| 释义 |
sarsaparilla|sɑːs(ə)pəˈrɪlə|
Forms: α. 6–8 zarza parilla, (6 parille), 7–8 sarzaparilla, 6–7 sarcaparilla, 6 -parillia, -perilla, sarsaparilia, 7 -perilla, 8 -parill, 7– sarsaparilla; β. 6–7 salsaperilla, 6–8 -parilla, 6 -pariglia, -perillia, 7 -parillia, salcepereille, 9 salsaparilha; γ. 7 sassaparilla.
[a. Sp. zarzaparrilla, f. zarza (? a. Basque sartzia) bramble; the latter part is said in A. Matthioli Comm. in Dioscoridem (1565) 184 to be *parilla, dim. of parra vine, the sarsaparilla being a climbing plant, and its berries having some resemblance to grapes. The word appears, with etymologizing corruption after It. salso adj. salt, in It. salsapariglia (whence the β forms), F. salsepareille (whence the γ form).
The above etymology is given in Gerarde's Herbal 1597; and (as an original conjecture) in Monlau's Diccionario etimol. de la lengua castellana 1856. The statement of many writers, that the word comes from the name of a Dr. Parillo, has not been traced to any authoritative source.]
1. A plant belonging to any of the species of the order Smilaceæ, indigenous to tropical America from Mexico to Peru; esp. Smilax officinalis the Jamaica sarsaparilla.
1577Frampton Joyfull Newes ii. 79 Of the Sarcaparillia [Sp. orig. (Monardes) çarçaparrilla] of Guaiquill. Ibid. 79 b, This Sarcaparilla, dooeth growe at the side of a Riuer, which commeth from the Mountaines of the Peru. Ibid. 80 Sarcaperilla. 1597Gerarde Herbal ii. cccii. 710 We haue great plentie of the rootes of this Bind-weed of Peru, which we vsuallie call Zarza, or Sarsa Parilla. 1620J. Mason New-found-land (Bannatyne Cl.) A 4, The common wild herbes of the Countrie are Angelica, Violets,..Sarsaparilla [etc.]. 1712E. Cooke Voy. S. Sea 150 All along the Banks grow abundance of Mangroves and Sarzaparilla. 1731Miller Gard. Dict., Smilax... Rough Virginian Bindweed, with a smooth Ivy Leaf, commonly call'd Zarzaparilla. 1851–9Hooker in Man. Sci. Enq. 427 The so-called Jamaica Sarasaparilla grows near the Chiriqui Lagoon in the state of Costa Rica. 1873Symonds Grk. Poets x. 313 Clematis and polished garlands of tough sarsaparilla wed the shrubs with clinging, climbing arms.
b. The dried roots of plants of the various species of Smilaceæ; esp. Jamaica sarsaparilla, Smilax officinalis; also, a medicinal preparation of the root used as an alterative and tonic. (The early mentions often relate to the supposed efficacy of the drug in the treatment of syphilis.)
1577Frampton Joyfull Newes ii. 80 b, For these euilles they haue an other maner of Water, that is, takyng of foure ounces of Sarcaparilla. 1582J. Hester Secr. Phiorav. i. xxviii. 32 Let hym take Sarsaparilia, or Lignum Vitæ. Ibid. iii. xlvi. 65 The Salsa pariglia is a Roote that commeth from the Indes, the which is hot and driyng. 1621Burton Anat. Mel. ii. iv. i. iii, And to such as are cold, the Decoction of Guacum, Salsaperilla [etc.]. 1671Shadwell Humorists 1, Hast thou not rais'd the price of Sarsaperilla, and Guiacum all over the Town. 1712tr. Pomet's Hist. Drugs I. 49 Sarsaparilla, or Salsaparilla, is a very long Root, like a small Cord. 1840Pereira Mat. Med. II. 661 Jamaica Sarsaparilla, offic. Ibid. 662 Brazilian Sarsaparilla: Lisbon, Portugal, or Rio Negro Sarsaparilla... Lima Sarsaparilla. Ibid. 663 Honduras Sarsaparilla; Mealy Sarsaparilla; Vera Cruz Sarsaparilla; Mexican Sarsaparilla. 1843R. J. Graves Syst. Clin. Med. xxix. 369 We will..give him mild aperients, light nutritious diet, and sarsaparilla. 1846Lindley Veg. Kingd. 216 Nees and Ebermaier say that it [root of Smilax aspera and S. excelsa] sometimes comes into the market under the name of Italian Sarsaparilla. 1853A. R. Wallace Amazon & Rio Negro 140 The trade here is principally in Brazil-nuts, salsaparilha,..farinha, and salt-fish. 1857Balfour Cycl. India, etc. 1659/1 A large quantity is shipped at the Brazils and is called Lisbon sarsaparilla. 1875H. C. Wood Therap. (1879) 422 If, therefore, sarsaparilla have any value whatever in disease, it must be simply as an alterative. 1886Encycl. Brit. XXI. 313/1 Sarsaparilla... Smilax officinalis..and S. Medica..yield respectively the so-called ‘Jamaica’ and the Mexican varieties. Ibid. 313/2 The varieties of sarsaparilla met with in commerce at present are the following:—Jamaica, Lima, Honduras, Guatemala, Guayaquil, and Mexican... ‘Jamaica’ sarsaparilla..derives its name from the fact that Jamaica was at one time the emporium for sarsaparilla.
2. Applied to plants of other genera, resembling the true sarsaparilla or furnishing a root used as a substitute for it (see quots.).
German sarsaparilla: see German a.2 4.
1840Pereira Mat. Med. II. 904 The root of Hemidesmus indicus..is used in India under the name of ‘country sarsaparilla’... It has been called ‘Indian’ or ‘scented sarsaparilla, nannari’. 1847W. Darlington Amer. Weeds (1860) 155 Aralia, L. Wild Sarsaparilla. Ginseng. Ibid. 156 Aralia nudicaulis, L... Sarsaparilla. False Sarsaparilla. 1858Baird Cycl. Nat. Sci. 107/2 Carex arenaria..has also a certain reputation on the continent as a diaphoretic and diuretic, and is used as such under the name of German sarsaparilla. 1866Treas. Bot. s.v., New Zealand Sarsaparilla, Ripogonum parviflorum. 1883F. M. Bailey Synops. Queensl. Flora 114 Native Sarsaparilla. The roots of this beautiful purple-flowered twiner (Hardenbergia monophylla) are used by bushmen as a substitute for the true sarsaparilla. 1891Coo-ëë (ed. Mrs. P. Martin) 258 On the hills..cyclamen, sundew, purple sarsaparilla, and the scarlet pea.
3. attrib.
1634S. R. Noble Soldier iv. ii. in Bullen O. Pl. (1882) I. 317 Sirra, you Salsa-Perilla Rascall,..doe you heare, Mon⁓sire? 1657B. W. tr. Bauderon's Expert. Phys. 110 Let the drink bee decoction of Sarsa Parilla roote. 1849Balfour Man. Bot. §1053 Smilaceæ, the Sarsaparilla Family. 1868M. H. Smith Sunsh. & Sh. N.Y. 61 A famous house..built by a successful sarsaparilla man.
▸ A soft drink similar to root beer, flavoured with sarsaparilla.
[1844‘Uncle Sam’ Pecularities I. 43 On the outside..is printed the following thirsty announcement:..Congress Water, Sarsaparilla Soda, Ginger Champaign, [etc.]. ]1850Jrnl. Amer. Temperance 1 Nov. 167/2 Any description of liquor known as temperance drink, such as spruce beer, sarsaparilla,..ginger beer,..or lemonade. 1917O. Henry Roads of Destiny xxii. 311 You sarsaparilla-drinking, checker-playing glutton for death and destruction. 1989Independent (Nexis) 3 Aug. 28 Anyone who imagines a ballet dancer's refreshment to consist of a glass of Sarsaparilla and a cream puff would have been amused. 2000W. Self How Dead Live (2001) iii. 87, I wanted to summon up sarsparilla and kewpie dolls, baseball cards, jitterbugging, kreplach, [etc.]. |