to a process likened to pumping, with the object of extracting something; to obtain something from by persistent effort; also, to drain, exhaust.
1610B. Jonson Alch. iv. iii, You shall be emptied, Don; pumped, and drawne Drie, as they say. 1667J. Flavel Saint Indeed (1754) 137 Others must pump their memories. 1825Scott Betrothed Introd., The author, tired of pumping his own brains. 1881W. B. Jones in Macm. Mag. XLIV. 128 The farm is clean pumped out of capital once in every generation.
b. spec. To subject (a person) to such a process in order to elicit information; to ply with questions in an artful or persistent manner.
1656St. Papers, Dom. CXXX. 49 (P.R.O.), I know not what Mr Provost means by his directions to you; I have been pumping of him, but he..will tell me no more. 1659Clarke Papers (Camden) IV. 300 Fleetwood sent Deane..to Sir Art. Haslewrigg to pumpe him. 1751H. Walpole Lett. (1846) II. 398, I am going to pump Mr. Bentley for designs. 1886Besant Childr. Gibeon ii. xxx, Pumping the old lady, who willingly told all she knew.
8. a. To extract, raise, or bring forth by means likened to the working of a pump, i.e. by persistent or factitious effort or art. Cf. pumped ppl. a. 1.
1663Butler Hud. i. ii. 763 These words of Venom base Which thou hast from their native Place, Thy stomach, pump'd to fling on me. 1742Young Night Th. viii. 1322 O how laborious is their Gaiety! They scarce can..Pump sad Laughter, till the Curtain falls. 1809Malkin Gil Blas vii. v. ⁋6, I was no longer in a situation for him to pump anything out of me. 1905Westm. Gaz. 26 Aug. 3/2 After a good deal of pumping-up of indignation we reach the climax of the argument.
b. To elicit (information, etc.) by such means. Const. out of a person.
1633B. Jonson Tale Tub iv. iii, I'll stand aside whilst thou pump'st out of him His business. 1706Hearne Collect. 31 Jan. (O.H.S.) I. 174 The whole design..was..to pump and Fish some things out of them. 1852R. S. Surtees Sponge's Sp. Tour xiv, It..occurred to him, that he might pump something out of the servant about the family.
9. intr. To work or exert oneself in a way likened to pumping, to labour or strive:
a. for the obtaining or gaining of something.
1633Marmion Antiquary ii. i, Not to feed you With further hopes, or pump for more excuses. a1703Burkitt On N.T. John v. 43 [They should] rest satisfied in the secret testimony and silent applause of their own consciences, without pumping for popular applause. 1844Thackeray Crit. Rev. Wks. 1886 XXIII. 213 In endeavouring to account for his admiration, the critic pumps for words in vain.
b. for the eliciting of information.
1669W. Simpson Hydrol. Chym. 211 Expecting a..lecture of their disease to be read thereon [on urine] which many physicians make a shift to do, pumping with a few considerable previous queries. a1734North Exam. i. ii. §158 (1740) 119 So he goes on with his Friend Booth, pumping about this same Reward, but nothing, in certain, came out. 1847Disraeli Tancred ii. ix, ‘Well, are you in a hurry?’ said Lord Eskdale, gaining time, and pumping.
c. coarse slang. To copulate. Also trans., to copulate with (a woman).
1730in Farmer Merry Songs & Ballads (1897) II. 204, I work'd at her Pump till the Sucker grew dry, And then I left pumping, a good Reason why. 1937Partridge Dict. Slang 667/2 Pump, v., to coït with (a woman): low: C. 18–20; ob[solescent]. 1971R. K. Smith Ransom v. 223 They began to pump on the soft seat... ‘We never did it in no Caddy before,’ he whispered. 1973‘J. Patrick’ Glasgow Gang Observed xii. 108 Skidmarks had come by her name through the boys' practice of kicking her naked behind after they had ‘pumped’ her. 1976G. V. Higgins Judgement D. Hunter xiv. 159 He told me Shanley's pumping Dottie Deininger... Fine-looking woman.
10. To work with action like that of the handle or piston of a pump: see quots.a. trans. In simple use. Also, to shake (a person's hand, or a person by the hand) vigorously.
1803Trans. Soc. Arts XXI. 400 (Clock-making) The upper detent G being pumped off with the locking piece F, from the pins in the wheel A. 1912Mulford & Clay Buck Peters i. 14 ‘Tex!.. When did you get here? Going to stay?.. You look white—sick?’ ‘City color..,’ replied the other, still pumping the hand. ‘I'm goin' to stay.’ 1938M. K. Rawlings Yearling xii. 123 They pumped hands in greeting. a1951‘J. Hackston’ in Murdoch & Drake-Brockman Austral. Short Stories (1951) 230 He ebbed out looking swamped, with a big man pumping him up and down in a parting, very friendly handshake. 1958J. Courage in London Mag. Dec. 26 He pumped my hand pleasantly. 1969[see etic a.]. 1977Church Times 14 Jan. 5/1 Clasping my hand, and pumping it up and down whilst looking intensely into my eyes.
b. intr.
1887M. Roberts West. Avernus 241 A hand-car coming along..with some section hands working it along by means of the lever, ‘pumping’, as it is commonly called. 1888Amélie Rives Quick or Dead xx. (1889) 234 She found the organ unlocked, and thought she would see if she could get the sexton to pump for her. 1908C. F. Holder Big Game at Sea vii. 118 This is known as ‘pumping’ from the up-and-down motion of the rod..; after some practice the motion is readily acquired, and the fish brought in with astonishing celerity. 1928C. F. S. Gamble Story N. Sea Air Station xviii. 309 All submarines have a tendency to ‘pump’ in heavy seas, that is, they tend to move up and down in a vertical plane. 1938M. K. Rawlings Yearling xiv. 148 The road under him was a treadmill. His legs pumped up and down, but he seemed to be passing the same trees and bushes again and again. 1976N.Y. Times Mag. 12 Sept. 40/2 He [sc. a skateboard rider] pumped from cruise to speed, down the incline, faster until he felt almost weightless like a bird, spinning on wheels that really weren't there.
c. to pump iron, to exercise with weights as a form of fitness training or body-building technique. Also fig. colloq. (orig. U.S.).
1972C. Gaines Stay Hungry ii. 24, I just came up now to pump iron. 1976N.Y. Times 8 May 12/5 Arnold Schwarzenegger.., believed by many to have the world's most perfect male body, was pumping iron the other day at the Mid-City Gym. 1982S. Bellow Dean's December x. 195 Even his throat has muscles, a pillar throat. I think he pumps iron. 1983Fortune 12 Dec. 84/1 It just churned out minicomputers in the belief that the machines would sell on their merits... That strategy, known in the computer industry as pumping iron, worked spectacularly for two decades. 1986Times 10 May 16/7 Pumping iron behind the Iron Curtain is a relatively new development.
11. trans. To work up as with a pump; to excite. Also refl. (Cf. 5.)
1791F. Burney Let. 7 Nov. (1972) I. 77 She owns she found the greatest difficulty in pumping up decent expressions of concern. 1813M. Edgeworth Let. 1 May (1971) 36, I could not pump up any enthusiasm for them..I have no taste for these hideous old stones. 1844Thackeray Contrib. to Punch, Punch in East iii, I heard him roar out praises of, and pump himself up into enthusiasm for, certain Greek poetry.
12. To cause to pant violently for breath from excessive exertion; to put completely out of breath. Also with out. Usually in pass.
1858[see pumped ppl. a. 2]. 1880in Mrs. P. O'Donoghue Ladies on Horseback (1881) 317 A Mexican senora, whose favourite pace is a stretching gallop without cessation, until her steed is perfectly pumped out. 1887H. D. Traill in Macm. Mag. July 177/1 Their patience, which is already showing manifest signs of distress, will be completely ‘pumped’ before long. 1899F. V. Kirby Sport E.C. Africa iii. 36 Although pumped after our climb, we hurried across the plateau.
13. intr. Of the mercury in a barometer: To rise and fall instantaneously in the tube as a result of sudden local alterations of pressure or of mechanical disturbance.
1875Bedford Sailor's Pocket Bk. iv. (ed. 2) 79 note, Minute changes, unobservable..owing to the pumping of the quicksilver, when the motion of the ship is violent. 1905Edin. Rev. Jan. 230 When the wind rises in a typhoon, it blows in gusts and the mercury heaves in the barometer (‘pumps’ is the more usual expression).
14. intr. = hunt v. 7 b.
1901L. Bell Electric Power Transmission (ed. 3) vi. 227 Alternators in parallel are less likely to pump if they have solid poles. 1902[see hunt v. 7 b].
15. Physics. To raise (an atom or the like) into or into a higher energy state by irradiation, esp. so as to produce a population inversion and make the substance work as a laser; to excite (a substance or device) in this way. Cf. optical pumping s.v. optical a. 6.
1953Rev. Mod. Physics XXV. 175/1 The vapor is illuminated with circularly polarized light..to pump atoms from the ground state a, in which m = - ½, into state b, in which m = + ½. 1961Ann. Reg. 1960 396 The method of ‘pumping’ the electrons into their excited state had also to be changed for a continuous method. 1973Sci. Amer. June 52/3 Most substances can be pumped with just the fundamental and second-harmonic pulses emitted by these two lasers. 1973Physics Bull. July 419/3 Perhaps the most important recent development has been the successful operation of the cw rhodamine 6G dye laser, pumped by an argon-ion laser. 1975Nature 28 Aug. 695/2 Laser action over the range 2·5 to 2·9 µm was achieved using the Fa(II) centre in lithium-doped potassium chloride pumped by a krypton ion laser at 647·1 nm.
III. 16. Comb. pump- is used to qualify names of mechanical contrivances in which an essential part moves out and in, like the plunger of a force-pump, as pump-centre, pump-cylinder, pump-drill, pump jack, pump-screw, pump-spring; pump drill, a primitive drill in which the shaft is rotated by sliding up and down a cross-piece to which is attached a cord that winds and unwinds about the shaft; pump gun orig. N. Amer., a rifle having a tubular magazine and a sliding forearm; so pump-gunner.
1884F. J. Britten Watch & Clockm. 83 Although the plate may be set true with the pump centre, it is liable to be drawn a little in fixing. Ibid. 216 [The] Pump Cylinder..[is] a sliding telescopic gauge used by chronometer makers for taking heights.
1865Tylor Early Hist. Man. ix. 243 A curious little contrivance, known to English tool⁓makers as the ‘pump-drill’. 1964W. L. Goodman Hist. Woodworking Tools 180 Another primitive method still in use by..natives of New Guinea is the pump drill,..with a flywheel made of stone. 1974P. W. Blandford Country Craft Tools viii. 116 Pump drills were used by many craftsmen.
1906Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 16 Jan. 10/5 He was using a Winchester pump gun, and in the operation of loading, the gun was fired, the charge striking the left foot. 1970D. Dodge Hatchetman viii. 101 A guard with a pumpgun across his knees sat cross-legged on the floor. 1976Shooting Times & Country Mag. 18–24 Nov., The 16-bore Model 12 is a durable weapon of reasonable weight, very easy to hit with (and to the pumpgunner, at least, having positively classical lines!).
1970J. Blackburn Land of Promise v. 74, I had not bought Unzicker's small gasoline engine and pump jack at the sale. 1973Times 1 Dec. 2/3 The Kimmeridge pump jack, familiarly known in the trade as a nodding donkey, seesaws steadily on.
1825J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 497, M, the pump spring to the detent.
1901J. Black's Carp. & Build., Scaffolding 52 Two sets of uprights are used, one set having pump screws and the other being provided with wedges.
▪ IV. pump, int.
[Echoic.]
A sound so represented; adv., with this sound: see quot.
1897Westm. Gaz. 8 June 2/1 A certain number [of bullets] with great regularity went pum—pum—pump into the earth⁓work. |