| 释义 |
▪ I. abash, v.|əˈbæʃ|
Forms: 4 abayss, abaisse, abasse; 4–5 abaisshe, -aische, -asche, -assche; 5–6 abasshe, -asche, -aszshe; 4–6 abashe; 6– abash. Northern: 4–6 abaiss(e, abase.
[ad. Anglo-Fr. abaïss- = OFr. ebaïss-, esbaïss-, lengthened stem (occurring in pple. abaïss-ant, 3 pl. abaïss-ent, subj. abaïsse, etc.) of ésb-aïr, mod.Fr. ébahir; f. es:—Lat. ex ‘out, utterly’ + baïr, bahir = Ital. baïre to astound, regarded as formed on bah! a natural exclamation of astonishment. The OFr. -iss here became -ish, as in perish, finish, punish, and the i was absorbed, as in punch; in the north the -s remained, as in cheriss, fluriss, punyss; hence a formal confusion between northern forms of abash, and the distinct vb. abase, q.v.]
1. To destroy the self-possession or confidence of (any one), to put out of countenance, confound, discomfit, or check with a sudden consciousness of shame, presumption, error, or the like.
a. active.
1375Barbour Bruce viii. 247 And thouch that thai be ma than we, That suld abaiss ws litill thing. 1430Pilg. Lyf of Man 117 It is thilke bi whiche I abashe alle the bestes of the cuntre. 1496W. de Worde Dives & Pauper xiv. viii. 340/1 The lyon with his crye abassheth all other bestes. 1570Levins Manipulus, To Abashe Stupefacere. 1574tr. Marlorats Apocalips 26 For although lightning be bright, yet is it not chærefull, but rather abasheth men. 1600Heywood 1st Edw. IV, iv. 27 To weaken and abash their fortitude. 1751Fielding Amelia iii. ix. Wks. 1784 VIII. 304 A man whom no denial, no scorn could abash. 1863H. Rogers Life of J. Howe iii. 83 If not to convince, to silence and abash the gainsayer.
†b. refl. [mod.Fr. has only the refl. form s'ébahir.] To gape with surprise, to stand confounded. Obs.
c1450Lonelich Holy Grail xxi. 291 Thanne the Kyng Abasched him sore For þe wordes he herde thore. 1485Caxton Paris & Vienne 62 Abasshe you not for thys derkenes.
c. Most common in the pass.: to be, stand, or feel abashed; at an occasion, of (obs.), by a cause.
c1325E.E. Allit. P. 42. 149 Þat oþer burne watȝ abayst of his broþe wordeȝ. 1366Mandeville xxix. 295 Alisandre was gretly astoneyed and abayst. 1382Wyclif Mark v. 42 And thei weren abaischt [1388 abaischid] with greet stoneying. c1386Chaucer Clerk's T. 955 Right nought was sche abaissht of her clothing [v.r. abayst—2, abast, abayssht, abasshed, abassched]. 1483Caxton G. Leg. 70/3 Whan Dauid herd this he was sore abasshed. 1535Coverdale Is. xiii. 8 One shall euer be abaszshed of another. 1667Milton P.L. i. 331 They heard, and were abasht, and up they sprung. 1807Crabbe Village ii. 79 And while she stands abash'd, with conscious eye. 1876Gladstone Homeric Synch. 72 I might have been abashed by their authority.
†2. intr. (by omission of refl. pron.) To stand dumb with confusion or astonishment; to lose self-possession or confidence; to flinch or recoil with surprise, shame, or sense of humiliation. Obs.
1391Chaucer Boeth. 146 (1868) No strong man ne semeþ nat to abassen or disdaigner as ofte tyme as he hereþ þe noise of þe bataile. 1477Caxton Jason 45 b, The herte of man sholde not abasshe in no thing. 1530Palsgr. I abasshe, or am amazed of any thing, Je me esbahis. 1577–87Holinshed Chron. III. 1098/2 For she, notwithstanding all the fearefull newes that were brought to hir that daie, neuer abashed. 1585James I Essayes in Poesie 44 She did shame The Sunne himself, her coulour was so bright, Till he abashit beholding such a light.
▪ II. † aˈbash, n. Obs. rare—1.
[f. the vb.]
Loss of self-possession, confusion from surprise, shame, or the like. = abashment.
1393Gower Conf. II. 46 The kynges doughter, which this sigh, For pure abasshe drewe hir adrigh. |