| 释义 |
Scot, n.1|skɒt|
Forms: 1 pl. Scottas, 3–6 Scotte, 4 Skot, Skotte, 6 Skott, (Skote), 7 Scott, 5– Scot.
[OE. *Scot, pl. Scottas, ad. late L. Scottus; first in writers of c 400. Late Latin had a variant Scōtus (cf. med.Gr. σκῶτος), which became the usual form in med.L. A third form, Scŏtus, may perh. be inferred from the ON. Skotar pl., though the examples of it in med. Latin verse are prob. mere mistakes.
The source of the late Latin word is obscure. There is no evidence that it represents the native name of any Gaelic-speaking people (the Irish Scot, an Irishman, pl. Scuit, appears to be a learned word from Latin), nor does it exist in Welsh, though Welshmen in writing Latin have from the earliest times used Scoti as the rendering of Gwyddel (Gaels). It may possibly be an adoption of a name bestowed at an early period by Britons or Gauls on a Gaelic people (cf. the Gaulish personal names Scottos, Scottios); Sir J. Rhŷs has suggested that it may have meant ‘tattooed’, cogn. w. Welsh ysgwthr a cutting, carving, or sculpturing; other conjectures have also been offered.
The OHG. Scotto (MHG., mod.G. Schotte), MDu. Schotte, Schot (mod.Du. Schot), agree with the Eng. form; adoptions from literary Latin appear in OF. Escot, Sp., Pg. Escoto, It. Scoto.]
1. a. Hist. One of an ancient Gaelic-speaking people, first known to history as inhabitants of Ireland, who in the 6th century a.d. settled in the north-west of Great Britain, and from whom the northern part of the island ultimately received its name.
Down to the reign of Alfred, Scottas was the ordinary word for Irishmen (as Scotland for Hibernia). In the next reign there were relations between the Anglo-Saxon kingdom and the kingdom of the Scots in North Britain, and from that time onward the name was no longer associated with Ireland except in historical statements.
O.E. Chron. an. 891, Þrie Scottas comon to ælfrede cyninge, on anum bate butan ælcum ᵹereþrum of Hibernia. a900Bæda's Hist. i. i. (1890) 28 Hibernia Scotta ealond. c1205Lay. 5575 Bruttes & Wailsce, Scottes & Densce. c1386Chaucer Man of Law's T. 482 This Constable was no thyng lord of this place..But kepte it strongly many wyntres space, Vnder Alla, king of al Northhumbrelond,..Agayn the Scottes. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 331 And þat londe [Hibernia] hatte Scotland also, for Scottes woned þere somtyme, or þey come into þe oþer Scotland, þat longede to Bretayne. c1400Brut lxxvi (1906) 76 Arthure turnede him aȝeyne þere þat he was, into þe place þat he hade lefte þe Scottes. 1570–6Lambarde Peramb. Kent 2 These Scots (as them selues do write) were a people of Scythia, that came first into Spaine, then into Ireland, and from thence to the North part of Britaine. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. I. i. 80 The ȝeir quhen the scottis cam in the Iles of Albion first, quhilkes we cal Hebrides now. 1606Warner Alb. Eng. xiv. lxxxiii. (1612) 346 Till the Picts, a People stout, Were by th' inuading Irish-Scots long thence debelled out. 1797Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) XIV. 560/1 When the Scots became masters of the low country. 1873Burton Hist. Scot. (ed. 2) I. 286 A chief among the Scots of Ulster,..who lived in the middle of the third century. 1882Rhŷs Celtic Brit. v. 154 Now the Scots were Christians, while the Picts ruled over by Brude were still pagans. Ibid., Columba, who was connected with the royal family of the Dalriad Scots, came over from Ireland in the year 563.
†b. Comb., as Scot-lede, Scot-thede, the people of the Scots. Obs.
c1205Lay. 20047 Þer liðen to-somne alle Scotleode. Ibid. 20417 Al Scot-þeode he ȝaf his ane þeine.
2. A native of Scotland, a Scotchman, a Scotsman. † Irish Scot: a Highlander.
From the 17th c. to the 19th c. chiefly Hist. exc. in jocular or rhetorical use. In Scotland, and more recently in England, in the 20th c. there has been an increasing tendency (orig. in newspaper writing) to the more extended use of the word. Cf. Scotch, Scotchman.
1338R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 304 At Foukirke in Scotlond, Scottis escapid none. a1352Minot Poems (ed. Hall) ii. 1 Skottes out of Berwik and of Abirdene. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) II. 73 Þe see þat departeþ Englische men and Scottes in þe est half. c1475Harl. Contin. Higden (Rolls) VIII. 520 The firste Edwarde..wan Scotlonde, magre the Scottes stronge. 1513? Skelton in Flügel Neuengl. Lesebuch (1895) 155 Of the out yles ye rough foted scottes we have well eased you of the bottes. a1536Songs, Carols. etc. (E.E.T.S.) 102 A litill balet..made at Mr. Shawes table by a Skote. 1536A. Boorde in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. iii. II. 303 Shortly to conclude, trust yow no Skott, for they wyll yowse flatteryng wordes, and all is fal[s]hode. 1585Pilkington Expos. Nehemiah iv. 13. 61 If any shoot ill fauouredly, we saie he Shooteth like a Scott. 1587Golding De Mornay ii. 22 It is..one selfesame Sunne that maketh the Ethyopian blacke, and the Scotte yellowish. 1596Shakes. 1 Hen. IV, i. iii. 212 Those same Noble Scottes That are your Prisoners. 1631Pory in Crt. & Times Chas. I (1848) II. 125 The same Mackey, a Western or Irish Scot,..was, of all the Scots, most affected by the King of Sweden. 1639Hamilton Papers (Camden) 78 For who knoethe, when your Mati⊇ is neer the borders, what Scots may flocke to you, if I be gone. 1793Burns Bruce's Addr. i, Scots! wha hae wi' Wallace bled, Scots! wham Bruce has aften led. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. i. I. 66 In perseverance, in self-command, in forethought, in all the virtues which conduce to success in life, the Scots have never been surpassed. 1876Bancroft Hist. U.S. VI. xli. 281 Paul Jones, a Scot by birth, in the service of the United States.
Comb.1643[Angier] Lanc. Vall. Achor 18 We (Scot⁓like) knew not the meaning of a Pardon.
3. dial. (See quots.)
1787Marshall Rural Econ., Norf. 387 Scots, Scotch cattle. 1886Field 7 Aug. 217/3 Prime large oxen 4s. 6d. to 4s. 8d. ditto Scots &c. 4s. 8d. to 5s.
4. slang. (See quots.) Also as adj.
1812J. H. Vaux Flash Dict., Scot, a person of an irritable temper, who is easily put in a passion, which is often done by the company he is with, to create fun, such a one is declared to be a fine Scot. 1823‘J. Bee’ Dict. 155 Scot, a butcher's designation of a fractious man, the small Scots oxen coming to their doom with little resignation to fate; indeed, all animals try harder to retain life than man. 1859Hotten's Slang Dict. 87 Scot, temper or passion; ‘oh! what a scot he was in’. 1864E. A. Murray Ella Norman II. 53, ‘I am tired.’—‘Yes and in a greater scot than I ever saw you. Why, we can raise you worse than Ma!’ 1916W. Owen Let. 9 Dec. (1967) 417 Major Melville, a snotty, acid, scot, impatient, irritated wretch. |