| 释义 |
▪ I. brock, n.1 Chiefly dial.|brɒk|
Forms: 1, 4 broc, 3–7 brocke, 4–5 brokk(e, 4–6 brok, 6 broke, 3– brock.
[OE. broc, from Celtic: in OIr. brocc, Ir. and Gael. broc, Welsh and Cornish broch, Breton broc'h:—OCeltic *broccos, prob. cogn. w. Gr. ϕορκός grey, white; cf. the Eng. name gray, grey.]
1. A badger: a name, in later times, associated especially with the epithet stinking.
c1000Sax. Leechd. I. 326 Sum fyþerfete nyten is, þæt nemnað taxonem, þæt ys broc on englisc. c1205Lay. 12817 Heo hudeden heom alse brockes. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. (Helmingham MS.) xii. x, The blak rauen is frende to þe foxe, and þerfore he fyȝteþ with þe brokke. c1400Ywaine & Gaw. 98 It es ful semeli, als me think, A brok omang men forto stynk. c1440York Myst. xxix. 117 He lokis like a brokke, Were he in a bande for to bayte. a1528Skelton Agst. Garnesche 55 She seyd your brethe stank lyke a broke. 1552Huloet, Brocke or badger, or graye beast, taxo. 1637B. Jonson Sad Sheph. i. iv. 32 Or with pretence of chasing thence the Brock, Send in a curre to worrie the whole Flock. 1786Burns Twa Dogs 96 They gang as saucy by poor folk, As I wad by a stinking brock. 1816Scott Antiq. xxi, ‘I..rub shouthers wi' a bailie wi' as little concern as an he were a brock’. 1869Daily News 30 July, Purses, made of a fox's head and skin, or that of a brock.
†b. catachr. confused with the beaver. Obs.
1387Trevisa Higden Rolls Ser. I. 327 White beres, bausons, and brokkes [ursi albi, fibri, et castores]. Ibid. VI. 205 Þat place hatte Beverlay and heet Brook his lay, for many brokkes..come þider out of þe hilles. 1483Cath. Angl. 44 A Brokk, castor, beuer. 1591Percivall Sp. Dict., Bivaro, a badger or brocke, fiber, castor.
2. A stinking or dirty fellow; one who is given to ‘dirty tricks’; a ‘skunk’.
a1600Peele Jests II. 289 This self-conceited brock. 1601Shakes. Twel. N. ii. v. 114 Marrie, hang thee, brocke. 1725Ramsay Gent. Sheph. iv. i, Ye'll gar me stand! ye shevelling-gabbit brock. 1880Antrim & Down Gloss. (E.D.S.), Brock, a dirty person; one who has a bad smell.
3. attrib. and Comb., as brock-breasted, brock-faced adjs. (referring to the streaked face of the badger); † brock-skin, a badger-skin (in Wyclif app. due to confusion of L. mēles, mēlis, with mēlōta Gr. µηλωτή sheepskin, f. µῆλον); † brock-wool, hair of the beaver (see 1 b.).
a1400Morte Arth. 1095 *Brok-brestede as a brawne, with brustils fulle large.
1824Craven Dial. 22 Th' *brock-faced branded stirk.
1382Wyclif Hebr. xi. 37 Thei wenten aboute in *brok skynnes [Vulg. in melotis], and in skynnes of geet. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 246 b, Goynge about in gotes & brockes skynnes.
1500Ort. Voc. in Promp. Parv. 53 Fibrina vestis..a clothe of *brocke woll.
▪ II. brock, n.2 dial.
[OE. broc; cf. ON. brokkr ‘a trotter, of a horse’ Vigf.]
? A horse, a trotting horse; an inferior horse, a jade.
c1000Sax. Leechd. II. 184 Secen him broc on onrade. c1386Chaucer Friar's T. 243 The Cartere smoot and cryde..Hayt Brok, hayt Scot, what spare ye for the stones. 1586Warner Alb. Eng. ii. x. 47 She stumbled headlong downe..hoyst Brock, her good-man saide; And thirdly falling, kindly bad her breake her necke, olde Iade. 1847–78Halliwell, Brock, a cow, or husbandry horse.
▪ III. brock, n.3 dial.
[Of uncertain origin: possibly a corruption of L. brūcus, brūchus: see bruke. The two senses may have no connexion.]
†1. ? = L. ophiomachus (Vulg. Lev. xi. 22), a kind of locust: cf. bruke. Only OE.
c1050Ags. Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 460 Ophiomachus, broc.
2. The larva of the frog-hopper, which produces the cuckoo-spit; also the insect itself. mod. dial.
1788Marshall E. Yorks. (E.D.S.), Brock, a young grasshopper [2nd ed. 1796 substitutes ‘cicada spumaria, the cuckowspit insect’]. ‘He sweats like a brock!’ 1875Robinson Whitby Gloss. (E.D.S.), Brock, the cuckoo-spit, ‘sweating insect’, or frog-hopper, the ‘cicada spumata’, found upon leaves in an immersion of froth. 1877in Holderness Gloss. (E.D.S.).
▪ IV. brock, n.4 ? Obs.
[contr. of brocket.]
= brocket.
c1515Berkeley Castle, MS. Forester's Acc., Item a brocke at fframtonys parke. 1677N. Cox Gentl. Recreation i. (1706) 6, I..must call a Hart..The third year, a Brocke. 1781Smellie tr. Buffon's Nat. Hist. IV. 87 They take the name of knobbers till their horns lengthen into spears, and then they are called brocks or staggards. 1884Jefferies Red Deer ii. 39 In the olden time he would have been called a brocke or brocket.
▪ V. brock, n.5
(See quot.)
1770Hasted in Phil. Trans. LXI. 164 In the ancient forests of Kent..remain large old chesnut stubs or brocks.
▪ VI. † brock, v. Obs. rare.
[Identified by Mätzner with OHG. brochôn, mod.G. brocken to break into bits, crumble (bread into milk), used in Swiss in sense ‘to use coarse words’: but the sense-history is obscure.]
app. To give mouth, speak querulously (perhaps to utter broken language).
c1315Shoreh. 106 Aȝe the crokkere to brokke, Wy madest thou me so. c1386Chaucer Miller's T. 191 He syngeth brokkynge [so 6 texts, Harl. crowyng] as a nyghtyngale.
▪ VII. brock
dial. var. of broke, a fragment. |