| 释义 |
▪ I. scavenge, n. (Formerly at scavenge v.)|ˈskævɪndʒ|
[f. scavenge v.]
1. = scavenging vbl. n. 2 a. Freq. attrib.
1912A. P. Chalkley Diesel Engines vi. 156 On the up stroke the scavenge ports..are closed before the exhaust ports. 1925Glasgow Herald 1 Apr. 11/2 This new type of engine, with its straight through scavenge and absence of air and exhaust valves. 1930Engineering 21 Nov. 645/3 The scavenge pumps for the Junkers engine are mounted on the locomotive frame. 1949T. D. Walshaw Diesel Engine Design xviii. 338 Typical figures for an engine supercharged to give 50 per cent. increase in available B.H.P. are: 30 per cent. through scavenge (i.e. a volume of air equal to 30 per cent. of the cylinder volume is swept through the exhaust valve), and the amount of overlap would be about 135°. 1955Know your Tractor (Shell) i. 11 The air for combustion assists removal of the exhaust gases; it is therefore known as ‘scavenge’ air, and its admission to the engine as ‘scavenging’. 1957[see lube n. and v.]. 1975A. J. Wharton Diesel Engines: Questions & Answers 19 Even in slow running engines, this allows only a very short period of time for scavenge to be completed.
2. An act of scavenging, in senses 2 b and 3 b of the vb.
Webster (1934) gives ‘Scavenge, n., act or process of scavenging’ but it is not clear whether this reflects anything other than sense 1.
1978Guardian Weekly 17 Sept. 24/3 Wales's twice-annual scavenge for Arms Park international tickets. 1982P. Fitzgerald At Freddie's iii. 24 The others ran, like little half-tame animals on the scavenge, through the alleys of the great market.
▪ II. scavenge, v.|ˈskævəndʒ|
[Back-formation from scavenger.]
1. trans. To clean out (dirt, etc.).
a1644Quarles Sheph. Orac. ii. (1646) 22 Should I but name The Tithe of that base dunghill trash, brought in By your Dominicans, scaveng'd out agin By worse Franciscans.
2. a. To scrape dirt from (the streets); also, to cleanse (the surface of a river).
1851Mayhew Lond. Labour II. 197/2 In wet weather there is at least twenty times more ‘mac’ than dung scavenged. 1866Act 28 & 30 Vict. c. 89 §52 The Conservators shall cause the Surface of the Thames to be effectually scavenged, in order to the Removal therefrom of Substances liable to Putrefaction.
transf.1858Kingsley Misc., Chalk-Stream I. 182 They are Vorticellæ; and every one of those bells, by the ciliary current on its rim, is scavenging the water—till a tadpole comes by and scavenges it.
b. To extract and collect (anything that can be used or eaten) from discarded material.
1922Joyce Ulysses 158 Saw her in the viceregal party when Stubbs the park ranger got me in with Whelan of the Express. Scavenging what the quality left. High tea. Mayonnaise I poured on the plums thinking it was custard. 1971J. S. Weiner Man's Natural History v. 199 Big-game hunters, living by means of scavenging dead mammoths. 1977Times Lit. Suppl. 7 Jan. 9/5 In Kingston [Jamaica]..‘scuffling’ (dealing in whatever can be scavenged).
3. absol. or intr.
a. In sense 2 a.
b. transf. To borrow; to thieve; to search through rubbish for (left-overs or unwanted objects).
In quot. 1960 simply ‘to search thoroughly’.
1883Harper's Mag. Mar. 528/1 We saw fleeting glimpses of working-women scavenging, hanging out clothes, huckstering. 1894Daily News 26 Apr. 2/4 Mr. Milvain..objected to the Conservancy being released..of their power to scavenge eastward. 1938Sun (Baltimore) 17 June 3/4 A woman relief investigator said aged men whom she recognized as relief clients were ‘scavenging’ at a market for discarded sprigs of celery. 1941Baker Dict. Austral. Slang 63 Scavenge, to, to borrow: to act the petty thief. 1960P. S. Beagle Fine & Private Place xiv. 252 She..scavenged frantically in her purse, trying to hold back a sneeze until she found a handkerchief. 1978S. Tennenbaum Rachel, the Rabbi's Wife (1979) x. 340 Rachel worked hard to refurbish her studio... She scavenged for pieces of furniture, and found an old armchair, a small table, and a low couch without a cushion.
4. a. trans. To remove (the combustion products) from the cylinders of an internal-combustion engine. Also absol., and with the engine or cylinder as object. Cf. scavenging vbl. n. 2.
1894[implied in scavenging vbl. n. 2 a]. 1903Amer. Inventor 15 Aug. 78/3 The engine under description scavenges thoroughly and completely upon the return stroke of the pistons. 1954E. J. Kates Diesel & High-Compression Gas Engines ii. 23 Just as before, this helps to get the exhaust gases out, or scavenges them. 1961K. C̆áslavský tr. Mackerle's Air-Cooled Motor Engines xviii. 376 With a mixing ratio λ > 1 the cylinder charge is increased by the amount of air contained in the exhaust gas not scavenged from the cylinder. 1966McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. VII. 208/2 Most medium and large two-cycle diesel engines are usually equipped with blowers to scavenge the cylinders after the working strokes and to supply the air required for the subsequent cycles. 1975M. J. Nunney Automotive Engine x. 246 The development of the two-stroke cycle of operation is generally attributed to Dugald Clerk who, in 1878, adopted this principle for a successful design of engine that was scavenged by a separate pumping cylinder.
b. Chem. To combine with or remove (free radicals, electrons, or other species).
1955Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. LXXVII. 3245/2 This would mean that all of the radicals which are being scavenged are swept from the solution by the mercaptan. 1966W. A. Pryor Free Radicals xxi. 324 An added free radical species will inhibit the process..if it scavenges S· but does not react with S to convert it to S·. 1974Sci. Amer. Dec. 71/1 Z is eventually restored to neutrality by scavenging four electrons from two water molecules. 1978Nature 1 June 374/1 Newly formed amorphous iron hydroxides seem to scavenge phosphate and silicate from solution.
Hence as n., = scavenging vbl. n. 2 a. Freq. attrib.
1912A. P. Chalkley Diesel Engines vi. 156 On the up stroke the scavenge ports..are closed before the exhaust ports. 1925Glasgow Herald 1 Apr. 11/2 This new type of engine, with its straight through scavenge and absence of air and exhaust valves. 1930Engineering 21 Nov. 645/3 The scavenge pumps for the Junkers engine are mounted on the locomotive frame. 1949T. D. Walshaw Diesel Engine Design xviii. 338 Typical figures for an engine supercharged to give 50 per cent. increase in available B.H.P. are: 30 per cent. through scavenge (i.e. a volume of air equal to 30 per cent. of the cylinder volume is swept through the exhaust valve), and the amount of overlap would be about 135°. 1955Know your Tractor (Shell) i. 11 The air for combustion assists removal of the exhaust gases; it is therefore known as ‘scavenge’ air, and its admission to the engine as ‘scavenging’. 1957[see lube n. and v.]. 1975A. J. Wharton Diesel Engines: Questions & Answers 19 Even in slow running engines, this allows only a very short period of time for scavenge to be completed. |