| 释义 |
pumpkin|ˈpʌm(p)kɪn|
Also 7–9 pompkin, 8–9 pumkin, 9 (U.S.) punkin.
[An altered form of pumpion (see pompion), with the ending conformed to the suffix -kin. In U.S. the m is often further assimilated to the k, the word being pronounced (ˈpʌŋkɪn), and sometimes spelt punkin, esp. in comb.]
1. a. The large fruit of a cucurbitaceous plant (Cucurbita Pepo), egg-shaped or nearly globular with flattened ends; widely cultivated for the fleshy edible layer next to the rind, which is used in cookery, esp. for pies, and as a food for cattle; in U.S. applied spec. to particular varieties in distinction from the squash.
[1647Ward Simp. Cobler 67 He would come over to us, to helpe recruite our pumpkin blasted braines.] 1670D. Denton Descr. New York (1845) 3 Tobacco, Hemp, Flax, Pumpkins, Melons, &c. 1706Phillips, Pompion or Pumpkin, a sort of Fruit of the nature of Melons. 1712tr. Pomet's Hist. Drugs I. 155 Cotton-Seeds, made like those of Pumkins. 1833L. Ritchie Wand. by Loire 63 A single pumpkin could furnish a fortnight's pottage. 1852Carlyle Misc. Ess., The Opera VII. 127 A born nigger with mere appetite for pumpkin.
b. The plant producing this fruit; a trailing annual, growing often to a great length, having heart-shaped five-lobed leaves, and flowers of a deep yellow. Also called pumpkin-vine.
1698Fryer E. India & P. 105 Planted with..Pompkins, Cucumbers, Gourds. 1729Dampier's Voy. III. 455 Great Pumkin, its fruit striated, round, but somewhat flattish, mixt with white and red, but within yellow. 1877A. B. Edwards Up Nile xvii. 463 A wall of enclosure overgrown with wild pumpkins.
2. fig.
a. Applied contemptuously to the body or person; hence ‘a stupid, self-important person’ (Funk's Stand. Dict.). Cf. pompion 3.
1830Galt Lawrie T. ii. i, But I ain't a pumpkin, the Squire he knows that. 1878L. Villari Life & Times Machiavelli (1898) II. ix. 332, I wish to rid myself of this pumpkin of a body. 1885R. Bridges Nero ii. i, I'll let Rome know how pumpkin Claudius died [cf. pumpkinification below].
b. U.S. slang. A person or matter of importance; esp. in phrase some pumpkins (or punkins).
1846Spirit of Times 25 Apr. 97/1 The skins, Indian relics, etc. are ‘some punkins’ and no mistake. a1848G. F. Ruxton Far West 178 Afore I left the settlements I know'd a white gal, and she was some punkins. 1849[see lagniappe]. 1852Bristed Upper Ten Thousand 216 We being punkins were of course among the invited. [Note] A slang expression of young New York for people of value and consequence. 1859Harper's New Monthly Mag. Sept. 569/2 Gin'ral! you're some punkins! 1887Daily News 10 Mar. 3/1 Driving..from Piccadilly to Hammersmith, he [H. W. Beecher] quaintly said: ‘London is some pumkins, I tell you’—a profound Americanism, which is supposed to convey a wholly unutterable approbation and surprise. 1903McClure's Mag. XXI. 330/1 He was some pumpkin both in politics and color, and the friend of me and Jones. 1913J. London Valley of Moon (1916) iii. vii. 380 Say, friend, you're some punkins at a hundred yards dash, ain't you? 1930E. Pound XXX Cantos xii. 54 Go to hell Apovitch, Chicago aint the whole punkin. 1975Publishers Weekly 21 July 67/3 New England, where the Boston radio team of Eddie Andelman, Jim McCarthy and Mark Witkin is evidently considered some punkins.
3. A sea-cucumber. (Eastern U.S. local.)
1897Kipling Capt. Cour. iv. 102 Stripping the sea-cucumbers that they called pumpkins.
4. attrib. and Comb., as pumpkin butter, pumpkin-chip (chip n.1 2 b), pumpkin-eater, pumpkin ground, pumpkin kind, pumpkin patch, pumpkin pudding, pumpkin-shell, pumpkin soup, pumpkin-vine; pumpkin-coloured, pumpkin orange, pumpkin-purple, pumpkin yellow adjs.; pumpkin gourd = sense 1; pumpkin lantern, a lantern made of the rind of a pumpkin hollowed out so as to be translucent; pumpkin pie, a pie of which pumpkin is a chief ingredient; in U.S. considered especially appropriate to Thanksgiving day; pumpkin pine U.S., a variety of the white pine, Pinus strobus; also, the timber from this tree.
1893M. A. Owen Voodoo Tales 6 The place of the vegetables was taken by..little jars of a villainous sweet compound of pumpkin stewed with watermelon-juice and known to all as ‘*punkin-butter’.
1862T. W. Higginson Army Life (1870) 21 Preserves made of *pumpkin-chips.
1873‘Susan Coolidge’ What Katy did at Sch. 12 She saw a big, *pumkin-coloured house.
1918N. & Q. 12th Ser. IV. 189/1 Peter, Peter, *pumpkin-eater, Had a wife and couldn't keep her. Had another, didn't love her, Causing instantaneous bother. 1962Punch 31 Oct. 648/1 Jake is the pumpkin eater of the title [of a novel]; he tries to put his wife in a pumpkin shell to keep her very well, as the old rhyme says, and it is this that precipitates the crisis.
1822Hortus Anglicus II. 515 Cucurbita Pepo, Pompion, or *Pumpkin Gourd.
1799Washington Writ. (1893) XIV. 223 The large lot..is to have oats sown on the potato and *pumpkin ground.
1745Pococke Descr. East II. i. 181 A dish of the *pumkin kind, dressed after their way.
184.Lowell Biglow P. Ser. i. v, Something more than a *pumpkin-lantern is required to scare manifest and irretrievable Destiny out of her path.
1974L. Koenig Little Girl xix. 224 A waitress..wearing a *pumpkin-orange uniform.
1935Z. N. Hurston Mules & Men i. iv. 99 Out dat door John come like a streak of lightning. All across de *punkin patch, thru de cotton over de pasture.
1654E. Johnson Wonder-working Providence of Sions Saviour in New England 174 This poor Wilderness hath..quince tarts instead of their former *Pumpkin Pies. 1784P. M. Freneau Poems (1786) 389 Systems they built on pumpkin pies, And prov'd that every thing went round. 1817J. Palmer Jrnl. Trav. U.S. (1818) 241 Two dishes..peculiar to New England,..toast dipped in cream and pumpkin pie. 1844Whittier Pumpkin 24 Ah! on Thanksgiving day..What calls back the past, like the rich Pumpkin pie? 1894Daily News 29 Nov. 6/3 A very favourite dish, especially among the poorer classes of America, is pumpkin pie—pronounced ‘punkin’. 1907St. Nicholas May 615/2 Pumpkin pies and strawberry shortcake were also introduced to the French palate and found good.
1809Kendall Trav. III. 145 Of the white pine the lumberers distinguish two varieties, one of which they call *punkin pine... The name punkin (pompion) they employ on account of the softness and fine grain of the wood. 1851J. S. Springer Forest Life & Forest Trees 41 The pumpkin Pine is generally found on flat land and in ravines. 1907Springfield (Mass.) Weekly Republ. 29 Aug. 15 The virgin white pine has practically disappeared from New England and huge ‘pumpkin pines’ four and five feet in diameter are now a matter of tradition. 1941B. A. Williams Strange Woman vii. 576 It was an old pumpkin pine... It was better than six feet through, where I tackled it, about four feet from the ground. 1947E. H. Paul Linden on Saugus Branch 187 The solid old flooring of pumpkin pine, strewn with sawdust, rumbled and clicked beneath the tread of seamen's boots. 1951E. M. Graham My Window looks down East vii. 65 On the punkin pine bureau, which shines almost as golden as the heart I'd taken from the tree, were two bunches of flowers.
1805Indep. Chron. 26 Dec. 3/1 Clams and oysters, succa⁓touch and *pumpkin puddings, turkies, ducks, [etc.]. 1841A. M. Maxwell Run through U.S. during Autumn of 1840 I. 81 Real, genuine, Yankee, new England, pumpkin pudding.
1898C. K. Paul tr. Huysman's En Route ii. 27 Clad in robes of gamboge,..gooseberry-red, *pumpkin-purple and wine lees.
1837Hawthorne Twice-told T. (1851) I. v. 81 Crop it [hair] forthwith, and that in the true *pumpkin-shell fashion. 1844Whittier Pumpkin 32 Telling tales of the fairy who travelled like steam, In a pumpkin-shell coach, with two rats for her team! 1867Baker Nile Tribut. ix. (1872) 142 He had patches upon his cranium as bald as a pumpkin shell.
1884Cottage Hearth Apr. 189/1 *Pumpkin Soup. Cut the inside and edible part of the pumpkin into large dice. 1955Caribbean Q. IV. ii. 102 After the First Communion, there is a fete for each child, with toasts in vermouth, sheepshead and pumpkin soup.
1810M. Cutler Jrnl. 9 July (1888) II. 343 Saw the cactus grandiflora, or night-flowering cereus... The plant has a long stem, resembling a *pumpkin-vine, but no leaves. 1840J. Buel Farmer's Comp. 67 Weeds, potato and pumpkin vines, and other vegetable matters. 1909F. B. Calhoun Miss Minerva & William Green Hill xiii. 106 How's he going to sit under a pumpkin vine when he's inside of a whale? 1962S. Wynter Hills of Hebron iii. 42 Withered pumpkin vines..littered the earth.
1912J. Webster Daddy-Long-Legs 173 Mr. Weaver has painted his barn..a bright *pumpkin yellow.
Hence (nonce-wds.) ˈpumpkinish a., resembling or akin to a pumpkin; ˈpumpkinism, ? pompous behaviour or language; pumpˈkinity, the nature or quality of a pumpkin (after divinity); also pumpkinifiˈcation [suggested by the travesty (ascribed to Seneca) of the apotheosis of the Roman emperor Claudius Cæsar under the title of ‘apocolocyntosis’, Gr. ἀποκολοκύντωσις transformation into a pumpkin, f. κολοκύνθη pumpkin], ˈpumpkinify v., ˈpumpkinize v., to make a pumpkin of, dyslogistic terms for extravagant or absurdly uncritical glorification.
1856Merivale Rom. Emp. V. l. 602 note, Seneca wrote a satire on the deification of Claudius to which he gave the name of Apocolocyntosis (or *pumpkinification). 1904Spectator 15 Oct. 559/1 The writer..has..given us, not an apotheosis, but a pumpkinification of the Emperor William II.
1899Athenæum 8 July 71/3 The unhappy Emperor Claudius, who has gone down to posterity as mercilessly ‘*pumpkinified’ by Seneca.
1884Sat. Rev. 6 Dec. 721/1 The phrases whereby the *pumpkinifier constructs his pumpkin.
1849Carlyle Misc. Ess., Nigger Question (1872) VII. 101 All this fruit..so far beyond the merely *pumpkinish and grossly terrene, lies in the West India lands.
a1835Mrs. Hemans in H. F. Chorley Mem. (1837) II. 18 There will be an outpouring of spirit of *Pumpkinism upon me the moment I get back.
1856Merivale Rom. Emp. V. l. 601 The senate decreed his divinity, Seneca translated it into *pumpkinity.
Add:[2.] c. As an endearment, esp. for children. (Also with hypocoristic suffix -s2.) U.S. colloq.
1942Berrey & Van den Bark Amer. Thes. Slang §185/2 Terms of endearment,..pumpkins. 1980Verbatim Summer 18/1 Edible terms as endearments... Punkin. 1987J. Wilcox Miss Undine's Living Room ii. 23 Listen, pumpkin, I thought you ought to know. |