| 释义 |
‖ bourgeoisie|burʒwazi, ˌbʊəʒwɑːˈziː|
[Fr., f. bourgeois: see above.]
a. The body of freemen of a French town; the French middle class; also extended to that of other countries.
1707Lond. Gaz. No. 4354/1 To the Council of the City, the Clergy, and Bourgeoisie of Vallangin. 1848Mill Pol. Econ. Prelim. Rem. (1876) 12 The Commons of England, the Tiers-Etat of France, the bourgeoisie of the continent generally, are the descendants of this class. 1856Geo. Eliot Ess. (1884) 284 The elaborate study of the German bourgeoisie. 1883Spectator 13 Oct. 1309/2 The ‘political surveys’ he was in the habit of addressing to the bourgeoisie of the Elgin Burghs.
b. In Communist writings: the capitalist class. Cf. bourgeois A. 2 a and B. 3.
1886F. K. Wischnewetzky tr. Engels's Condition of Working-Class (1892) 281 We have seen..how the bourgeoisie exploits the proletariat in every conceivable way for its own benefit. 1888S. Moore tr. Marx & Engels's Manifesto 7 By bourgeoisie is meant the class of modern Capitalists, owners of the means of social production and employers of wage-labour. 1957R. N. C. Hunt Guide to Communist Jargon iii. 6 In present communist usage the term bourgeoisie is given, however, such an extension as to include all those who, whether they possess capital or not, have an interest in preserving the capitalist system. |