| 释义 |
▪ I. scalper1, scauper|ˈskælpə(r), ˈskɔːpə(r)|
[Partly a. L. scalper, by-form of scalprum, partly f. scalp v.1 + -er1.]
†1. Surg. = scalprum 1. Obs.
1656Blount Glossogr., Scalper or Scalping Iron (scalprum), a Surgeons Instrument, to scrape or take away corrupt flesh from the bones; a Lance to let blood with.
2. Engraving. A kind of graver used for hollowing out the bottom of sunken designs.
1688Holme Armoury iii. 308/1 The Scalper, is a kind of Graver with a flat point; its use is to clear the bottoms of broad Letters or Escochions sunk into the Metal. 1821Craig Lect. Drawing, etc. vii. 377 A large square tool, called a scawper. 1855tr. Labarte's Arts Mid. Ages iv. 122 With scalpers he tooled or hollowed out all the spaces. 1869Eng. Mech. 10 Dec. 298/3 Scaupers are used for cutting out the white parts of the block.
▪ II. scalper2|ˈskælpə(r)|
[f. scalp v.2 + -er1.]
1. One (esp. an American Indian) who removes scalps.
1760S. Niles in Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll. (1837) 3rd Ser. VI. 174 This reminds me of an account we had of a notable old scalper among [the Indians]. 1795Coleridge Conciones ad Pop. 45 Did not this employment of merciless Scalpers rouse the indignation of Britons? 1807J. Barlow Columb. vi. 371 Scalpers and ax-men rush from Eerie's shore. 1884E. P. Roe in Harper's Mag. Mar. 617/2 This treacherous scalper of birds.
fig.1904Sat. Rev. 29 Oct. 536 The scalpers of the yellow press had not time to put on their war-paint.
2. a. U.S. slang. One who buys and sells at a profit, but at a price lower than the official one, unused portions of long-distance railway tickets.
1875Chicago Tribune 8 Dec. 12/3 The new town grew up to be..the great commercial centre of rail-road ‘scalpers’. 1882Nation 5 Oct. 276 (Cent. Dict.) The eternal quarrel between railroads and scalpers. 1891C. Roberts Adrift Amer. 51, I went round to all the railroad ticket agents, called scalpers, in the city, and at last decided to go down as far as Topeka in Kansas, as that was the cheapest journey I could pick out for the distance.
b. Stock Exchange. One who sells stock at lower than the offical rates.
1886Harper's Mag. July 213/2 The ‘Pit’ is the scalper's delight. 1888Pall Mall G. 15 Oct. 12/1 ‘Old Hutch,’ by which title B. P. Hutchinson has been known on the Chicago Board of Trade for years as the champion scalper and speculator. 1891Times 8 Oct. 11/1 Late trading was dull, but steady, on moderate covering by ‘scalpers’.
c. slang (orig. U.S.). A speculator who obtains tickets for a popular entertainment and sells them for more than their face price.
1869Harper's Mag. Sept. 623/2 Where theatres are all the run, And bloody scalpers come to trade. 1948Sun (Baltimore) 26 Nov. 18/2 Since these 60-cent tickets are sold, or supposed to be sold, only to students, the question is how the scalpers obtained them. 1969Truth (Melbourne) 12 July 24/7 I'm sure scalpers wouldn't buy lottery tickets. 1977Rolling Stone 16 June 12/2 The Palladium shows sold out in a few hours and scalpers have been getting up to $75 per ticket. 1978G. Vidal Kalki vi. 137 One-third of the tickets for the rally..are now in the hands of scalpers who are selling the most desirable seats..for as high as one thousand dollars a-piece!
d. U.S. (See quots.)
1874J. G. McCoy Hist. Sketches Cattle Trade 292 So soon as an incoming train is announced nearing the stock yards, the hurrying tramps of solicitors, called ‘Scalpers’, may be heard hustling toward the unloading platform. If there is a shipper on the train whose stock is not consigned, they..[present] the business cards of the commission firms which have the Scalpers employed. 1930Amer. Speech X. 271/2 Scalper, one who buys feeder cattle and resells to farmers and feeders at a profit. A speculator.
3. A scalping-knife. rare.
1837R. M. Bird Nick of Woods II. xviii. 245 Captain Ralph Stacpole did..meet another Injun-savage in the woods..with gun, axe, and scalper. 1893Leland Mem. II. 297 A tussle à la Choctaw, with biting, gouging, tomahawk and scalper. 1947B. De Voto Across Wide Missouri 32 The Company is sending..100 dozen ‘common scalpers’ and 55 dozen more expensive knives for murder with style.
4. A ‘scalping’ machine: see scalp v.2 3.
1886W. A. Harris Techn. Dict. Fire Insur. 251 Scalpers, or Scalping Reels, the simple hexagon dressing-reels with iron shaft, iron arms, and iron rails clothed with tin or steel⁓wire cloth. Ibid. 252 Wheat is partially crushed by rollers, and afterwards passed through the scalpers and the silk dressing-machines. 1950Engineering 13 Jan. 30/1 [In flour milling] the endosperm released..and sifted out in the scalpers consists of particles of various sizes. |