| 释义 |
‖ punalua Anthrop.|punaˈlua|
[Hawaiian.]
A relationship term formerly denoting spouses who shared a wife or husband and used by L. H. Morgan in his theory of the evolution of kinship systems for a form of group marriage, assumed by him to have replaced promiscuity and preceded exogamy, in which wives' sisters and husbands' brothers were considered spouses. Hence punaˈluan a.
1860L. Andrews in L. H. Morgan Anc. Society (1877) iii. iii. 427 The relationship of pŭnalŭa is rather amphibious [sic]. It arose from the fact that two or more brothers with their wives or two or more sisters with their husbands, were inclined to possess each other in common. 1877L. H. Morgan Anc. Society iii. iii. 424 The Punaluan family has existed in Europe, Asia, and America within the historical period. Ibid. 428 All the sisters of his wife, own as well as collateral, are also his wives. But the husband of his wife's sister he calls pŭnalŭa, i.e., his intimate companion. 1889C. S. Wake Marriage & Kinship ii. 23 The punaluan group can, as will be shown hereafter, be accounted for satisfactorily without assuming the prior existence of the consanguine family. 1915Amer. Anthrop. XVII. 223 He does attribute the change from the older Malayan to the later and more common Turanian form of the system to punaluan marriage as a predecessor of the institution of exogamy and to exogamy itself. 1922B. Malinowski in Nature 22 Apr. 502/2 Starting from promiscuity, mankind went through group marriage, then the so-called consanguineous family or Punalua, then polygamy. 1940West & Torr tr. Engels's Origin of Family (1942) ii. 39 The American system of consanguinity..finds, down to the smallest details, its..natural foundation in the punaluan family. Ibid. 42 The origin of the matriarchal gens could be derived directly from the punaluan family. 1970K. Millett Sexual Politics ii. iii. 111 A succession of sexual associations: promiscuity, group marriage, the consanguineous family, the Punalua. Ibid. 120 The first course of social change as Engels had charted it was from consanguine group marriage, to the Punaluan consanguine group. |