| 释义 |
▪ I. † breme, a. Obs. exc. poet. and dial. (brim) in sense 6.|briːm|
Forms: 1– bréme, 2– breme; also 3–6 brem, 3– brim, 3 brime, 4–6 brym, 5–6 brymme, bryme, 4–7 breeme, 6 brimme, 6–7 breem, (7 breame).
[In Branch I, OE. bróeme, bréme, (brýme), celebrated, famous. The origin of Branch II, which did not exist in OE., and was more decidedly northern in ME. use, is at present unexplained.
The Lindisf. Gosp. has (Matt., Pref. l. 10) broemende as a gloss of L. fervēre, which gives a sense related to branch II; but it is difficult to see the connexion between this and OE. bróeme, bréman. Nor can branch II be derived from OE. bremman to bray, roar, ‘rudere, fremere’, ME. brim v., though there may have been later confusion between a ‘breme’ or ‘brim’ boar, and a ‘brimming’ boar.]
I. Celebrated, brilliant, clear, loud, distinct.
†1. Celebrated, famous, glorious (only in OE.); hence as a general epithet of admiration: Excellent, good, ‘fine’, ‘famous’; sometimes app. = very big or strong. Obs.
a1000Ags. Ps. cxxxv[i]. 21 Og..wæs swyþe breme cyning on Basane. a1300Floriz & Bl. 792 Þilke feste was wel breme. c1325E.E. Allit. P. A. 862 Vchonez blysse is breme & beste. c1350Will. Palerne 18 A big barn and breme of his age. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xii. 224 How euere beste or brydde hath so breme wittes.
†2. Brilliant, shining, bright; hence, clearly seen, evident, apparent, obvious. Obs.
c1340Alisaunder 533 Of Barbre þe bryght God brem to beholde. c1400Destr. Troy 1563 Ymagry..Of bestes and babery breme to beholde. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 291 b, The lyght of grace..is so breme in these holy soules. 1548W. Patten Exp. Scotl. in Arb. Garner III. 106 They mustered somewhat brim in our eyes. 1581J. Studley Seneca's Medea 121 Lyfe seems the bayte to sight that lyeth brim, Death is the hooke that underlies the same. 1594Plat Jewel-ho. iii. 32 So brim and glittering light. 1605[see B.].
†3. Strong, distinct, or clear in sound. Obs.
a1300[see B.]. c1340Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 1601 There watz blawyng of prys in mony breme horne. Ibid. 2200 A wonder breme noyse. 1340Alex. & Dind. 503 Brem briddene song [in] þe braunchus a-lofte. 1581T. Howell Deuises (1879) 199 As a Bell sends forth the brimmest sownde, When deepest downe the Ringer plucks the frame. 1596Life Scanderbeg 368 Brimme noise of the drummes, trumpets and tamborins. 1606Sylvester Du Bartas ii. ii. iv. (1621) 301 But, brimmer far than in the Heav'ns, heer All these sweet-charming Counter-Tunes we hear.
†4. Of reports, rumours: Loudly or strongly current or prevalent, much spoken of. Obs.
1560Throgmorton in Froude Hist. Eng. (1881) VI. 439 The bruits were so brim of the marriage of the Lord Robert. 1529More Comf. agst. Trib. i. Wks. 1140/2 Sith these tydinges haue comen hether so brymme of the greate Turkes enterpryse. 1565Golding Ovid's Met. xii. (1593) 280 In their talke most breeme Was then Achilles victorie. 1617Argentile & C. in Percy Reliques (1767) II. 243 That thou Doest hold me in disdaine Is brimme abroad.
II. Fierce, raging, rough, rugged.
†5. Of persons and their attributes or actions: Fierce, raging, furious; stern, wroth. Obs.
c1200Ormin 7197 Herode king was grill & gramm, & breme, & bollȝhenn. a1300Cursor M. 4003 Esau coms brem and brath. c1400Destr. Troy 9632 Brem was þe battell vpon both haluys. c1440Promp. Parv. 51 Brym or fers, ferus, ferox. 1496Dives and Paup. (W. de W.) x. Introd. 31 Whan all other synnes forsake men for elde and feblenesse, than couetyse is moost breme. 1513Douglas æneis vi. v. 41 This sorofull boitman with brym [v.r. breme] luik. 1556Abp. Parker Psalter H iv, Amyds my foes so brymme. 1580Sidney Arcadia ii. 224 Let not pride make the brim.
†b. similarly of beasts; esp. as an epithet of the boar (perh. with ref. to sense of brim v.). Obs.
a1300Cursor M. 4899 Þe sargantz þat ware brem [v.r. breme, brim] als bare. c1420Sir Amadace xvi, He come to me as breme as bare. c1530Ld. Berners Arth. Lyt. Bryt. (1814) 56 Who hath the loke of a brim bore. 1535Stewart Cron. Scotl. II. 461 Lyke ony lyoun he wes als brym and bald. 1550Lyndesay Sq. Meldrum 518 As brym as he had bene ane beir. a1553Udall Royster D. iv. vi, Never bore so brymme, nor tost so hot. a1650Turke & G. 36 in Furniv. Percy Folio I. 92 Though ye be breme as bore.
†c. of a fierce flame or blaze. Obs. or arch.
c1374Chaucer Troylus iv. 156 As breme as blase of straw yset a fyre. c1400Destr. Troy 860 Þe fyre..was blasound of brunston with a brem lowe. 1818Ballad in Edin. Mag. Oct. 327 (Jam.) The sun sae breem frae hint a clud, Pour't out the lowan day.
6. Of the sea, wind, etc.: Raging, rough, fierce, stormy: an attribute of winter, taken from Lydgate by Spenser, and echoed from Spenser by later poets. It survives in living use in north. dial. as brim.
a1300Havelok 2233 That he sholde drenchen him In the se, that was ful brim. 1330R. Brunne Chron. 28 Kast him in tille Temse, whan it was most brym. c1400Destr. Troy 3714 A brode in the breme se. 1430Lydg. Chron. Troy ii. xvi, The breme wynter with his frost hore. 1513Douglas æneis vii. Prol. 15 Brym blastis of the northyne art. 1579Spenser Sheph. Cal. Feb. 42, Breme [Gloss. chill, bitter] winter with chamfred browes. 1598Drayton Heroic. Epist. xvi. 8 On whose breeme Seas the Icie Mountaines flote. 1603― Odes x. 30 T'asswage breeme Winters scathes. 1611Cotgr., Froid, cold..breame, chill. a1618J. Davies Eglog. (1772) 114 Looke how breeme winter chamfers earths bleeke face. 1748Thomson Cast. Indol. ii. vii, Glad summer or the winter breme. 1808Jamieson s.v. Brim, ‘A brim frost’ is still a common phrase for a severe frost. S.B. 1824J. H. Wiffen Tasso i. vi.
†7. Also in brem valay: rough, rugged valley; breres brimme: sharp briers. Obs.
c1340Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 2145 To þe boþem of þe brem valay. c1400Rom. Rose 1836 Thisteles thikke, And breres brymme for to prikke.
B. quasi-adv. in the various senses: Splendidly, brilliantly, clearly; loudly; fiercely.
a1000Andreas (Gr.) 1721 Breme ᵹebledsod. a1300in Wright Lyric P. 44 When briddes singeth breme. c1340Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 781 Þe bryge watz breme vp-brayde. c1386Chaucer Knt.'s T. 841 Arcite and Palamon, That foughten breeme, as it were boores tuo. a1500E.E. Misc. (Warton) 65 Gabrelle schalle bloo both brymne and scrylle. 1577tr. Bullinger's Decades (1592) 619 [It doth] shine out very brightly, but far more brim if we, etc. 1605Sylvester Du Bartas i. iv. (1633) 79 The rest..we do more brim behold. 1607W. Barksted Mirrha (1876) 12 Eccho was pleas'd with voice resounding brim.
▪ II. breme
obs. form of bream, a fish.
▪ III. breme
obs. or dial. f. brim v., said of swine. |