| 释义 |
saponification|səˌpɒnɪfɪˈkeɪʃən|
[a. F. saponification, f. saponifier saponify v.: see -fication.]
a. The process of saponifying; the decomposition of a fat by the addition of an alkali which combines with its fatty acids to form a soap, the remaining constituent, glycerine, being consequently liberated.
1821Ure Dict. Chem. s.v. Fat, Saponification by potash. 1836–41Brande Chem. (ed. 5) 1137 The general results of saponification. 1884J. Paton in Encycl. Brit. XVII. 740/2 The saponification of stearin with sodic hydrate.
b. saponification equivalent, a ‘term signifying the number of grammes of any oil saponified by one gramme of an alkali’ (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1897); now usu. defined in terms of the amount of alkali required to saponify a particular quantity of oil, spec. the number of milligrammes of potassium hydroxide required by one gramme of oil; also saponification number, saponification value.
1877in Moloney Forestry W. Afr. (1887) 49 Saponification equivalent [of palm oil from] Brass 280·2. 1895Pearmain & Moor Aids to Analysis of Food & Drugs 89 The saponification value of an oil may be stated in terms of alkali absorbed per cent., or the number of grammes of the oil which would be saponified by one litre of normal solution of alkali, which is usually known as the ‘saponification equivalent’. 1896Analyst XXI. 192 The ether value thus obtained, added to the acid value, gave the saponification number. 1944Industrial & Engin. Chem. (Analytical Ed.) XVI. 53 The indicator..is therefore recommended for use in the determination of acid numbers and saponification equivalents. 1946F. Schneider Qualitative Organic Microanalysis vi. 163 For the identification of the acid portion of the ester use the titrated solution from the determination of the saponification equivalent. 1964C. J. Boner Gear & Transmission Lubricants iii. 68 The saponification number divided by two will give a close approximation of the percentage of fat in a compounded oil. 1975Materials & Technol. VIII. i. 17 The saponification value..expressed as the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide required to saponify one gram of fat.
c. (See quot. 1877.)
1877Littlejohn in Encycl. Brit. VII. 475/1 On the other hand, in cool weather the progress of liquefaction [of a corpse] is arrested, and the soft parts become solidified, owing to their conversion into adipocire, a peculiar kind of animal soap. To this stage..Devergie gives the name of saponification. 1882Tidy Legal Med. I. 115 Partial saponification may be expected..after three months' submersion in water, and after twelve months' burial in earth. |