| 释义 |
brotherhood also † brotherhead.|ˈbrʌðərhʊd|
Forms: α. broþerhede, broiþer-, broder-, brodurhede, brethered, 4–5 bretherhede, 5 breþerheed, 4– 6 brotherheed, 5 bretherheed, britherhed(e, brodirhede, broþerhed, 5–6 bretherhed, brodered, 6 (breethreed), bretherhead, brodirhed, brotherhed, -head(e, -hedde. β. 5 broder-, broþerhode, breþerode, britherhod, 5–6 brotherode, -hode, 6 brotherhoode, 6– brotherhood.
[Not in OE.: the earlier ME. form broþerhede was, in form, a derivative of brother and -hed, -hede; but arose probably from the accession of the earlier brotherrede (which goes back to OE.) to the -hede class, through the intermediate brothered(e, the ending of which might be either -rede or -hede. This is made still more likely by the fact that the variant brotherhode (whence the modern brotherhood) is not found before the 15th c.; whereas childhood, maidenhood, wifehood, and other genuine derivatives in -hood go back to an OE. -hád and early ME. -had, later -hōd(e, with -hed, -hede as an occasional ME. variant. See -head, -hood, -red. The variant bretherhede was frequent from the 14th c. till about the Reformation, evidently by association with the brether or brethren of a guild or order: ‘the bretheren and sustren of the bretherhede’.]
1. The relation of a brother, or of brothers mutually; fraternal tie. Also in spiritual sense.
αa1300Cursor M. 1159 Felauscipe ne broiþerhede Mought te drau fra felon dede. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 169 b, Remyssyon of synnes, adopcyon of grace, brotherhed to the sone of god. 1594Carew Tasso (1881) 81 Eustace her meetes, who claymes a brother-hed In him.
βc1450Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 690 Hec fraternitas, a brotherode. 1580Baret Alv. B 1377 Brotherhood by the same father and mother, germanitas. 1593Shakes. Rich. II, i. ii. 9 Findes brotherhood in thee no sharper spurre? 1605Bacon Adv. Learn. ii. 5 Nature createth Brotherhood in Families. 1860Pusey Min. Proph. 166 The brotherhood of blood was not to wear out.
2. Brotherliness, brotherly fellowship, companionship, friendly alliance.
αa1300Cursor M. 3750 Þis was na broder-hede [v.r. broþer dede]. c1386Chaucer Shipman's T. 42 Ilk of hem gan other to assure Of brotherhed [v.r. bretherhede, -heed, breþerode, broþerhed, -hode], whil that her lif may dure. 1535Coverdale Zech. xi. 14 That I might lowse the brother⁓heade betwixte Iuda and Israel.
β1388Wyclif 1 Macc. xii. 10 To renule britherhod [1382 bretherhed] and frenschip. 1665Manley Grotius' Low-C. Warrs 121 He was sure of the Brother-hood of France. 1868Hawthorne Amer. Note-bks. (1879) I. 54 We live in great harmony and brotherhood.
†3. The personality of a brother: in your brotherhood, a dutiful mode of addressing a brother. Obs.
c1400Apol. Loll. 39 Eft writiþ þe pope to þe bischop, We bid to þi broþerhed, þat þu steer bisili þe clerkis of þi jurisdiccoun. 1502–3Plumpton Corr. 172, I recomend me unto your mastership and brotherhode, and to my lady your wyfe. 1635E. Pagitt Christianogr. ii. vii. 84, I have opportunity to salute your brotherhood, whose face I never saw.
†4. The position or rank of a ‘brother’ in a corporation. Obs.
1536Act 27 Hen. VIII, xlii. §1 in Oxf. & Camb. Enactm. 13 Scolershippes, Dimishippees, Brotherodes. 1606Shakes. Tr. & Cr. i. iii. 104 How could..Degrees in Schooles, and Brother-hoods in Cities..The primogenitiue, and due of Byrth..stand in Authentique place?
5. a. An association of brothers; a fraternity, guild, society, association of equals for mutual help, support, protection, or action. Also, the brethren of such an order collectively.
αc1340Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 2516 Vche burne of þe broþer⁓hede a bauderyk schulde haue. 1387E.E. Wills (1882) 1 The Brethered of our lady of Abbechirch. 1389in Eng. Gilds (1870) 3 Þe bretheren & sustren of þe bretherhede. 1528Tindale Doctr. Treat. (1848) 343 The belly-brother⁓head of monks and friars. 1553Inv. in Ann. Dioc. Lichfield (1863) 27 Brotherheddes, gildes, fraternities, & cumpenies.
β1547Act 1 Edw. VI, xiv. §1 Hospitals, Fraternities, Brotherhoods, Guilds. 1555T. Haukes in Foxe A. & M. (1631) III. xi. 260/1 There is a brotherhood of you, but I will breake it. 1653Walton Angler i. 5, I hate the Otter perfectly, even for their sakes that are of my Brotherhood. 1805Southey Madoc in W. xiii, The grey brotherhood Chaunted the solemn mass. 1882Fairbairn in Contemp. Rev. XLII. 867 The Arab tribes..fused into a united and enthusiastic brotherhood.
b. fig. A group or array of things figured as brothers.
1728Pope Dunc. i. 143 Here all his suff'ring brotherhood retire, And 'scape the martyrdom of jakes and fire. 1814Wordsw. Excursion i. 29 The gloom Spread by a brotherhood of lofty elms. 1843Prescott Mexico (1850) I. 350 This rugged brotherhood of mountains.
c. A railway trade union. U.S.
1883J. D. Fulton Sam Hobart 83 The Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers..was formed in the city of Detroit in August, 1863, as the Brotherhood of the Footboard. 1959Economist 6 June 947/2 The political influence of the railway brotherhoods, as the unions are called.
6. A court, convention, or meeting of a fraternity or guild; spec. a convention or conference of delegates from the corporations of the Cinque-Ports.
1683Addr. Cinque-Ports in Lond. Gaz. No. 1857/2 The humble Address of the Mayors, Bayliffs, Jurats, and Commons of the Cinque-Ports..Assembled at a Brotherhood and Guestling holden at New Romeney. 1830Thanet & Cinque Ports II. 11 The annual courts anciently called Guestlings, and afterwards Brotherhoods. Ibid. The Brotherhood men, like members of Parliament, are privileged from arrest.
7. The fellowship or communion of Christians with one another and with Christ; also concr.
αc1380Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. II. 326 Cristen men shulden be loveris of breþerheed in Crist. 1382― 1 Thess. iv. 9 Of the charite of britherhed we hadden not nede for to wryte to ȝou.
β1388Wyclif 1 Peter ii. 17 Onoure ȝe alle men, loue ȝe brithirhod [1382 britherhed]. 1562D. Cox in Farr S.P. (1845) II. 503 Our Father, which in heauen art, And makst vs al one brotherhood. 1666Baxter Call Unconverted 238 You shall have part in the brother-hood..of the Saints. 1865R. W. Dale Jewish Temp. vii. (1877) 74 There is a brotherhood between Christ and all believers.
8. Fellowship; community of feeling uniting man and man; also concr. those united in such fellowship. A modern notion frequent in brotherhood of man, universal brotherhood, etc.
1784Cowper Task iii. 208 The link of brotherhood, by which One common Maker bound me to the kind. 1821Shelley Prometh. Unb. ii. ii. 95 And make the earth One brotherhood 1841D'Israeli Amen. Lit. (1867) 581 The common brotherhood of man. 1882Farrar Early Chr. I. 107 In the Church the beautiful ideal of human brotherhood was carried into practice. |