| 释义 |
▪ I. scallop, scollop, n.|ˈskɒləp, ˈskæləp|
Forms: α. 5 scalap, -opp, 5, 7 scalop, skalop, 6 scalepp, -oppe, scallopp(e, skallap, -op, 9 scallope, scallap, 6– scallop. β. 7 s(c)kollop, 7–8 scollup, 7– -op.
[aphetic a. OF. escalope: see escallop.
While the pronunciation |ˈskɒləp| is still common in all uses, the spelling scollop appears now to be confined to sense 2, and even in that application is less usual than scallop.]
1. a. A shell-fish of the genus Pecten.
αc1440Promp. Parv. 442/2 Scalop, fysche [Winch. MS. Scalap]. 1530Palsgr. 265/2 Scaloppe a fysshe. 1601Holland Pliny xi. li. I. 353 The great Scallops make a certaine noise as they shoot out of the water. 1617Moryson Itin. i. 70 The skalops which they call holy cockels, twelue for a lire. 1626Bacon Sylva §747 No Liuing Creatures, that haue Shells very hard; (As Oysters, Cockles, Mussles, Scallops). c1711Petiver Gazophyl. vii. 62 Madras spotted Scallop. 1716Gay Trivia ii. 417 And luscious 'scallops, to allure the tastes Of rigid zealots to delicious fasts. 1802Bingley Anim. Biog. (1813) III. 454 The Scallop has the power of progressive motion upon land, and likewise of swimming on the surface of the water. 1841T. R. Jones Anim. Kingd. xxii. 391 In the Scallops (Pecten) the edges of the mantle are studded with..pearl-like points.
β1630J. Taylor (Water P.) Wks. i. 117/1 The blushing Prawne, the well-armed Oyster, the Scollop, the Wilke. 1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. v. i. 234 Oysters, Cochles, Sckollops, and other testaceous animals. 1661Rabisha Cookery Dissected 125 First boyl your Scollups, then take them out of the shells and wash them. 1705Phil. Trans. XXV. 2160 (2), I took this..Scollop and Sea Horn.
b. A scallop-shell; a vessel resembling one, used in baptism, etc.
α1401Durham Acc. Rolls (Surtees) 452 Item j scalap et j navis argent' deaurat'. 1408Ibid. 402 Et in 1 scalopp argent. pro sale benedicendo. 1639T. Heywood Londini Status Pacatus A 4 b, A person representing the ancient River Nilus, mounted in a Sea-Chariot, and seated upon a silver Scallop. 1796Morse Amer. Geog. I. 357 A lump, taken fresh from the stratum,..exhibits, in perfect shape, innumberable muscle shells, scallops, &c.
β1752Pococke Tour (1891) 87 The woman also melted tallow in a scollop and dipt the rushes in it.
c. A pilgrim's cockle-shell worn as a sign that he had visited the shrine of St. James at Compostella.
a1400Morte Arth. 3474 With scrippe, ande with slawyne, and skalopis i-newe, Both pyke and palme, alles pilgram hym scholde. 1501Bury Wills (Camden) 83 The stooll..coloord and garnyschyd wt scalepps and othyr sygnys of Seynt Jamys. 1532in Weaver Wells Wills (1890) 186 My bedes with scallopps. 1710Parnell Hermit 25 The pilgrim⁓staff he bore, And fix'd the scallop in his hat before. 1871Lowell Study Wind., Pope 291 As little typical of the inward man as the scallop of a pilgrim.
2. a. An object of the shape of a scallop-shell; a part or formation resembling a scallop-shell.
1609Test. Ebor. (Surtees) V. 5, I will have my Derege in my house,..and at Mr. Perot be at the same dener; and at tharbe skallapis of mayne breid. 1629Dekker London's Tempe (Percy Soc.) 43 Bases and buskins cut..at the top into silver scollups. 1668Culpepper & Cole Barthol. Anat. i. xiv. 32 A Mans Liver is not divided into Laps or Scollops. 1688Holme Armoury iii. 374/1 The Scallop, as covers the Winding hole [in a watch].
b. esp. One of a series of convex rounded projections forming the scalloped edge of a garment or other object. Also, a scalloped form, a scalloping.
This use prob. has a double origin; a ‘scalloped’ edge may be compared either to a row of scallop-shells, or to the edge of a scallop-shell.
1612Beaumont Masque of Inner Temple D b, The hinder part cut into Scallops, answering the skirts of their doublets. c1710C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 16 All of them gather'd up y⊇ upper peticoate in little scallops. 1713Guardian 1 Sept., The Men have contented themselves with the Retrenchment of the Hat, or the various Scallop of the Pocket. 1768Pennant Brit. Zool. (1776) II. 414 Four scollops on the exterior toe..each finely serrated on their edges. 1839–47Bowman in Todd's Cycl. Anat. III. 508/1 Thus giving a slight scallop, or regular indentation, to the edge. 1867A. J. Wilson Vashti iv, The girl sewed on, working scallop after scallop, and flower after flower. 1886C. F. Woolson East Angels ix, The beach waved in and out in long scallops.
†c. Lace or edging of a scalloped pattern; a scalloped lace band or collar. Obs.
1603in 38th Rep. Dep. Kpr. Rec. App. 444 Stamells, stanimes, scallops, tapessary or tapestry. 1661Pepys Diary 7 Dec., My wife and I were talking about buying of a fine scallop..which is to cost her 45s.
3. attrib. and Comb., as (sense 1) scallop-bank, scallop bed, scallop boat, scallop dredge, scallop-fishery, scallop net; (sense 2) scallop-wise adv.; quasi-adj. = ‘scalloped’, as scallop capital, scallop lace, scallop moulding, scallop tile, scallop top; scallop-edged, scallop-leaved, scallop-necked, scallop-shaped, scallop-striped, scallop-tailed, scallop-toed, scallop-winged adjs.; scallop budding (see quot.); scallop crab, a pea-crab inhabiting scallops; scallop hook tip (see quot.); † scallop-iron (see quot.); † scallop slate, ? shale containing fossil scallops; † scallop-stone, ? a fossil pecten.
1851Woodward Mollusca iii. 12 *Scallop-banks at twenty fathoms.
1977N.Z. Herald 8 Jan. 1–2/3 *Scallop beds around the Coromandel Harbour could be wiped out within five years if the onslaught of spiked dredges used mainly by holiday-makers continued.
1977New Yorker 15 Aug. 46/1 The Sniktaw III, a forty-foot *scallop boat, is moving rapidly south-ward down the channel.
1825Greenhouse Comp. I. 234 The *scallope or French mode of budding, in which a section or scallope of bark and wood containing a bud is taken from one tree, and applied to a part of the stem of another tree, where a similar scallope had been removed.
1862Rickman's Archit. (ed. 6) 138 The *scollop capitals are..frequently used.
1884U.S. National Mus. Bull. No. 27. 268 Implements [used in shellfish fishery include]..*Scallop-dredge. 1887Goode, etc. Fisheries U.S. v. II. 571 The ordinary scallop dredge holds from one to two bushels.
1856W. Whitman Leaves of Grass (ed. 2) xi. 214, I saw..the *scallop-edged waves in the twilight. 1967R. S. Churchill Winston S. Churchill II. viii. 274 A splendid scallop-edged silver tray presented by all his colleagues in the Government.
1886Amer. Naturalist XX. 1001 It is only between Cape Cod and New Jersey that any commercial *scallop-fishery exists.
1829J. F. Stephens Catal. Brit. Insects II. 156 Platypteryx..lacertula..*Scallap Hook-tip.
1688Holme Armoury iii. 397/1 Sadlers Tools..a Larg *Scallop Iron,..being a kind of Punch to cut Leather Scallop wise.
1706Hud. Rediv. (Nares), Pinners..Edg'd round with ancient *scollop laces.
1822Hortus Anglicus II. 76 *Scollop-leaved Iron Wort.
1848Rickman's Archit. (ed. 5) p. xx, Two varieties of *scallop mouldings.
1783Latham Synopsis Birds IV. 643 *Scallop⁓necked Pigeon.
1881E. Ingersoll Oyster-Industry 247 *Scallop Net, the small dredge used in catching scallops.
1843R. J. Graves Syst. Clin. Med. xxvi. 334 *Scollop-shaped condylomata.
c1711Petiver Gazophyl. vi. 51 Flat thin *Scallop Slate.
1668Charleton Onomast. 267 Pectinitis..*Scollop-stone.
1873Browning Red Cotton Night-Cap Country 567 One level, *scallop-striped With bands of beet and turnip and luzern.
1802Shaw Gen. Zool. III. 276 *Scollop-tailed Gecko.
1728Chambers Cycl. s.v. Tyle, *Scallop or Astragal Tyles,..their lower Ends are in Form of..a Semicircle, with a Square on each Side.
1674Ray S. & E.C. Words 92 A bird of the Coot kind, *scollop-toed. 1843Yarrell Brit. Birds I. Index p. xxvii, Scallop-toed Sandpiper.
1711Addison Spect. No. 128 ⁋10 A Pair of Shoes with high *Scollop Tops.
1749B. Wilkes Eng. Moths & Butterflies 39 The *Scallop winged Moth laid her Eggs on the 5th of August. 1829J. F. Stephens Catal. Brit. Insects II. 97 Cymatophora..Oo..Scallop-winged Oak M[oth].
1558in Feuillerat Revels Q. Eliz. (1908) 38 Greane vellvet cutt in leaves *scallopwise. 1688[see scallop-iron].
Add:[2.] d. An escalope.
1723J. Nott Cook's & Confectioner's Dict. sig. D7, Take..Scollops of Veal or Mutton larded with Bacon. 1845E. Acton Mod. Cookery ix. 218 Slice very thin the white part of some cold veal, divide and trim it into scallops not larger than a shilling. 1986B. Fussell Eating In vi. 67 For traditional veal scalloppine, instead of breading the scallops, dust them with seasoned flour and sauté.
▪ II. ˈscallop, ˈscollop, v.
[f. scallop n.]
1. trans. To shape or cut (out) in the form of a scallop-shell; to ornament or trim with scallops.
1749Shenstone Irreg. Ode after Sickness 100 To fence for you my shady grove And scollop ev'ry winding shore. 1760–72H. Brooke Fool of Qual. (1809) IV. 155 A vest of silver brocading, scalloped over a petticoat of the same fabric. 1771Smollett Humph. Cl. 26 June (1815) 197 This fellow..having no inclination to curry any beast out of the stable, was at great pains to scallop his nails in such a manner that the blood followed at every stroke. 1809N. Pinkney Trav. France 203 It fits closely, and is scolloped round the neck, arms, and at the bottom. a1810J. Henry Camp. agst. Quebec (1812) 21 The face of the rock was, as it were scalloped out, down to the water's edge. 1836Hor. Smith Tin Trump. I. 44 The bow windows and balconies that scallop the narrow side streets. 1908Blackw. Mag. July 101/2 Their edges are elaborately scalloped with a drop of clear water lodged in each rounded notch.
b. Mining. (See quot.)
1883Gresley Gloss. Coal-mining, Scallop, to cut..the sides of a heading without holing them, or using powder.
2. Cookery. To bake (oysters, etc.) in a scallop-shell or similar-shaped pan or plate with bread crumbs, cream, butter, and condiments.
1737[see scalloped 2]. 1769Mrs. Raffald Eng. Housekpr. (1778) 287 To scollop Potatoes. Boil your potatoes, then beat them fine [etc.],..put them into scollop shells,..put them in a Dutch oven [etc.]. 1841J. T. J. Hewlett Parish Clerk II. 75 Lobsters, boiled, scalloped, and hot-buttered. 1885E. P. Wright Anim. Life 555 The shell [of the scallop Pecten maximus] is often used for ‘scalloping’ oysters. |