| 释义 |
▪ I. bonus|ˈbəʊnəs|
[An ignorant or jocular application of L. bonus ‘good (man)’, probably intended to signify a boon, ‘a good thing’ (bonum). Prob. originally Stock Exchange slang.]
A boon or gift over and above what is normally due as remuneration to the receiver, and which is therefore something wholly ‘to the good’. a. (a) Money or its equivalent, given as a premium, or as an extra or irregular remuneration, in consideration of offices performed, or to encourage their performance; sometimes merely a euphemism for douceur, bribe. Hence bonus-fed adj.
1773C. Macklin Man of World iii. i, Got my share of the clothing..the contracts, the lottery tickets, and aw the political bonuses. 1802Edin. Rev. I. 104 The bonus of one half per cent. interest will not mend the matter. 1852McCulloch Taxation i. i. §2. 68 Except their owners, none would occupy them [costly edifices] unless tempted by the offer of a considerable bonus. Ibid. iii. i. 435 There have..been large deductions from the loans for prompt payment, and bonuses of various descriptions. 1886Pall Mall G. 23 Feb. 2/2 Bring a bonus-fed production from the West into competition with it.
(b) fig.; cf. ‘premium’.
1813Examiner 17 May 319/1 As a bonus..the old gentleman engaged to pay off my debts. 1813Syd. Smith Wks. (1867) I. 220 A bonus is given to one set of religious opinions. 1840Carlyle Misc. (1857) I. 291 A sort of bait and bonus to Satan.
b. An extra dividend paid to shareholders in a joint-stock company from surplus profits; a portion of the profits of an insurance company distributed, ‘pro rata’, to the policy-holders.
1808Scott in Lockhart (1839) III. 134 The Editor..makes a point of every contributor receiving this Bonus. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. 133 Every proprietor received as a bonus a quantity of stock equal to that which he held. 1861Sat. Rev. 30 Nov. 553 To share, in the shape of interest and bonuses, in the profits realized.
c. A gratuity paid to workmen, masters of vessels, etc., over and above their stated salary.
1863Fawcett Pol. Econ. ii. ix. 254 One half of the surplus profits are distributed amongst the labourers as a bonus.
d. attrib. or quasi-adj., as bonus share, bonus year, etc.
1883Sir G. Jessel Law Times Rep. XLIX. 149/1 He had accepted certain bonus shares, as they are called—that is, shares which were given him free from calls.
▪ II. bonus, v.|ˈbəʊnəs|
[f. prec.]
trans. To give a bonus to; to assist or promote by bonuses.
1886Pall Mall G. 23 Feb. 2 To stimulate American exports by bonusing production. Ibid. Railroads have been so bonused by State money and land grants. |