| 释义 |
▪ I. border, n.|ˈbɔːdə(r)|
Forms: 4–7 bordure, 5 bordur, (bordeure), 5– border. Also 5 bourder, -ur, bordore, bowerdur, bordeure, 6 bordre; Sc. bordour, -ar.
[ME. bordure, a. OF. bordure, earlier bordeüre, corresp. to Pr., Sp., Pg. bordadura, It. and late L. bordatura ‘edging’, f. *bordāre (It., Sp. bordar, F. border) to edge or border, f. bordus (It., Sp. bordo, Fr. bord) ‘side, edge, border’, a. Teut. bord ‘side’: see board n. As in some other words the ME. termination -ure has been weakened through -ur to -er, thus disguising the etymology: the earlier bordure (in Caxton bordeure) is retained in Heraldry.]
1. A side, edge, brink, or margin; a limit, or boundary; the part of anything lying along its boundary or outline.
c1391Chaucer Astrol. i. 4 A lyne, that cometh..down to the nethereste bordure. c1400Destr. Troy 1598 Bigget in bourders of the stretes. c1430Syr Gener. 4076 With riche stoones in the bourdure. 1563T. Hill Art Garden. (1593) 14 The borders or edges of beddes. 1570Billingsley Euclid i. vi. 2 The endes, limites, or borders of a lyne, are pointes. 1580Baret Alv. B 943 The borders and endes of ones heare of his head. 1611Bible Ex. xix. 12 That ye goe not vp into the mount, or touch the border of it. a1819Hogg Hawick Common-riding Song ix, Down by Teviot's flowery border. 1860Tyndall Glac. ii. §8. 263 The glacier is..loaded along its borders with the ruins of the mountains.
2. a. The district lying along the edge of a country or territory, a frontier; pl. the marches, the border districts.
c1400Destr. Troy 12861 There come..ffro the bowerdurs aboute..Pilours and plodders. 1489Caxton Faytes of A. i. xii. 31 See..that the frontyers and borders be wel garnysshed. 1494Fabyan vi. clxxiii. 169 An host of the men of Mercya, and the border there aboute. 1580Jrnls. Ho. Commons I. 125 A Bill touching the Fortifying of the Borders towards Scotland. 1667Milton P.L. ii. 361 Though Heav'n be shut..this place may lye expos'd The utmost border of his kingdom. 1805Southey Madoc in W. x, Wolves of war, They kept their border well. 1844H. H. Wilson Brit. India II. 80 The Gorkhas ravaged the borders almost in sight of them.
b. The boundary line which separates one country from another, the frontier line. on the border: on or close to this line, on either side; hence, in the border district. on the borders of (Wales): close to, the frontier of (Wales). over the border: across the frontier line.
1535Coverdale Josh. xv. 6 The border northwarde, is from the see coast..and goeth vp vnto Beth Hagla. 1552Lyndesay Monarche iv. 5904 Thay sall dwell on the bordour Off Hell. 1665–9Boyle Occas. Refl. iv. vii. (1675) 211 Upon the Borders of two Hostile Nations. 1703J. Kirkton Life Welsh (1845) 1 He joined the thieves on the English Border. 1732De Foe, etc., Tour Gt. Brit. (1769) III. iii. 254, I am now on the Borders of Scotland. 1815Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) III. 588 Berwick-upon-Tweed, is a town on the border of England and Scotland, and a county of itself. 1867Baker Nile Tribut. viii. 181 He takes refuge over the border. 1876Green Short Hist. v. (1884) 79 Their inhabitants slain or driven over the Scotch border.
c. With various prepositions, e.g. within, in, out of, and in other connexions, borders is equivalent to ‘territories, dominions, limits’. (L. fines.)
c1425Wyntoun Cron. viii. x. 131 Wyth-in þe Bordwrys of Ingland. 1535Coverdale Ex. xxxiv. 24 Whan I shal..enlarge thy borders. 1552Abp. Hamilton Catech. 35, I sall gif peace to all your bordouris [in finibus vestris]. 1563–87Foxe A. & M. I. 251 He refused to meet us in the borders of the King. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts 140 A beggerly Beast brought out of barbarous borders. 1611Bible Deut. xii. 20 When the Lord thy God shall enlarge thy border [Coverd. bordes]. 1833H. Martineau Tale of Tyne iii. 60 No man in our borders is rich enough. 1837Wreford Hymn, ‘Lord, while for all’, O guard our shores from every foe, With peace our borders bless.
3. spec.
a. (Eng. and Sc. Hist.) the Border, the Borders: the boundary between England and Scotland; the district adjoining this boundary on both sides; the English and Scottish border-land. (The term appears to have been first established in Scotland, where the English border, being the only one it has, was emphatically the border.)
1535Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 471 Gif thift or reif wes maid vpon the bordour. c1536Lyndesay Compl. 384 Baith throw the heland and the bordour. 1601Act 43 Eliz. xiii, Pream., To pay..Black-mail unto divers and sundry inhabiting upon or near the Borders. 1663Lamont Diary (1810) 207 A student of philosophie in St. Andrews, went away with one Agnes Allane..to the border, to be married at the halfe marke church. 1732De Foe, etc., Tour Gt. Brit. (1769) IV. ii. 61 Laws relating to the Borders. 1773A. Grant Lett. fr. Mountains (1809) I. 89 Mr. Gray is a native of the border. 1808Scott Marm. v. xii, Through all the wide Border his steed was the best. 1864Burton Scot Abr. I. i. 14 All the way from the border to the Highland line. 1881J. Russell Haigs v. 104 Like his neighbour chiefs on the Borders.
b. attrib. Of or pertaining to the Border.
1599Jas. I. βασιλ. Δωρον in Chambers Life Jas. I (1830) I. viii. 232 Any Hieland or Border thieves. 1799Wordsw. Fountain iii, Some old border-song or catch. 1805Scott Last Minstr. Introd. 8 The last of all the Bards was he Who sung of Border chivalry. Ibid. iii. iv. note, An emphatic Border motto, Thou shalt want ere I want. 1869Buckle Civilis. III. iii. 117 He summoned..the border barons. 1881J. Russell Haigs v. 105 With the true old Border instinct, bringing off whatever was transportable on its own four feet.
c. In U.S.: The line or frontier between the occupied and unoccupied parts of the country, the frontier of civilization. Also attrib.
1827F. Cooper Prairie I. ii. 33 The indirect manner so much in use by the border inhabitants. 1863W. Phillips Speeches xvii. 372 He put a guard at every Border-ruffian's door. 1863Times 10 Apr., The Border ruffianism of Kansas. 1870R. Pumpelly Across Amer. & Asia i. 1 A border bully, armed with revolver, knife, and rifle.
4. A strip of ground in a garden, forming a fringe to the general area, often reserved for flowers; distinguished from beds, or flower-plots formed in the area. Also attrib., as in a hardy border plant, useful border annuals.
c1400Destr. Troy 329 [The bourderis about abasshet with leuys]. 1590Spenser Muiopot. 170 He..doth flie, From bed to bed, from one to other border. 1632G. Herbert Temple, Sunday iv, The fruitfull beds & borders In Gods rich garden. 1709Addison Tatler No. 161 ⁋2 A wonderful Profusion of Flowers..without being disposed into regular Borders and Parterres. 1796C. Marshall Garden. xx. (1813) 409 Annuals, tender sorts, pot & plant out into the borders. 1866Treas. Bot. s.v. Campanula, All the species..are well adapted for decorating flower-borders.
5. a. A defined edging, of distinct material, colour, shape, pattern, or ornamentation, made or fixed along the margin of anything. (With many specific applications in arts and manufactures.)
c1400Destr. Troy 1652 The windowes..worthely wroght..The bases & bourdurs all of bright perle. c1420Anturs of Arth. xxx, With a bordur aboute alle of brent gold. 1474Caxton Chesse iv. i, The bordeure about is hygher than the squarenes of the poyntes. 1611Bible Ex. xxv. 25 Thou shalt make vnto it a border of an hand bredth round about. 1659J. Leak Water-Wks. 22 There must be also the border PQ Soldered upon the Vessel. 1854Owen in Circ. Sc. (c. 1865) II. 66/2 The thickened external border..perforated for the lodgment of the teeth, is the ‘alveolar border’. 1876Gwilt Archit. Gloss., Border, a piece of wood put round the upper edges of anything, either for use or ornament. Such are the three pieces of wood..which are mitred together round the slab of a chimney. Mod. This carpet would look better with a border. The newspapers appeared with black borders in sign of mourning.
b. spec. A piece of ornamental work round the edge of a garment, cap, etc.
c1374Chaucer Boeth. i. i. 6 In þe neþerest[e] hem or bordure of þese cloþes. 1632Massinger City Mad. iv. iv, You wore..A velvet hood, rich borders, & sometimes A dainty miniver cap. 1837Dickens Pickw. xii, Up to the very border of her cap. 1854Mrs. Gaskell North & S. i, Indian shawls. Delhi? with the lovely little borders?
c. The upper edge of a basket.
1907T. Okey in Jrnl. Soc. Arts 11 Jan. 190/2 Besides common borders, many other forms, such as plaited, roped, tracked borders, are used [in basket-making]. 1960E. Legg Country Baskets 27 At the top, the side stakes are turned down to form the border..thus completing the basket.
†6. A plait or braid of hair (natural or otherwise) worn round the forehead or temples. Obs.
1601Holland Pliny I. 559 Corne..beareth the graines arranged spikewise, and as if they were plaited and braided like a border of haire. 1656Artif. Handsomeness 59 [They] admit not onely borders of forain haire, but full and fair peruques. 1663Pepys Diary 9 May, I did try two or three borders & perriwigs, meaning to wear one. 1865Art Jrnl. No. 321. 91/2 The old lady's ‘borders’ and ribbons.
7. Bot. The expanded portion at the top of a tubular flower.
1861Miss Pratt Flower. Pl. I. 6 The Primrose, the flat portion of which is called the border.
8. Usu. pl. (See quot. 1957.)
1824J. Decastro Memoirs 16 It is that [part] of the scenic department from whence the borders of chambers or clouds drop. 1831J. Boaden in Corresp. Garrick I. p. xlviii, A splendid show for his theatre; where a temperate sky always hangs from the borders. 1881L. Wagner Pantomimes 57 The flymen, whose..business it is to draw up, and lower the scenes and borders. 1957Oxf. Compan. Theatre (ed. 2) 88/2 Border, a narrow strip of painted cloth, battened at the top edge only, used to mask-in, or hide, the top of the stage as seen from the auditorium.
9. Hydraulic Engin. (See quot.)
1847J. Dwyer Hydraulic Engineer. 29 The Border of a river, canal, etc. is the sum of the sides and bottom, or it is the perimeter in contact with the water.
10. fig. A limit, boundary, ‘verge’. (Transferred from place to time and abstract things.)
1728Young Love Fame v. (1757) 137 On the borders of threescore. 1747Hervey Medit. & Contempl. (1818) 211 A person who walks on the borders of eternity. a1783H. Walpole Mem. Geo. III (1845) I. iv. 52 He affected an impartiality that by turns led him to the borders of insincerity and contradiction. 1866J. Martineau Ess. I. 72 Beyond the rigid border of the science.
11. attrib. and Comb., as border-country, border-flower, border-ground, border-mark, border-plant, border-state, border-stone, border-war, border-world. (See also sense 3 b.)
c1885in Westm. Gaz. (1904) 24 Sept. 3/1 In the gay *border-country of youth. 1945E. Step Wayside & Woodland Ferns (ed. 2) 76 In the Border country it is known as Dead-man's Hands.
1851Glenny Handbk. Fl.-Gard. 12 It is only the mass of flowers..that makes it tolerable as a *border-flower.
1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 191 A *border-ground between philosophy and politics.
1613M. Ridley Magn. Bodies 28 That divideth the North-part..from the South part, as by a *border-marke.
1842J. Sturge Visit to U.S. 166 Many planters, with their slaves, have emigrated thither [sc. to Texas] to escape their creditors from the *border States.
1850Mrs. Browning Poems II. 18 The grey *border-stone that is wist To dilate and assume a wild shape in the mist.
1809‘D. Knickerbocker’ Hist. N.Y. (1820) v. ii. 301 Heart-rending cruelties that disgraced these *border wars. 1965New Statesman 30 Apr. 671/1 Ayub Khan..describes this border war as ‘a useless quarrel’.
1878Geo. Eliot Coll. Breakf. P. 833 That *border-world Of dozing ere the sense is fully locked.
12. Special comb.: border ballad = riding ballad (see riding vbl. n. 5 d); border-house, a Border tower, a peel; Border Leicester, a variety of sheep originating from the cross-breeding of Cheviot and Leicester sheep; border-man, one who dwells on the border of a country, = borderer; border marriage, see marriage; border-pile (Hydraulic Engin.), an exterior pile of a coffer-dam; Border-pricker, -rider, a mounted freebooter or ‘thief’ living on the Border of England and Scotland; border-service, military service in defending a frontier; Border-side, the district about the Border (cf. country-side); border-stone, (a) a stone marking a boundary; (b) a curbstone; Border terrier, a small rough-haired terrier originating in the Cheviot Hills; Border-warden, Warden of the Marches (of England and Scotland); Border-warrant, a writ issued on one side of the Scottish Border for the apprehension of a person on the other side.
c1863E. Dickinson Poems (1955) II. 569 Better entertain Than could *Border Ballad—or Biscayan Hymn. 1941L. MacNeice Poetry of Yeats iv. 79 The beat and glitter of Housman's verse, partly derived from Heine and the Border ballads.
1792Pennant Tours Scotl. (1790) 90 The castle is no more than a square tower or *border-house.
1873Country Gentleman's Mag. X. 206/1 The distinguishing features of the Yorkshire and *Border Leicesters, though sprung from the same source, have diverged. 1874W. C. Spooner Hist. of Sheep (ed. 3) i. 70 The sheep which prevail mostly in the lowlands of Scotland and the good land of the Border Counties are called the Border Leicesters.
1620W. Scot Apol. Narr. (1846) 82 The wyld *bordermen stood in..awe of the Presbyteries excommunication. 1827F. Cooper Prairie I. ii. 29 A border man..is seldom deficient in the virtue of hospitality. 1865Grote Plato I. xix. 557 The border-men between philosophy and politics.
1820Scott Monast. xvi, With two *Border-prickers, as they are called, for my guides.
― Abbot ii, I have no home..it was burnt by your *Border-riders.
1707Addr. fr. Cumberland in Lond. Gaz. No. 4334/2 There is, now..no Black Mail to be paid..no *Border-Service.
a1700Ballad ‘Johnie Armstrang’ xiv, Lang mayst thou dwell on the *Border-Syde. 1805Scott Last Minstr. iv. xxiv, And burn and spoil the Border-side.
1894R. B. Lee Mod. Dogs (Terriers) i. 21 The ‘*Border terriers’..have been for a long time indigenous to the Border counties, and..so far south as Westmorland, Lancashire, and Yorkshire. 1928F. T. Barton Kennel Encycl. 51 Border terriers are very hardy and the puppies easy to rear as a rule.
1820Scott Monast. xxxiv, A *Border-warden, he will be eager to ride in Scotland.
1816― Antiq. xxxix, There's *Border-warrants too in the south country, unco rash uncanny things.
▸ border protection n. (a) orig. U.S., defence or surveillance of the border of a nation or territory, (now) esp. in order to prevent illegal immigration; (b) (in international trade) the imposition of tariffs and other controls to restrict imports; = protection n. 4.
1875Proc. National Railroad Convention (U.S.) p. ix, It [sc. a proposed railroad] will do much towards the solution of the Indian question,..thus saving to the Government millions annually in the single item of *border protection. 1891Times 13 Feb. 13/3 The reasonable protectionist..is willing to risk something as regards border protection to secure a wider field for Victorian manufactures. 1946P. de Mendelssohn Design for Aggression (1947) i. 91 There were at the frontier a large number of permanent border protection units. 1985Financial Post (Toronto) (Nexis) 2 Nov. i. 1 Canadian steel producers..are clamoring for border protection. 2004Cairns (Queensland) Post (Nexis) 9 June 4 Surely, Australia can have strong border protection and tough immigration policies without abusing the rights of children.
▪ II. border, v.|ˈbɔːdə(r)|
Also 6 boorder, Sc. bordor, -dour. See also bordure v.
[f. prec. n.]
1. trans. To put a border or edging to. Also fig.
c1400Mandeville xxvii. 276 His throne..bordured with Gold. c1400Destr. Troy 1666 A tabill..Bourdurt about all with bright Aumbur. 1530Palsgr. 460/2, I wyll border my kote with blacke velvet. 1731Swift Strephon & C. Wks. 1755 IV. i. 152 His night-cap border'd round with lace. a1813A. Wilson Amer. Blue-Bird, Your walks border up, sow and plant at your leisure.
2. To form a border or boundary to; to bound.
1570Billingsley Euclid xi. def. xvi. 317 A Pyramis is ternated and bordered with diuers superficieces. 1590Greene Orl. Fur. (1599) 21 Those trees that border in those walkes. c1750Shenstone Elegies xv. 63 Those wholesome sweets that border Virtue's way. 1807Sir R. Wilson in Life (1862) II. viii. 333 The fields are bordered by large forests. 1859Reeve Brittany 293 A low granite wall borders the road.
†b. fig. To keep within bounds, confine, limit.
1605Shakes. Lear iv. ii. 33 That nature, which contemns its origin, Cannot be border'd certain in itself.
3. To lie on the borders of, lie next, adjoin.
1649Selden Laws Eng. i. xxviii. (1739) 45 The most ancient that bordered the Britons. 1830Lyell Princ. Geol. (1875) II. iii. xli. 420 Lands bordering the Mediterranean. 1837Lytton Athens II. 120 [They] wore the same armour as the Indians whom they bordered. 1853Kane Grinnell Exp. iv. (1856) 29 The great counter-current, which..borders the Gulf Stream.
4. intr. To lie on the border, be contiguous on, upon, (with, by, unto, obs.).
1535Coverdale Josh. xv. 8 The mount..that borderth on the edge of the valley of Raphaim. 1563Homilies ii. Rogation Wk. iv. Our neighbours bordering about us. 1604T. Wright Passions iii. ii. 82 Euery moderat passion bordureth betwixt two extreames. 1605Verstegan Dec. Intell. v. (1628) 152 The Gaules did anciently border all along on the west side of the Germans. 1645Rutherford Tryal & Tri. Faith (1845) 62 It is good to border with Christ, & to be near-hand to him. 1786W. Thomson Watson's Philip III (1839) 311 An island bordering upon Istria. 1841Elphinstone Hist. Ind. I. 361 Hill tribes, bordering on cultivated countries.
5. fig. to border on or border upon: to approach closely in character, resemble closely, verge on.
a1694Tillotson Wks. 1728 I. 33 Wit which borders upon profaneness. 1771Junius Lett. l. 261 A kind of predilection which borders upon loyalty. 1793Burke Rem. Policy Allies Wks. VII. 122 A degree of indigence at times bordering on beggary. 1839H. L. Anderson Haileyb. Observer i. 18 This borders on the common-place.
†6. To broider, to braid. (Cf. broder, broider, also border n. 6.) Obs.
1585Abp. Sandys Serm. (1841) 310 The hair..had been coloured, pleated, and bordered.
†7. trans. To cut up (a pasty). Obs.
1513Bk. Keruynge in Babees Bk. (1868) 265 Termes of a Kerver, Border that pasty. 1864Ainsworth Tower of Lond. 412 In the old terms of his art, he..bordered the venison pasty, tranched the sturgeon.
▪ III. border
variant of bordar, and bourder, Obs. |