| 释义 |
▪ I. sash, n.1|sæʃ|
Forms: 6–7 shash, 7 shass(e, sasche, 7– sash.
[Originally shash, a. Arab. shāsh muslin, turban-‘sash’ (Dozy).]
†1. A band of a fine material worn twisted round the head as a turban in some Middle-Eastern countries. Obs.
159.R. Fitch in Hakluyt's Voy. (1599) II. i. 255 Great store of cloth is made there of cotton, and Shashes for the Moores. 1615G. Sandys Trav. 63 All of them weare on their heads white Shashes and Turbants, the badge of their religion. 1617Moryson Itin. iii. 174 The Greekes and other Christians..weare Shasses, that is, striped linnen (commonly white and blew) wound about the skirts of a little cap. 1650Fuller Pisgah ii. xiv, The silk in Judea, called Shesh in Hebrew, whence haply that fine linen or silk is called shashes, worn at this day about the heads of Eastern people. 1685G. Meriton Nomencl. Cleric. 63 A Shash or Turbant, Tiara. 1718Ozell tr. Tournefort's Voy. Levant II. 287 [They] weare the white Sash round their Turbant as well as the Turks.
†b. Put for: One who wears a ‘sash’. Obs.
1657Howell in Rumsey Org. Salutis b 2 b, As they who have conversed with Shashes and Turbants doe well know.
2. A scarf, often with fringe at each end, worn by men, either over one shoulder or round the waist; spec. Mil. (see quot. 1876). Also, a similar article worn round the waist by women and children.
1681R. Knox Hist. Ceylon 89 A blew or red shash girt about their loyns. 1684J. P. tr. Tavernier's Relat. Seraglio xi. 58 He..thrusts the Ponyard into his Sasche before his Breast. 1687Lond. Gaz. No. 2295/4 Officers Sashes and Ribons. 1715J. Stevens Hist. Persia 25 Girdles, or Sashes ever were, and still are Badges of Honour, and Dignity in Persia. 1787M. Cutler in Life, etc. (1888) I. 233 Dr. Rogers with a large white sash... These sashes, I was informed, were given the last week at a funeral. 1829R. Ackermann's Repos. Fashions 4 The skirt is plaited in full round the waist, and has a border of white tulle... Sash to correspond. 1864Knight Passages Work. Life I. i. 19 A white frock with a black sash—the indication that I had lost my mother. 1876Voyle & Stevenson Milit. Dict. (ed. 3), Sash, part of the dress of an officer and non-commissioned officer. It is worn across the shoulder by officers and sergeants of the infantry; it is made of crimson silk for the former, and of a mixture of crimson and white cotton for the latter. 1884Pall Mall G. 13 Feb. 8/2 The brides⁓maids..wore dresses of cream soie épinglé and plush..and large tied sashes of satin merveilleux.
b. attrib. and Comb., as sash ribbon; sash-capped adj.; sashways, sash-wise advs.
1827G. Darley Sylvia 137 Hurrah! the *sash-capt cymbal swingers!
1861Ladies' Gaz. Fashion Nov. 87/2 The waist is round, and worn with a *sash ribbon.
1731Gentl. Mag. I. 427 An old piece of crimson Ribbon ty'd *Sashways about him.
1842F. E. Paget Milford Malvoisin 28 An embroidered baldric or sword-belt, worn *sash-wise over the right shoulder.
▪ II. sash, n.2|sæʃ|
Also 7 shash, shas.
[A corruption of chassis, app. mistaken for a plural.]
1. a. A frame, usually of wood, rebated and fitted with one or more panes of glass forming a window or part of a window; esp. a sliding frame or each of the two sliding frames of a sash-window. Also (? now only U.S.) applied to a casement.
In early use denoting a glazed frame of wood as distinguished from a leaded window, but now usually applied to a sliding frame in contradistinction to a casement. French sash, a French window (see French A. 3).
1681Cotton Wond. Peak 82 The primitive Casements modell'd were no doubt By that through which the Pigeon was thrust out, Where now whole Shashes are but one great eye. a1704T. Brown Lett. to Gent. & Ladies Wks. 1709 III. ii. 108 Why have I not seen you shine out of the Sash this Morning? 1712Steele Spect. No. 510 ⁋1 My eye was..catch'd with..the Face of a very fair Girl..fixed at the Chin to a painted Sash, and made part of the Landskip. 1716Gay Trivia ii. 141 Shops breathe Perfumes, thro' Sashes Ribbons glow. 1716Swift Progr. Beauty Wks. 1755 III. ii. 165 She ventures now to lift the sash. 1781Cowper Conversat. 331 The southern sash admits too strong a light, You rise and drop the curtain—now it's night. 1784― Task iv. 763 The casements lin'd with creeping herbs, The prouder sashes fronted with a range Of orange. 1794Home in Phil. Trans. LXXXV. 14 Lines..rendered confused by reflections from the cross bars of the sash of the window. 1842Gwilt Archit. §2164 French sashes, which open like doors. 1870E. Peacock Ralf Skirl. I. 32 Some of the Gothic windows had been divested of their tracery and fitted with sashes. 1876Papworth in Encycl. Brit. IV. 494/2 Sashes are either hung upon hinges or hung with lines, pulleys, and weights. Fixed sashes are put into frames... Sashes hung with hinges are usually called casements. 1881Young Ev. Man his Own Mechanic §824 In most cases the sash..consists of a frame in which one large pane is set, or..the space is divided into two parts by one vertical bar, or into four parts by a vertical bar and a horizontal bar crossing each other at right angles. 1902R. Sturgis Dict. Archit. III. 409 In the United States the term ‘sash’ is often applied to the movable woodwork of a casement or glazed door. 1908Times 22 Apr. 5/5 A pane of glass was broken just above the meeting of the two sashes.
†b. A window-frame covered with paper or linen. Cf. chassis. Obs.
1687[see sash-window]. 1822J. Imison Sci. & Art II. 422 The use of a sash, made of transparent or fan paper,..will preserve the sight.
c. A glazed light of a glass-house or garden frame; a sash-light.
1707Curios. in Husb. & Gard. 279 Keep them..under Bell-Glasses and Sashes. 1725Bradley Fam. Dict. s.v. Green-house, The Glass in the Front, whether it be in Sashes or Casements, must be so contrived, that it may..slide..to give Air to the Plants. 1856Delamer Fl. Gard. (1861) 28 They are..safest..in raised beds covered with shutters or sashes in winter.
2. U.S.
a. Hydraul. Engin. A guide or string piece for sheet-piling.
1838Civ. Engin. & Arch. Jrnl. I. 148/1 [Potomac Aqueduct.] Wales, or stringers, twelve by six inches, to guide sheet piling, called in America the lower and upper sash.
b. A rectangular frame in which a saw-blade is stretched to prevent its bending or buckling.
1875Knight Dict. Mech. 1877Lumberman's Gaz. 8 Dec. 362 The old ‘sash saw’ was so thin that it had to be kept strained within a frame or ‘sash’ to prevent its ‘buckling’ or bending when crowded into the cut.
3. attrib. and Comb., as sash fastener, sash lifter, sash mortise chisel, sash moulding; sash-boring, sash-mortising, sash-planing, sash-tenoning, vbl. ns. (Knight Dict. Mech. 1875); sash bar, each of the bars dividing the glass in a sash; also, the shaped material of which such bars are made; sash bead, each of the beads or guides which keep the sashes in place; † sash-casement, a sash-window; sash cord, a cord used for hanging window sashes; sash cramp (see quot. 1964); sash-door, a door fitted with a glazed sash in the upper part; also, a French window; sash fillister (see quot.); sash frame, (a) a frame fixed in the opening of a wall to receive the sash or sashes of a window; also, a sash or sash-light; (b) U.S. = 2 b above (Knight); sash gate (see quot.); sash light, a sash or sash-window; sash line = sash cord; sash-pane, each of the panes of glass in a sash-window; sash pocket, ‘the space formed in the sash frame in which the weight runs up and down’ (Archit. Publ. Soc. Dict., 1887); sash pulley, a pulley in a window frame over which the sash cord runs; sash saw, (a) a small sized tenon saw used in making sashes; (b) U.S. a frame saw; sash sluice (see quot.); sash strip, each of the vertical strips which support the glass of a glass-house; sash tool, a glaziers' brush (see quot. 1842); also, a small painters' brush suitable for painting sashes; sash weight, a weight attached to each of the two cords of a sash to counterbalance it and to facilitate the raising and lowering of it; sashwork, the glazing of sashes or sash-windows. Also sash-window.
1837Civ. Engin. & Arch. Jrnl. I. 24/2 The *sash-bars..should be of copper. 1851Guide-bk. Industr. Exhib. 10 The length of sash-bar used is 205 miles.
1844Regul. & Ord. Army 237 Whenever Troops are directed to clean the windows of their Barrack-Rooms, they are in no instance to be allowed to remove the *sash-beads.
1757Borlase in Phil. Trans. L. 500 The *sash-casements jarred.
1776G. Semple Building in Water 18 A long Piece of *Sash-cord.
1964J. S. Scott Dict. Building 275 *Sash cramps, cramps between 2 and 5 ft long used for clamping sashes during gluing. 1969E. H. Pinto Treen 381/2 Wooden cramps. The general run of both G cramps and sash cramps are too familiar to need any special description.
1726D. Eaton Let. 25 Sept. (1971) 60, I think the *sash door at Little Deen ought to be oak, and these planks we have will do very well. 1739–40Richardson Pamela (1740) I. 95 In this green Room was a Closet, with a Sash-door and a Curtain before it. 1747Richardson Clarissa II. viii. 46 My closet, whither I retired..and pulled the sash-door after me. 1876Encycl. Brit. IV. 494/2 French casements, or sash doors, as they are called when they open down to the ground.
1790Trans. Soc. Arts VIII. 237 His improved *sash-fastener.
1812P. Nicholson Mech. Exerc. 112 The *sash fillister is a rebating plane..mostly used in rebating the bars of sashes for the glass.
1693–1700Moxon Mech. Exerc. (1703) 266 *Shas Frames. 1793Smeaton Edystone L. §279 The casting of sash frames of copper, each in one piece. 1855Delamer Kitch. Gard. (1861) 16 Sash-frames to cover hotbeds or cold-pits.
1875Knight Dict. Mech., *Sash-gate (Hydraulic Engineering), a stop valve sliding vertically to and from its seat.
1844H. Stephens Bk. Farm I. 218 Brass *sash-lifters.
1693–1700Moxon Mech. Exerc. (1703) 266 *Shas Lights. 1710Tatler No. 178/4 Advt., The whole House being well wainscotted, and sash'd with 30 Sash Lights. 1767Jrnl. Byron's Voy. rd. World 74 The sash lights [of Scilly light-house] are eleven feet six inches high.
1794Rigging & Seamanship I. 65 *Sash-line of 4 strands.
1881Young Ev. Man his own Mechanic §259 One or two..*sash mortise chisels..will be necessary.
Ibid. §824 Except in fancy work for greenhouses and conservatories, *sash mouldings are now but seldom used.
c1806D. Wordsworth Jrnl. (1941) I. 311 The dwelling-house was distinguished from the outer buildings..by a chimney and one small window with *sash-panes.
1762Sterne Tr. Shandy V. xix, The *sash pullies, when the lead was gone, were of no kind of use.
1812P. Nicholson Mech. Exerc. 136 The *Sash Saw..is used by sash makers in forming the tenons of sashes. 1877[see 2 b above].
1875Knight Dict. Mech., *Sash-sluice, a sluice with vertically sliding valves.
1901J. Black's Carp. & Build., Home Handicr. 69 In the matter of rafters and *sash-strips strength should be sought in depth.
1825J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 636 A glazing-knife,..a duster, and *sash-tool. 1842Gwilt Archit. §2226 The sash tool is used wet, for taking the oil from the inside after the back putties are cleared off.
1737Hoppus Salmon's Country Build. Estim. (ed. 2) 93 *Sash Weights, &c. at 18s. per C. 1762Sterne Tr. Shandy V. xxiii, I wish..instead of the sash weights I had cut off the church spout.
1825J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 635 Glazier's work may be classed under three distinct heads, *sash-work, lead-work, and fret-work.
▪ III. sash, v.1|sæʃ|
[f. sash n.1]
trans. To dress or adorn with a sash. Cf. sashed ppl. a.2
1796Burke Regic. Peace Wks. IX. 46 Now they are powdered and perfumed,..and sashed and plumed. 1888Henley Bk. Verses 117 As here you loiter, flowing-gowned And hugely sashed.
▪ IV. sash, v.2|sæʃ|
[f. sash n.2]
trans. To furnish with sash-windows; to construct or glaze as a sash-window.
170.C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 300 It is sashed up to the top with low windows to sit in. 1750Mrs. Delany in Life & Corr. (1861) II. 562, I am new sashing the room. 1781Cowper Retirement 483 Suburban villas,..Tight boxes, neatly sash'd, and in a blaze With all a July sun's collected rays. 1886Willis & Clark Cambridge I. 227 The chamber windows were sashed. |