| 释义 |
▪ I. bluster, v.|ˈblʌstə(r)|
Also 4–5 blostre, 4–6 blustre, 6 blaster.
[It is very doubtful whether the obsolete ME. sense 1 has any connexion with the later word in the other senses. With the former Mätzner compares the LG. blustern, blistern ‘to flutter or flap the wings in alarm like a frightened dove, etc.’, which perhaps may be a parallel onomatopœia. The 16th c. word has evident relations both in form and sense with the verbs blow, blaze v.2, and blast: cf. especially ON. blástr n. ‘blast, breath, blowing, hissing’ with the form blasterand in G. Douglas (= blustering ppl. a.). Prof. Skeat also compares an East Frisian blüstern to bluster, from blüssen to blow, akin to blasen; and it is worthy of note that the Sc. pronunciation is (blystə(r)). But evidence is wanting as to the actual introduction of the word about 1500.]
I. The ME. verb.
†1. intr. To wander or stray (or ? to rush) blindly or aimlessly. Obs. Cf. blunder v. 3.
c1325E.E. Allit. P. B. 886 Þay blustered as blynde as bayard watz euer. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. v. 521 Ac þere was wyȝte non so wys þe wey þider couthe, But blustreden [1393 blostrede] forth as bestes ouer bankes and hilles.
II. The modern verb.
2. a. intr. Of the wind: To blow boisterously or with stormy violence. Also said of water agitated by wind or flood.
1530Palsgr. 459/1 This wynde blustereth a pace. 1579Gosson Apol. Sch. Abuse (Arb.) 65 The wynde blustereth about the hilles yet can not remove them from their place. 1621–31Laud Serm. (1847) 207 If God provide not a fence for this light of justice against the winds of temptation that bluster about it. 1725Pope Odyss. xii. 342 Loud winds arise, Lash the wild surge, and bluster in the skies. 1842Tennyson Dream Fair Women 38 When to land Bluster the winds and tides the self-same way. 1863Baring-Gould Iceland 118 The winter storms began to bluster up the glen.
b. fig. of the storm or tempest of the passions.
1549Coverdale Erasm. Par. James 25 Whan the storme of sorowes cometh blustreing in. 1645Bp. Hall Content. 109 The..passions which daily bluster within us.
c. trans. To blow about, disarray, dishevel. rare. † to bluster down: to blow down with violence (obs.).
16..Seasonable Serm. 26 (T.) Doth the devil, by a tempestuous gust, bluster down the house? 1876G. Meredith Beauch. Career II. iii. 42 A south-western autumnal gale..made threads of Cecilia's shorter locks..blustering the curls that streamed..from the silken band.
†3.
a. intr. Of persons: To blow, breathe hard.
1530Palsgr. 459/1 He blustereth as thoughe he had laboured sore.
†b. Of a wind-instrument: To blow or blast boisterously. Obs.
a1590Randolph in M'Crie Life Knox ii. 41 Six hundred trumpets continually blustering in our ears.
4. trans. To utter with a blast, or with stormy violence and noise. Usually with out or forth.
a1535More Wks. 374 He bloweth and blustereth out at last his abhominable blasphemy. 1548Cranmer Catech. 23 These more then deuylish swerers..do blowe & bluster oute of theyr vngodly mouthes such blasphemies. 1604T. Wright Passions iv. i. 110 Foolish mouths..bluster foorth follies. 1891C. Graves Field of Tares 181 He blustered out another oath as he looked at her. 1913W. Owen Let. 2 Nov. (1967) 205 She blustered ‘it was now too late to go out!’ 1955A. Clarke Later Poems (1961) 48 A child of clay Had blustered it away.
5. a. intr. Of persons: To storm or rage boisterously; to talk with inflated violence; to utter loud empty menaces or protests, to hector, play the bully.
a1494–1631 [see blustering vbl. n.1 2]. 1633T. Adams Exp. 2 Peter i. 18 There stalks pride, blustering through the streets. a1688Villiers (Dk. Buckhm.) Milit. Couple Wks. (1775) 128 Sir John..swore and bluster'd like a hero in one of our modern tragedies. a1690Bp. Hopkins Wks. 739 (R.) When they storm and bluster at the difficulties of salvation. 1773Johnson Lett. 79 (1788) I. 136 Boswell blustered, but nothing could be got. 1835Marryat Jac. Faithf. xxix, Monsieur Tagliabue stormed and blustered. 1866Felton Anc. & Mod. Gr. II. ix. 154 He [Cleon] could talk and bluster on the bema.
b. trans. To force, or drive, by blustering.
a1661Fuller (Webster), He meant to bluster all princes into a perfect obedience. 1753Richardson Grandison (1781) I. ii. 5 We have..blustered away between us half a score more of her admirers. 1867E. Yates Forl. Hope xxviii, The one point on which he could neither satisfy himself by a feeling of pity, nor bluster himself into a fit of indignation.
▪ II. bluster, n.|ˈblʌstə(r)|
[f. prec. vb.]
1. Boisterous blowing; a rough and stormy blast.
1583Stanyhurst æneis i. (Arb.) 21 Thee northen bluster aproching Thee sayls tears tag rag. 1611Shakes. Wint. T. iii. iii. 4 The skies looke grimly, And threaten present blusters. 1667Milton P.L. x. 665 To the Winds they set Thir corners, when with bluster to confound Sea, Aire, and Shoar. 1748Richardson Clarissa (1811) II. 139 Could we but direct the bluster, and bid it roar when..we pleased.
†b. fig. Tempest of wrath, blast of envy, etc.
1607Shakes. Timon v. iv. 41 The bluster of thy wrath. 1665Manley Grotius' Low-C. Warres Ep. Ded., Able to bear up against the Malevolent Blusters of Envy
c. fig. A noisy and stormy commotion; a violent disturbance.
1656H. More Antid. Ath. (1712) Pref. 11 The laying or preventing the usual blusters of Christendom. 1773Cradock in Goldsm. Stoops to Conq. Epil., In town I'll fix my station And try to make a bluster in the nation. 1876Blackmore Cripps v. (1877) 26 The footman..ran in a bluster of rage and terror.
2. The boisterous blast of a wind instrument, or any similar sound.
1724Swift Prometh. Wks. 1755 III. ii. 151 The brazen trumpets' bluster. 1868Hawthorne Amer. Note-Bks. (1879) II. 156 The locomotive..making a great bluster.
3. Boisterous inflated talk, violent or angry self-assertion, noisy and empty menace, swaggering.
a1704Lestrange (J.) A coward makes a great deal more bluster than a man of honour. 1728Morgan Algiers I. Pref. 1 In spite of all the Blusters of the..Ignorant. 1840Carlyle Heroes v. 301 Mirabeau has much more of bluster; a noisy, forward, unresting man. 1868M. Pattison Academ. Org. §1. 7 A great deal of foolish bluster was talked about interference with private property.
4. Comb., as † bluster-master, a great blusterer.
a1670Hacket Abp. Williams ii. (1692) 99 A book publish'd by a bluster-master..call'd, A Coal from the Altar.
▪ III. bluster
obs. form of blister. |