| 释义 |
purlieu|ˈpɜːl(j)uː|
Forms: 5 purlewe, 5–7 purlew, 6 -liue, 6–8 -lue, 7 -lieue, -liew, -leiw; purly, -lie; pourlieu, -liew; 8 purleue, perlew; 6– purlieu; also, in comb. 6 purle, purley.
[Exemplified in 1482 in the form purlew(e, app. an erroneous alteration of purley, syncopated from ˈpuraley, the natural Eng. spelling (cf. alley, city, army) in the 15th c. of AF. puralé, -alée, taken in its transferred sense (puralé 2).
For the history of puralé, -alee |puraˈleː| in English between c 1330 and 1482 written evidence is wanting; in Anglo-Fr. legal documents it continued to be written puralé, poralee (examples of which, of 1370–78, in the sense ‘purlieu’ appear under puralé 2); but, as an English word, it would naturally become puraley, puraly |ˈpʊrəle, ˈpʊrəlɪ|, and easily be syncopated to purley, purly, as still seen in the 16th c. and later, esp. in the comb. purleyman, which shows that this was the pronunciation even after the spelling was changed. Purlew may have originated in a scribal error, or as a pseudo-etymological spelling, erroneously associating the word with lew, leu, lieu, place; app. it did not appear in law Fr. till later, when it was prob. taken over from Eng., and Gallicized as purlieu: see quot. 15741.]
1. A piece or tract of land on the fringe or border of a forest; originally, one that, after having been (wrongly, as was thought) included within the bounds of the forest, was disafforested by a new perambulation, but still remained in some respects, especially as to the hunting or killing of game, subject to provisions of the Forest Laws.
1482Rolls of Parlt. VI. 224/1 Within his Forest of Rokyngham, and other Forests, Chaces within his Reame of Englond, or Purlews of the same. Ibid., To the likly destruction of the same Forest, Chaces and Purlewes. 1533J. Heywood Play Weather (1903) 414 Rangers and kepers of certayne places, As forests, parkes, purlews and chasys. 1570B. Googe Pop. Kingd. ii. (1880) 21 Large fieldes, with medowes fayre and townes and parks and purlues large. [1574in J. Dyer Reports (1592) 327 En le manor dun Fortescue de S. adjoynont al dit chace, come en le purlieu del chase..le libertie del purlieu remayna unextincted.] 1574in Hist. Fortescue Fam. (1880) 322 The next day..comes the boy that was wont to hunt that purliue. 1574[see purlieu-man]. 1600Shakes. A.Y.L. iv. iii. 77 Pray you (if you know), Where in the Purlews of this Forrest, stands A sheep-coat, fenc'd about with Oliue-trees? 1616Bullokar Eng. Expos., Purlue, a place neere ioining to a Forrest, where it is lawful for the owner of the ground to hunt, if hee can dispend fortie shillings by the yeere of freeland. a1634Coke Inst. iv. lxxiii. Courts Forests (1648) 303 Purlieu containeth such grounds which H. 2. R. 1. or King John added to their ancient Forests over other mens grounds, and which were disafforested by force of the statute of Carta de foresta, cap. 1 and cap. 3, and the perambulations and grants thereupon. Ibid. 305 (2 R. 2 No. 48) The Commons made Petition that men might enjoy their purlieus freely [orig. F. q'ils puissent avoir lour Poralés], and that perambulations might be made as was in the time of King H[enry] 2. c1645Howell Lett. (1688) IV. xvi. 455 In Henry the third's time..ther was much Land disafforested, which hath bin call'd pourlieus ever since. 1665J. Webb Stone-Heng 126 How far did the Purlews of this Forrest extend? 1839Keightley Hist. Eng. I. 412 The King's officers were frequently attempting to recover the purlieus, or those lands adjoining the forests which had originally belonged to them, but had been disafforested by the charter of forests.
2. transf. and fig. A place where one has the right to range at large; a place where one is free to come and go, or which one habitually frequents; a haunt; one's bounds, limits, beat.
1643Sir T. Browne Relig. Med. i. §51 Surely, though we place Hell under earth, the Devils walke and purlue is about it. a1680Butler Rem., Cat & Puss 31 Wing'd with Passion, through his known Purlieu, Swift as an Arrow from a Bow, he flew. 1704Swift T. Tub Pref., Wit has its walks and its purlieus, out of which it may not stray the breadth of an hair. 1744Mem. W. Stukeley (Surtees) I. 368, I design to enter upon winter quarters, and travel chiefly the perlews of my garden. 1830in Cobbett Rur. Rides (1885) II. 348 At the village of Hailstone, I got into the purlieu, as they call it in Hampshire, of a person well known in the Wen. 1884Browning Ferishtah, Bean-Stripe 155 There's the palm-aphis..and his world's the palm-frond,..An inch of green for cradle, pasture-ground, Purlieu and grave.
†b. Phrase. to hunt, follow one's game in purlieu, in the purlieus, to pursue illicit love. Obs.
1611Beaum. & Fl. Philaster iv. i, He Hunts too much in the Purlues, would he would leave off Poaching. a1634Randolph Muses Looking-glasse iv. iii, To such as hunt in Purly; this is something With mine own Game reserv'd. 1690Dryden Amphitryon i. i, He is weary of hunting in the spacious Forest of a Wife, and is following his Game incognito, in some little Purliew here at Thebes.
3. pl.
a. transf. The parts about the border of any place; the outskirts. arch.
1650Fuller Pisgah iv. iii. 44 It had some fertile intervalls, especially in the skirts, and purlews thereof, as about mount Horeb. 1667Milton P.L. ii. 833 A place of bliss In the Pourlieues of Heav'n. 1712Blackmore Creation (1786) 52 Venus, which in the purlieus of the sun Does now above him, now beneath him run. 1835W. Irving Tour Prairies xi, A wolf..was skulking about the purlieus of the camp. 1850Tennyson In Mem. lxxxviii. 12 They pleased him, fresh from brawling courts And dusty purlieus of the law.
b. fig. The region forming the outlying part of anything abstract. Cf. pale n.1 5. arch.
1647Ward Simp. Cobler 7 Rather to live within the pale of Truth where they may bee quiet, than in the purlievs, where they are sure to bee hunted ever and anon. 1664G. Etherege Comical Rev. i. iii, I walk within the purlieus of the law. 1712Steele Spect. No. 266 ⁋4 To understand all the Purleues of this Game the better..I must venture my self, with my Friend Will. into the Haunts of Beauty and Gallantry.
4. An outlying district of a city or town, a suburb (obs.); also, the meaner streets about some main thoroughfare; a mean, squalid, or disreputable street or quarter. Also attrib.
1618Bolton Florus (1636) 79 Sicilia was now become a purleiw, or suburbe-province of the Roman State. a1625Fletcher Chances i. vi, Sure he's gone home: I have beaten all the purlieus, But cannot bolt him. 1748Smollett Rod. Rand. xlix, Two tatterdemalions whom he had engaged..about the purlieus of St. Giles's. a1834Lamb Sir F. Dunstan Misc. Wks. (1871) 390 A wretched shed in the most beggarly purlieu of Bethnal Green.
5. attrib. and Comb., as † purlieu dinner (sense 4), purlieu-hunter; purlieu-wood: see quot.
1621Burton Anat. Mel. i. ii. v. i, As a purly hunter, I haue hitherto beaten about the circuit of the forrest of this Microcosme. 1794in Jas. Donaldson Agric. Surv. Northampt. 37 Purlieu-woods are those woods which are situate immediately in the vicinity of the forest. 1815Byron Let. Wks. (1899) III. 204 Murray has been cruelly cudgelled in his way home from a purlieu dinner, and robbed. |