| 释义 |
satrap|ˈseɪtræp, ˈsætræp|
Forms: 4–5 satrape, 4–5, 8– satrap; also in L. form 6–8 satrapa, (pl. satrapæ, satrapaes), 6 erron. satrapas, satrapos.
[ad. L. satrapa, satrapes, a. Gr. σατράπης, also ἐξατράπης, *ἐξαιθράπης (implied in the derivative ἐξαιθραπεύειν to be a satrap), ad. OPers. xšaθra-pāvan-, lit. ‘protector of the country’, f. xšaθra- country (= Skr. kshatra) + pā- to protect. The OPers. word appears in Heb. as ǎḥashdarp'nīm (pl.) in Masoretic vocalization.
Cf. F. satrape, Sp. sátrapa, It. satrapo.]
1. A governor of a province under the ancient Persian monarchy. (In the Book of Daniel anachronistically attributed to the Babylonian empire.)
1382Wyclif Dan. iii. 3 Than satrapes weren gedrid. 1532G. Hervet Xenophon's Househ. (1768) 17 In somme countreys of Persia, a great lord, that they cal Satrapa, occupieth the rowme of bothe lyeutenauntes. 1594Lodge & Greene Looking Glass (1598) E 4 b, I am not chiefe, there is more great then I, What greater then Th'assirian Satrapos? 1601Holland Pliny I. 135 The royall pallace of their great dukes & potentates, named Satrapæ. a1618Raleigh Maxims of State Rem. (1664) 17 To that end serves the Persian practise, in having a Band, or Train of the Satrapa's children, and other Nobles to attend the Court. 1738Glover Leonidas iv. 297 Th'innumerable host Roll back by nations, and admit their lord With all his Satraps. 1815Byron Vis. Belshazzar i, The King was on his throne, The Satraps throng'd the hall. 1838Thirlwall Greece xiii. II. 185 The satraps were accountable for the imposts of their several provinces. 1885Bible (R.V.) Dan. iii. 3 The satraps, the deputies, and the governors.
2. transf. A subordinate ruler; often suggesting an imputation of tyranny or ostentatious splendour.[The sense ‘domineering person’ appears in med.Latin, and in all the Rom. langs.] c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 7 Þat schal not be dispensid wiþ but reserued to a grettere satrap. a1529Skelton Agst. Garnesche i. 6 But sey me now, Syr Satrapas, what autoryte ye haue In your chalenge, Syr Chystyn, to cale me knaue? 1549Latimer 2nd Serm. bef. Edw. VI (Arb.) 63 The byshoppe would beare nothynge at all wyth hym, but played me the Satrapa. 1598Marston Pygmal., Sat. i. 137 For shame leaue running to some Satrapas, Leaue glauering on him in the peopled presse. 1827Hallam Const. Hist. iv. (1876) I. 210 Elizabeth..must have shuddered at the thought of seeing a republican assembly substituted for those faithful satraps her bishops. 1838Lytton Alice ii. ii, A private secretary to one of our Indian satraps. 1861Goldw. Smith Irish Hist. 121 Louis XIV..acted on England through his subsidized satraps. |