| 释义 |
pupa|ˈpjuːpə|
Pl. -æ.
[mod.L. (Linnæus Syst. Nat. 1758 I. 340), a use of L. pūpa girl, doll. Cf. Ger., Da. puppe, Sw. puppa, Du. † poppe, pop, popje, doll, nymph, chrysalis, = Romanic puppa doll.]
1. a. An insect in the third and usually quiescent state (of complete metamorphosis), preceding that of the imago or perfect insect; a chrysalis.
1773G. White Let. 8 July in Nat. Hist. Selborne (1789) ii. xv. 156 The black shining cases or skins of the pupœ of these insects [sc. forest-flies]. 1815Kirby & Sp. Entomol. iii. I. 67 The states through which insects pass are four: the egg; the larva; the pupa; and the imago. 1849H. Miller Footpr. Creat. viii. 154 A mummy, in their apprehension, was simply a human pupa, waiting the period of its enlargement. 1868Duncan tr. Figuier's Insect World i. 32 In another fortnight these pupæ become perfect insects. 1898A. S. Packard Textbk. Entomol. iii. 621 In some cases the obtected pupa remains within the loose envelope formed by the old larval skin. 1928G. H. Carpenter Biol. Insects vii. 172 The pupa..resembles the adult insect much more closely than the larva. 1932Riley & Johannsen Med. Entomol. viii. 116 The pupae of mosquitoes and midges are quite active. 1964V. Wigglesworth Life of Insects vi. 94 Within the pupa a most complex development proceeds.
b. A stage in the development of some other invertebrates, as cirripeds, holothurians.
1877Huxley Anat. Inv. Anim. vi. 298 Other important alterations take place, during the passage of the locomotive pupa into the fixed young Cirripede. 1900E. R. Lankester Treat. Zool. iii. 5 When the Auricularia assumes a barrel shape, before changing into a Holothurian..the mouth has again passed up to the anterior pole, and the anus down to the posterior. This form is called the Pupa.
2. Conch. Name of a genus of pulmonate molluscs: a chrysalis-shell.
3. attrib. (See also pupa-case.)
1788G. White Let. in Nat. Hist. Selborne (1789) ii. xlvi. 252 All [the crickets] that I have seen at that season [sc. March] were in their pupa state. 1815Kirby & Sp. Entomol. iii. I. 68 Linné has called it the pupa state, and an insect when under this form a pupa. 1851Carpenter Man. Phys. (ed. 2) 527 This is particularly the case in the Pupa state. 1862All Year Round 13 Sept. 8 It assumes the pupa form, and is enclosed in a hard case, remaining motionless and to all appearance inanimate. 1898A. S. Packard Text-bk. Entomol. iii. 625 (heading) The pupa state.
Hence ˈpupadom, ˈpupahood (nonce-wds.), the condition of a pupa.
1893E. A. Butler Househ. Insects 39 The grub..passes very rapidly through the resting-stage of pupadom. Ibid. 169 It would..be just as devoid of influence as if it had died in pupahood. |