| 释义 |
▪ I. bower, n.1|baʊə(r), ˈbaʊə(r)|
Forms: 1 búr, 2–3 bur, 3 bure, 3–6 bour, 3–7 boure, bowr, 4 bor, 4–7 bowre, 5 bowur, 6 boire, 9 (bowre), dial. boor, 5– bower.
[OE. búr dwelling, etc., corresp. to OS. bûr neut., OHG. búr masc. (MHG. búr, mod.G. bauer bird-cage), LG. buur, bur m., ON. búr (Sw. bur, Da. buur):—OTeut. *bûro(m:—Aryan bhūrom, f. bhu, in Teut. bū̆- to dwell. Hence neighbour (OE. néah-ᵹebúr) and boor.]
1. A dwelling, habitation, abode. In early use lit. A cottage; in later use a poetical word for ‘abode’.
Beowulf (Z.) 2455 On his suna bure. a1000Chart. Eadrea in Cod. Dipl. V. 336 To ðen haᵹan; andlang haᵹan bur. c1325E.E. Allit. P. A. 963 Bryng me to þat bygly bylde, & let me se þy blysful bor. 1567J. Studley Seneca's Hippol. (1581) 75 The whilst the fire shall burne These bones, set ope his buriall bower. 1568Like will to L. in Hazl. Dodsl. III. 353 Of all iniquity thou art the bow'r. 1579Spenser Sheph. Cal. Sept. 97 The blacke bowre of sorrowe [gloss. hell]. 1712Addison Spect. No. 281 ⁋11 Our Historians describe the Apartments of Rosamond's Bower. 1810Scott Lady of L. i. xii, The primrose pale, and violet flower, Found in each cliff a narrow bower.
b. esp. a vague poetic word for an idealized abode, not realized in any actual dwelling.
c1600Shakes. Sonn. cxxvii. 7 Sweet beauty hath no name, no holy bower. 1644Milton Areop. (Arb.) 46 The bowr of earthly blisse. 1770Goldsm. Des. Vill. 5 Dear lovely bowers of innocence and ease. 1781Cowper Hope 164 Plucks amaranthine joys from bowers of bliss. 1858Neale Bernard de M. 34 O! princely bow'rs, O land of flow'rs.
c. A fancy rustic cottage or country residence.
1810Scott Lady of L. i. xv, In that soft vale, a lady's bower. 1862Athenæum 30 Aug. 270 Miss Helen Campbell..gave an entertainment in his honour, at her bower in the Clachan Glen.
†d. A covered stall or booth at a fair. rare.
1506in Glasscock Records St. Michael's 31 Rec. on michelmas day for stonding of bowers wtn th chirchyerde ixd.
2. An inner apartment, esp. as distinguished from the ‘hall’, or large public room, in ancient mansions; hence, a chamber, a bed-room. Still in north. dial.; in literature only archaic and poetic.
c1000ælfric Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 124 Cubiculum, bedcofa vel bur. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 139 He..ches þere crundel to halle · and eorðhole to bure. c1205Lay. 29218 Þer inne he bulde ænne bur. a1300Cursor M. 3921 A godd had laban in his bure. c1386Chaucer Nun's Pr. T. 12 Fful sooty was hir bour and eek hire halle. c1440Promp. Parv. 46 Bowre, chambyr, thalamus, conclave. c1460in Babees Bk. (1868) 13 In halle, yn bowre, or at þe borde. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 616 Euerilk office, baith in hall and bour. 1596Spenser Astroph. 28 Merily masking both in bowre and hall. 1674Ray N.C. Wds. 7 Boor, the Parlour, Bedchamber or inner room. Cumb. 1814Scott Ld. of Isles iii. vii, Now torch and menial tendance led Chieftain and knight to bower and bed. 1851Cumbld. Gloss., Boor, the inner room. 1868Freeman Norm. Conq. II. ix. 357 His sons..carried him to the king's own bower.
b. Especially applied to a lady's private apartment; a boudoir. Now only poetic.
a1000Cædmon's Gen. 109 (Bosw.) On bure, ahof bryd Abrahames hleahtor. a1300Cursor M. 4411 Was neuer don to leuedi mar Scam..þan..Ioseph soght on me in bour. c1325Coer de L. 879 The kynges doughter lay in her boure. c1380Sir Ferumb. 2165 Sayde þ⊇ heþen kyng ‘In my doȝtere bour þar þay ben’. 1810Scott Lady of L. v. viii, Love-lorn swain in lady's bower. 1850Mrs. Browning Rom. Page x, Her bower may suit thee ill! 1866Kingsley Herew. viii. 135 She enticed him into her bower.
3. A place closed in or overarched with branches of trees, shrubs, or other plants; a shady recess, leafy covert, arbour.
The first two quots. rather anticipate than illustrate this use of the word.
[c1325E.E. Allit. P. C. 437 He busked hym a bour..Of hay & of euer-ferne & erbez a fewe. 1509Fisher Wks. 232 Caused an yue tree to sprynge vp sodeynly rounde aboute his boure.] 1523–5Ld. Berners Froiss. I. lxxx. (R.) To lodge in bowers of trees, more nerer to the towne. 1596Shakes. 1 Hen. IV, iii. i. 210 Ditties..Sung by a faire Queene in a Summers Bowre. 1667Milton P.L. iv. 246 Where the unpierc't shade Imbround the noontide Bowrs. 1706Addison Rosamond i. i, The bower, that wanders In meanders, Ever bending..Glades on Glades. 1727Bradley Fam. Dict. I. s.v., Care must be had that you do not confound the Word Bower with Arbour; because the first is always built long and arch'd, whereas the second is either round or square at Bottom, and has a sort of Dome or Ceiling at the Top. 1827Keble Chr. Y. 5th Sund. aft. Easter, A gracious rain, freshening the weary bower.
4. A structure reared by the bower-bird.
1869Nicholson Zool. lxvi. (1880) 625 These curious birds have the habit of building very elaborate bowers..These bowers are wholly independent of their nests. 1884Grant Allen in Pall Mall G. 20 Sept. 3/2 He had brought a bower of the Australian bower-birds over to England.
5. attrib. and Comb., as bower eaves, bower-enshaded, bower-head, etc.; bower-may (arch.) = bower-maiden; bower-page, a lady's attendant (arch.); † bower-thane (see quot.); † bowre-window (see quot.). Also bower-bird, -maiden, -woman.
1842Tennyson Margaret v, Look out below your *bower-eaves.
1816L. Hunt Rimini iii. 442 *Bower-enshaded kisses.
a1825Ballad ‘Fair Annie’ xi. in Child Ballads iii. (1885) 76/1 She is up to her *bower-head, To behold both sea and land.
1870Morris Earthly Par. III. iv. 48 No life of bliss Like sewing gold mid *bower-mays.
1830C. Clarke 3 Courses 17 The striplings..more adapted to be *bower-pages to those high-born dames.
1845Thorpe tr. Lappenburg's Hist. Eng. (L.) The chamberlain, or *bower-thane, was also the royal treasurer.
1805H. Repton Landscape Gard. 178 Large recesses or bays, sometimes called *bowre windows, and now bow windows.
▪ II. bower, n.2|ˈbəʊə(r)|
[f. bow n.1 and v.2 + -er.]
†1. A maker of bows; a bowyer. Obs.
c1440York Myst. xxix. 254 The Bowers and Flecchers. 1466Mann. & Househ. Exp. 367, I payd to the bower fore dyverse gere, vjs. 1483Cath. Angl. 38 A Bower, arcuarius. 1733P. Lindsay Interest Scot. 56 The Bowers, Fletchers, and several others.
2. One who plays with a bow on a violin or other stringed instrument.
1668Shadwell Sullen Lov. ii. Wks. 1720 I. 43 He is a most incomparable Bower, he has..the most luxurious Bow-hand of any man in Europe.
▪ III. bower, n.3|ˈbaʊə(r)|
[f. bow v.1 + -er1.]
1. One who bows, stoops, etc.; (see bow v.1)
1630Prynne Lame Giles 44 The Anti-puritan bowers at the name of Iesus. 1641R. Brooke Eng. Episc. ii. vii. 113 Bowers and Cringers. 1849Life J. Skinner iv. (1884) 60 When the bow is made, the bower walks out of the room.
2. One who bends anything.
1580North Plutarch 4 A wreather or bower of Pine⁓apple trees. 1921Dict. Occup. Terms (1927) §278 Bower, fish hook bower,..sets, feeds and operates small fly press which bends fish hooks and forms ring at end.
†3. That which causes to bend; esp. a muscle.
1596Spenser F.Q. i. viii. 42 His rawbone armes, whose mighty brawned bowrs Were wont to rive steele plates. 1611Cotgr., Flecheurs, benders, pliers, bowers..the muscles that serue to bow the joynts of the fingers.
▪ IV. bower, n.4|ˈbaʊə(r)|
[f. bow n.3 + -er1: cf. three-decker, etc.]
1. The name of two anchors, the best-bower, and small-bower, carried at the bows of a vessel; also the cable attached to such anchor.
1709Lond. Gaz. No. 4521/2 Our small Bower..was drove through our Ship's Bow. 1748Anson Voy. i. vii. (ed. 4) 101 To cut their cable, and leave their best bower behind them. 1769Falconer Dict. Marine (1789) I b, Three good cables; the sheet cable, and the two bowers; best and small. 1842Marryat P. Keene xxxix. 278, I shall back the best bower with the sheet, and let go the small bower at the same time. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. 124 Starboard being the best bower, and port the small bower.
2. More fully called bower-anchor, bower-cable.
1652Proc. Parliament No. 142. 2223 My..best bower Ancher hooked in one of his Ports. 1748Anson Voy. ii. ii. (ed. 4) 186 A violent gust of wind..instantly parted our small bower cable. 1772–84Cook Voy. (1790) VI. 2107 A great piece of ice..brought home the small bower anchor. 1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. I. iv. iv. 179 By sure bower-anchor hangs and swings the tight war-ship.
fig.1823Byron Juan xii. iii, Theirs is the best bower-anchor, the chain cable Which holds fast other pleasures. 1874Spurgeon Treas. Dav. Ps. lxxxix. 1 The divine faithfulness..is the bower anchor of the soul.
▪ V. † ˈbower, n.5 Obs.
[a. Du. bouwer or Ger. bauer: see boor.]
A peasant, husbandman.
c1430Lydg. Min. Poems (1840) 192 Of tilthe of lande treteth the boueer. a1563Bale Sel. Wks. (1849) 191 Done to death in Frisland by the bowers of the country for teaching a strange religion.
▪ VI. † ˈbower, n.6, ˈbowess Obs. rare.
[f. bough n. + -er (prob. after brancher), for which the fem. -ess was afterwards substituted.]
(See quots.)
c1460Bk. Hawkyng in Rel. Ant. I. 293 When they [young hawks] begynne to feder..they woll drawe them oute of here neste, and clambre over bowes, and come agayn to here neste, and then beth clepid bowers. 1486Bk. St. Alban's A ij b, They will..draw to bowis..then thay be clepit Bowessis. 1706Phillips, Bower or Bowess (in Falconry), a young Hawk so nam'd, when she draws any thing out of her Nest, and covets to clamber on the Boughs.
▪ VII. bower, n.7 Sc.
[f. bow n.4 herd of cattle + -er1. Pronounced in Sc. (ˈbuːər, ˈbaʊər).]
A tenant who rents a herd of cows along with their pasture and fodder from a proprietor or farmer, and makes what profit he can out of their produce, after paying the rent; or who gives his labour as his share, and divides profits with the proprietor of the stock. Cf. bouman.
▪ VIII. bower, n.8|ˈbaʊə(r)|
[a. Ger. bauer peasant, one sense of which is ‘knave at cards’.]
In the game of Euchre the name of the two highest cards—the knave of trumps, and the knave of the same colour, called right and left bower respectively.
a1871B. Harte Heathen Chinee, At last he put down a right bower, Which the same Nye had dealt unto me. 1884Detroit Free Press Oct. (Negro Orator) De black man has de bowers in his hand.
▪ IX. bower, v.|baʊə(r), ˈbaʊə(r)|
[f. bower n.1]
1. trans. To embower; to enclose. lit. and fig.
1592Shakes. Rom. & Jul. iii. ii. 81 When thou did'st bower the spirit of a fiend In mortall paradise of such sweet flesh? 1798Southey Eng. Eclog. i, Jessamine..canopied And bower'd and lined the porch. a1860M. Arnold Sch. Gipsy iii.
†2. intr. To lodge, shelter, make one's dwelling.
1596Spenser F.Q. vi. x. vi, Trees of honour..Spredding pavilions for the birds to bowre.
▪ X. bower
var. of bougher. |