| 释义 |
▪ I. brash, n.1 Chiefly dial.|bræʃ|
Also 6 brasche.
[perh. onomatopœic, with associations of break, brast, etc. and of crash, dash, etc. In senses 2, 3, perhaps distinct, with other associations, e.g. rash, and splash.]
†1. An attack, assault; a bout. Sc. and n. dial.
1573Scot. Poems 16th C. II. 292 At the bak wall wes the brasche they gaue. a1600Montgomerie Poems (1821) 195 Curage bydis the brash. 1638H. Adamson Muses Thren. Introd. 8 (Jam.) The last brashe was made by a letter of the prime poet of our Kingdome. 1724Ramsay Evergreen II. (title) A Brash of Wouing.
2. A slight attack of sickness or indisposition; esp. one arising from a disorder of the alimentary canal. Hence teething-brash, weaning-brash.
1785Burns Sc. Drink xv, Wae worth that brandy, burning trash, Fell source o' monie a pain an brash. a1800Gay Goss-Hawk 79 in Scott Minstr., As gin she had ta'en a sudden brash, And were about to die.
3. An eruption of fluid.
a. water-brash: an eructation or belching of water (acid, bitter, etc.) from the stomach, pyrosis.
b. A sudden dash or burst of rain. Cf. blash.
1811Willan Gloss. W. Riding, Brash, a sudden sickness, with acid rising into the mouth. 1825Jamieson, Water-brash. 1849Blackw. Mag. LXVI. 684 The wind returned..with an occasional brash of rain. 1856Emerson Eng. Traits Wks. 1874 II. 60 He is a churl with a soft place in his heart, whose speech is a brash of bitter waters. 1875Lanc. Gloss. (E.D.S.) 52 Brash, an eruption. [Water-brash in most of the E.D.S. northern and north. midl. Glossaries.]
▪ II. brash, n.2|bræʃ|
[perh. a corrupt form of F. brèche; cf. It. breccia of same meaning: but see brash a.1]
A mass or heap of fragments; applied to (a) loose broken rock forming the highest stratum beneath the soil of certain districts: rubble; (cf. corn-brash); (b) fragments of crushed ice, hence brash-ice; (c) refuse boughs or branches, hedge clippings, twigs. Also attrib.
a1722[implied in brashy a.1]. 1787Winter Syst. Husb. 283 The soil a loam, on a stone brash clay. 1837Macdougall tr. Graah's Greenland 62 A stream of loose brash-ice proceeding from the ice-blinks. 1853Kane Grinnell Exp. xiv. (1856) 102 Icy fragments or ‘brash’. 1882in Standard 2 Sept. 2/4 On the light stone brash estates birds are very small and scarce.
▪ III. brash, a.1 Now chiefly in U.S.|bræʃ|
[perh. onomatopœic; ? influenced by break and rash.]
Fragile, brittle: used chiefly of timber.
1566Drant Wail. Hierim. K viij, Their cracklinge hydes, britle and brashe as dryed barke of tree. c1850Nat. Encycl. I. 618 Brash, [Americanism] for brittle. 1860Merc. Mar. Mag. VII. 168 A species of oak, very brash when newly cut. 1860Bartlett Dict. Amer., Brash, Brittle. In New England..used..of wood or timber that is brittle.
▪ IV. brash, a.2
[? Connected with prec. or with brash n.1]
1. a. Hasty, rash, impetuous; (orig. U.S.), impulsive, assertive, impudent; crude, insensitive; flashy. Also as adv.
(Quots. 1837 and 1889 are U.S.)
1824Craven Dial. 24 What a brash raggald! 1837R. M. Bird Nick of Woods I. viii. 120 Strannger thar's as brash as a new hound in a b'ar fight. 1875Lanc. Gloss. (E.D.S.), Brash, hasty. 1889‘C. E. Craddock’ Despot of Broomsedge Cove ii. 27 Ye notice how turrible brash Josiah Preen be,—can't wait fur pa'son ter summons him. 1928Punch 4 Apr. 374/2 He was going out in his brash street-suit with the flash tie. 1946J. B. Priestley Bright Day viii. 248 That feeling of inevitable national superiority..which makes decent people seem brash and insensitive. 1948W. Sansom South 114 The dogs of Italy do not chase cats like their brash northern brothers. 1950R. Macdougall To Dorothy, A Son in Plays of Yr. 418 The room has the lurid, brash appearance of an American cocktail bar. 1956A. Wilson Anglo-Saxon Att. i. i. 7 This brash young American little knew what sore places he was invading with his clumsy fingers. 1958Oxf. Mag. 1 May 390/2 One of those amiable institutions which survive in an alien age until they stand directly challenged by some brash newcomer.
b. Hard, harsh, rough. Also as adv. U.S.
1868Putnam's Mag. Dec. 675/1 See here,..you are playing this a little too brash. 1872Schele de Vere Americanisms 446. 1880 A. W. Tourgée Bricks without Straw 116 He was pretty brash wid me, an 'llowed ter hit me wid a stick. 1896G. Ade Artie iii. 23, I swore I'd get next, no matter what kind of a brash play I had to make. 1904W. H. Smith Promoters 51 We won't rob 'em entirely; there isn't any use in being altogether too brash.
2. Active, quick. Also as adv. U.S.
1884‘Mark Twain’ Huck. Finn 62 When I got to camp I warn't feeling very brash, there warn't much sand in my craw. 1888‘C. E. Craddock’ Keedon Bluffs 63 Whar's that buckeye tree ye war a-goin ter cut down fur me so brash? 1891M. E. Ryan Pagan of Alleghanies 118, I ain't so brash in the timber as I'd like to be.
▪ V. † brash, v.1 Obs.
Also 9 brasch.
[Cf. brash n.1, also brush v.2 and ME. brissen.]
trans. (and absol.) To assault, attack; to breach (a wall or other defence). Also fig.
c1565R. Lindsay Cron. Scot. (1814) 309 (Jam.) His captanes..war all hanged when he had brasched and wone the hous. 1570–3R. Bannatyne Jrnl. (1806) 274 (Jam.) They suld have brashit the wall whair thair batter was made. 1629Sir W. More True Crucif. 195 (Jam.) Whose breast did beare, brash't with displeasure's dart, A bruised spirit and a broken heart. 1638Farley Emblems, Death lies in ambush..And brasheth where our sconces weakest be.
▪ VI. brash, v.2|bræʃ|
[See brash n.2 and cf. brush v.2 7.]
trans. To remove the lower branches of (a tree). Also with up. Hence ˈbrashing vbl. n.
1950Q. Jrnl. Forestry XLIV. 72 As a fire precaution..a belt 30 ft. wide should be completely brashed up as soon as possible. Ibid. 75 ‘Brushing up or brashing’ means the removal of the lower boughs up to 5 to 7 ft. 1959W. K. Richmond Brit. Birds of Prey xiii. 150 Forestry Commission plantations before they have been ‘brashed’. |