| 释义 |
▪ I. blush, v.1|blʌʃ|
Pa. tense and pple. blushed, blusht |blʌʃt|. Forms: 4–6 blusche, blusshe, 4 blosche, 4–5 blysche, 5 blushe, 6 bluss, 6– blush. (Rare pa. tense in 5 blist = blyscht).
[Evidently related to a series of words found in Old Norse and Low German, but not known in OHG. or Gothic, pointing back to a stem *blū̆si- from verbal root *blū̆s- in sense of ‘burn, glow, be red’. Cf. OE. *blysian in ablisian to blush, ablysung, ablysᵹung ‘redness of confusion, shame’, with MDu. blōzen, blözen (from earlier bleuzen), Du. blozen to blush, blos (formerly bleus) blush, MLG. blosen, bloschen; also OE. blysa wk. masc., blysiᵹe wk. fem., ON. blys neut. ‘torch’ (Sw. bloss torch, blossa to blaze, Da. blus torch, blusse to blaze, to blush), LG. blüse flame, blüsen to set on fire, bleusteren to inflame, glow, become red. The nearest relatives of ME. blusche, blosche, blysche, are app. MLG. bloschen, LG. blüsken (Brem. Wb. I. 105): and its antecedent form is perhaps to be found in OE. blyscan, bliscan ‘rutilare’ (in the Aldhelm Glosses, Mone Q. und F. 355): but its comparatively late appearance in ME., apparently first in the north, its various vowel-forms, and the doubtful relations of the senses, esp. sense 2, all combine to leave the history of the word very obscure. OE. blyscan, bliscan, has also been conjectured to be for *blicsian, from root *blik- to shine, in which case it would not be related to the blū̆si- words, nor to ME. blusche. (The Da. deponent blues to blush, may also be compared.)]
(The order of the senses is uncertain; with 1 and 2 cf. blink.)
†1. intr. To shine forth. (in allit. poetry.) Obs.
c1340Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 1817 Þat bere blusschande bemez, as þe bryȝt sunne. c1400Destr. Troy 4665 The bremnes abatid; blusshit the sun.
†2. To cast a glance, glance with the eye, give a look. (in allit. poetry.) Obs.
c1325E.E. Allit. P. B. 998 Ho blusched hir bihynde, þaȝ hir forboden were. Ibid. C. 343 Þe bonk þat he blosched to, & bode hym bisyde. a1400Morte Arth. 116 The kynge blyschit one the beryne with his brode eghne. c1400Ywaine & Gaw. 3163 The lioun bremely on tham blist. c1400Destr. Troy 1316 He blusshed ouer backeward to þe brode see. c1450Merlin xvi. 259 [Thei] ne wiste no worde till sodeinly thei blusshed vpon a grete parte of saisnes.
b. to blush to the earth: to glance to the earth, i.e. to fall face downwards.
c1450Merlin vii. 120 The stroke descended on the horse..and ydiers and his horse blusshet to the erthe. Ibid. 137 Thei smot so v of the first that thei metten that thei blushit to the erthe.
c. to blush on: to approach in look or appearance. Cf. blush n. 3.
c1530Ld. Berners Arth. Lyt. Bryt. (1814) 381 A lyghte kyrtell of chaungeable vyolet tartorne, somewhat blusshynge on a red coloure.
3. intr. To become red in the face, (usually) from shame or modesty; to ‘colour up’. Often with compl. to blush red, etc., also with cogn. object.
c1450Crt. Love clxxii, Shamefastnes was there..That blushed red, and durst not ben aknow She lover was. 1514Barclay Cyt. & Uplondyshm. (1847) 11 Anone she blusshed, revolvynge in her mynde..That it was token of to great carnall lust. c1532Ld. Berners Huon 550 She changed coloure and blussyd as rudy as a rose. Ibid. 286 He blusshed in the face for the gret yre that he was in. 1588Shakes. Tit. A. v. i. 122, What canst thou say all this and neuer blush? 1611Bible Jer. vi. 15. 1667 Milton P.L. viii. 511 To the Nuptial Bowre I led her blushing like the Morn. 1709Pope Ess. Crit. 545 And virgins smiled at what they blushed before. 1769Junius Lett. xxxv. 153 That prince..used..to blush for his..ignorance. 1828Scott F.M. Perth III. 53 Catharine blushes a blush of anger. 1872Darwin Emotions xiii. 311 The young blush much more freely than the old. Women blush much more than men..The tendency to blush is inherited. 1882Besant All Sorts 137 She blushed a pretty rose red.
fig.1750Gray Elegy xiv, Full many a flower is born to blush unseen.
†b. To look on with a blush. Obs.
1593Shakes. Lucr. 1339 Blushing on her.
c. trans. With extended force: To express, exhibit, make known by blushing. Chiefly poetic.
1592Warner Alb. Eng. viii. xli. 201 She blush't out beauty. 1611Shakes. Wint. T. iv. iv. 595 Ile blush you Thanks. 1651Fuller Abel Rediv. 224 Many unworthy Schollars..whose scarlet Gowns might seeme to blush the wearers Ignorance. 1800Moore Anacreon lxiii. 4 The boy, who breathes and blushes flowers! 1855Tennyson Maud xvii. 16 Pass the happy news, Blush it through the West.
d. To make or turn into, out of, by blushing.
1636R. Durham in Ann. Dubrensia (1877) 55 Whom chast Diana blusht into a beast. 1660Fuller Mixt Contempl. (1841) 188 They will blush themselves out of their former follies. a1848Marryat R. Reefer xx, I should blush myself black in the face.
4. fig. To be ashamed. Const. inf., at or for.
1530Palsgr. 459/1, I blusshe, I waxe ashamed. 1583Stubbes Anat. Abus. ii. 33, I blush to tell you. 1593Shakes. 2 Hen. VI, ii. iv. 48 Be thou milde, and blush not at my shame. 1692Bentley Boyle Lect. vii. 241 So monstrous an Absurdity, as even They will blush to be charged with. 1734Bolingbroke in Swift's Lett. (1766) II. 199, I do not blush to own, that I am out of fashion. 1791Burke Corr. (1844) III. 332 As one of the people, I blush for what has followed. 1871Freeman Hist. Ess. Ser. i. iii. 76.
5. transf. To become or be red, or roseate.
1679Est. Test. 38 If our streets..should blush with the blood of Massacred Protestants. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. ii. 601 Trees of Nature..with red Berries blush. 1791–1824D'Israeli Cur. Lit. (1866) 523/1 Hills..blushing with vines. 1866B. Taylor Thro' Baltimore Poems 402 The streets..Blushed with their children's gore. 1866Alger Solit. Nat. & Man i. 19 Whole orchards of apple-blossoms blush in correspondence.
6. trans. To make red.
1593Shakes. 2 Hen. VI, iii. ii. 167 Ne're returneth, To blush and beautifie the Cheeke againe. 1747T. Gibbons Elegy xiii. in Doddridge Col. Gardiner App. ii. 216 A Robe of spotless White, But where the Saviour's flowing Vein Had blush'd it with a sanguine Stain. 1820Keats St. Agnes xxiv, A shielded scutcheon blushed with blood of queens and kings.
▪ II. blush, n. (a.)|blʌʃ|
[f. the vb.: cf. Du. blos.]
A. n.
†1. A gleam, a blink. Obs.
c1340Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 520 A blysful blusch of þe bryȝt sunne. 1661Burney κέρδ. Δῶρον 4 Their Prerogative, which is not a blush from the people, but 'tis a beam resultant from Gods Majestie, and reflects upon the people for their good.
2. A glance, glimpse, blink, look. Obs. exc. in phr. at, on, etc. (the) first blush: at the first glance.
a1375Joseph Arim. 657 Aftur þe furste blusch we ne miȝte him biholden. c1530Ld. Berners Arth. Lyt. Bryt. (1814) 494 As the emperour loked in at a windowe..he had a blushe of Florence. a1563Bale Sel. Wks. (1849) 572 The two horns are like the lambs horns at a blush. 1583Stubbes Anat. Abus. ii. 7 Hir Grace is..able at the first blush to discearne truth from falsehood. 1611Bp. Andrewes Serm. Nativity vi. Wks. 1841 I. 94 Vidimus. And that not..‘at a blush’, passing by; but had a full sight. 1624Bedell Lett. v. 82 This discourse hath a prettie shew at the first blush. 1629Quarles Argalus & P. i. 33 And at first blush, she seemes, as if it were Some curious statue on a Sepulchre. a1641Bp. R. Montagu Acts & Mon. 402 Looking pale, wan, and meagre, that men might say of them, at the blush, This man fasts to day. 1838G. S. Faber Inquiry 308 The very vagueness of the allegation..may well, even on the first blush, induce a full presumption that, etc. 1844Disraeli Coningsby ii. i. 58 At the first blush, it would seem that little difficulties could be experienced. 1886Bibliotheca Sacra XLIII. 618 This sounds, at first blush, very neat, if not even very profound. 1955Times 11 May 18/1 It may, at first blush, seem invidious to single out anyone in particular for special comment.
†3. A look, appearance, resemblance. Obs. exc. dial. In Bk. St. Albans a ‘company’ of boys.[1486Bk. St. Albans F vi b, A blush of boyes.] 1620N. Brent Hist. Counc. Trent (1676) 204 Which followed..without any blush of absurdity. 1640Fuller Joseph's Coat (1867) 13 Reports relish of their relators, and have a blush and a smack of their partial dispositions. [1824Craven Dialect 15 Shoe wod a hed a feaful blush of her mother.] 4. a. The reddening of the face caused by shame, modesty, or other emotion.
1593Shakes. 3 Hen. VI, iii. iii. 97 Bewray thy Treason with a Blush. 1599― Hen. V, v. ii. 253 Put off your Maiden Blushes. 1718Pope Iliad iv. 403 The hero's warmth o'erspread His cheek with blushes. 1828Wordsw. Triad, But her blushes are joy-flushes. 1876Geo. Eliot Dan. Der. III. xxxv. 37 A blush is no language: only a dubious flag-signal which may mean either of two contradictories.
b. to put to the blush: to cause to blush, put to shame.
1649Selden Laws Eng. i. iv. (1739) 10 They do it with that solemn reverence as may put all the Christian world to the blush. 1711J. Distaff Char. Don Sacheverellio 7 It has put to the blush..the best Performances of an Apelles. 1858Hawthorne Fr. & It. Jrnls. (1872) I. 11 Puts London to the blush, if a blush could be seen on its dingy face.
5. transf. A rosy colour or glow, as that of the dawn; in wider sense, a flush of light or of colour.
1590Greene Arcadia (1616) 70 Pleusidippus..seeing Samela come foorth like the blush in the morning. 1618Dekker Owles Alman., And the Vintners latisses must haue a new blush. 1667Milton P.L. xi. 184 Aire suddenly eclips'd, After short blush of Morn. a1773Lyttelton Uncertainty i. (R.) And light's last blushes ting'd the distant hills. 1850A. Jameson Leg. Monast. Ord. (1863) 313 The little cemetery..all one blush of roses.
B. adj. (or the n. used attrib.) Of the colour of a blush.
1633Gerard's Herbal ii. lxviii. 357 A pale purple tending to a blush colour. 1665–76Ray Flora 82 Flowers..white, a little inclining to blush. 1699Wafer in Phil. Trans. LV. 51 Some tincture of a blush or sanguine complexion. 1882Garden 1 Apr. 223/2 Blossoms of a delicate blush tint.
C. Comb., as blush-pink, blush-white; blush-coloured, blush-compelling, blush-making, blush-tinted adjs.; blush-rose, a variety of rose of a very delicate pink; also attrib. or as adj.
1626Bacon Sylva §513 Blossomes Blush-Coloured. 1713J. Petiver in Phil. Trans. XXVIII. 37 Beautiful Blush-coloured Flowers.
1924Spectator 12 Apr. 604/1 Otherwise we should have been spared those blush-making passages. 1944T. Rattigan While Sun Shines iii. i, Some idiotic, blushmaking, sentimental slush.
1629Parkinson Parad. cix. 420 The flowers are small single blush Roses, of little or no sent at all. 1707Mortimer Husb. xviii. 478 The Blush Rose, that differs in nothing from the other [sc. White Rose], but in the Colour of the Flowers. 1811W. Spencer Poems 71 Pillow'd on her blush-rose bed. 1888W. D. Hay Blood xi. 47 Soft dimpling blush-rose cheeks.
1818Keats Endym. i. 619 Blush-tinted cheeks, half smiles, and faintest sighs.
1882Garden 18 Nov. 451/3 Large, broad-sepaled flowers, blush-white.
▸ A (type of) pale pink, usually sweet, wine made from red grapes using the techniques associated with white wines. Freq. attrib. Cf. rosé n.2
1979Washington Post (Nexis) 30 Aug. e4 Some wines that made a favorable impression at the Park, Bensinger tasting were Bandiera's 1977 gamay;..Mill Creek's 1975 cabernet sauvignon and 1978 cabernet blush. 1985N.Y. Times Mag. 24 Feb. 63 The wine is not white. It's somewhere between white and rosé, a category the industry has christened ‘blush wines.’ 1992Independent 20 Aug. 29/4 The indigenous and much-maligned zinfandel, which can produce fine red wines but which is now used mainly for sweet ‘blush’ pink wines, may all but disappear. 2005Herald News (Passaic County, New Jersey) (Nexis) 20 Nov. (Life section) e1 If a couple brings you a $20 bottle of Shiraz, opt to serve that rather than the blush you bought for $7.99 at the supermarket. |