| 释义 |
Schick Med.|ʃɪk|
The name of Bela Schick (1877–1967), Hungarian-born U.S. pædiatrician, used attrib. and absol. to designate a test he devised consisting in the intradermal injection of diphtheria toxin: the absence of an erythematous reaction indicates previously acquired immunity to diphtheria. [Described by Schick in Münchener med. Wochenschr. (1908) LV. 504–6.]
1916Jrnl. Immunol. I. 203 This principle is applied today in the so-called Shick [sic] test of immunity to diphtheria. 1927R. Muir et al. Man. Bacteriol. (ed. 8) xvii. 478 If a positive Schick is present in addition, the reaction due to the unheated toxin will be more marked. 1955Sci. News Let. 9 Apr. 229/3 The Schick test, familiar to many school children, tells whether or not ‘shots’ to protect against diphtheria have been effective. 1971D. Lambert in C. Bonington Annapurna South Face 290 A test known as the Schick Test may have to be done beforehand.
Hence Schick-positive (-negative) adjs., showing (failing to show) an erythematous reaction in the Schick test.
1927R. Muir et al. Man. Bacteriol. (ed. 8) xvii. 476 If the suspected carrier is Schick-positive, i.e. non-immune, the organism is likely to be non-virulent. 1932Ibid. (ed. 9) xvii. 507 The proportion of Schick negative reactions increases with age much as in Europe; also the blood of Schick negative reactors contains diphtheria antitoxin. 1944L. E. H. Whitby Med. Bacteriol. (ed. 4) xiii. 237 Hospital nurses should always be actively immunized if they are Schick-positive. 1951Whitby & Hynes Ibid. (ed. 5) xiii. 239 Infants born of Schick-negative mothers are themselves immune to diphtheria for the few months during which maternal antibodies persist in the circulation. |