| 释义 |
Scotchman|ˈskɒtʃmən|
Also 6 Scotcheman, 7 Sc. Scotsshman.
[f. Scotch a. + man.]
1. a. A man of Scottish nationality.
Formerly, the usual English name; the prevalent form used by Scotch people was Scotsman. Scotsman is now the preferred form on both sides of the border (see small-type note s.v. Scotch a. and n.3).
1570Levins Manip. 21/3 Scotcheman, Scotus. 1597P. Lowe Chirurgerie title, The Whole Covrse of Chirurgerie... Compiled by Peter Lowe Scotchman. 1632Massinger City Madam ii. ii, May the Great Fiend, booted & spurr'd With a Sithe at his girdle, as the Scotchman saies, Ride headlong down her throat. 1671Fraser Polichron. (S.H.S.) 491 After the peace he went up to Pole with other Scotssh⁓men. 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), Scots or Scotch-men, the People of Scotland, a part of Great Britain. 1763Johnson in Boswell (1791) I. 231 The noblest prospect which a Scotch⁓man ever sees is the high-road that leads him to England! 1773Macpherson Ossian's Poems (1806) I. Dissert. 37 A Scotchman, tolerably conversant in his own language, understands Irish composition. 1820Scott Monast. Introd. Ep., ‘Then,’ said I, ‘you are a native Scotchman..?’ ‘Not so, answered the monk; ‘I am a Scotchman by extraction only.’ 1821Lamb Elia i. Imperf. Sympathies, I have been trying all my life to like Scotchmen and am obliged to desist from the experiment in despair. 1977K. M. E. Murray Caught in Web of Words xi. 209 For a Scotchman James was certainly extraordinarily lacking in hard-headedness.
Comb.1833L. Ritchie Wand. by Loire 26 Determining..to be exceedingly prudent and Scotchman-like.
b. (Also Flying Scotchman.) A familiar name for the Scotch express (London to Edinburgh) on the Great Northern and on the London & North-Western Railway. Cf. Irishman b (b) and Scotsman b.
1873J. Blackwood Let. 6 Jan. in Geo. Eliot Lett. (1956) V. 365 ‘The Flying Scotchman’, the stoker's name for the train that goes between London and Edinburgh in little more than 9 hours! 1874R. C. Rapier Signals Railw. 56 On arriving at King's Cross, the Flying Scotchman had not yet departed. [1879Flying Scotsman: see Scotsman b.] 1881Reynolds Engine-driving Life 59 The same express-men..were proceeding down a bank..at about 3 a.m. in summer with the ‘Scotchman’. 1885G. Dolby Dickens as I knew him 33 A railway carriage which was being dragged along at the rate of fifty miles an hour by the ‘Flying Scotchman’. 1892Strand Mag. Feb. 195 This Scotch Express (significantly named ‘The Flying Scotchman’) is believed to be the fastest train in the world. 1913D. H. Lawrence Sons & Lovers vii. 165 You should see the Flying Scotchman come through.
c. A travelling draper or pedlar: see Scotch a. 1 b. dial. (See examples in Eng. Dial. Dict.)
1719T. Marchant Jrnl. 10 June in Sussex Arch. Coll. (1873) XXV. 184 In all 15s. 9d., to John Gracie, a Scotchman, for M. Balcombe. 1793C. Smith Old Manor House I. vi. 138, I had not enough money..to buy my new cotton gown, when Alexander Macgill the Scotchman called here. 1851Mayhew Lond. Labour I. 381 Mother, here's the Tallyman, Mother, here's the Scotchman.
d. Scotchman hugging a Creole, a West Indian name for various species of Clusia.
1835M. Scott Tom Cringle xiv, Do you see that Scotch⁓man hugging the Creole? 1889Boston (Mass.) Jrnl. 25 May 6/6 One more queer tree is the wild fig, familiarly called ‘Scotchman hugging a Creole’.
e. A New Zealand name for a smaller kind of the prickly bushy grass called ‘Spaniard’ (Aciphylla colensoi).
1895W. S. Roberts Southland in 1856, 39 (Morris) As we neared the hills speargrass of the smaller kind, known as ‘Scotchmen’, abounded, and although not so strong and sharp-pointed as the ‘Spaniard’, would not have made a comfortable seat.
2. Naut. A piece of hide, wood, or iron, etc. placed over a rope to prevent its being chafed.
1841R. H. Dana Seaman's Man., Scotchman, a large batten placed over the turnings-in of rigging. 1850R. G. Cumming Hunter's Life S. Afr. (1902) 1/2 On the top of this are placed coarse Kaffir mats made of reeds, which act as a Scotchman (to use a seafaring phrase), to keep the waggon sail, which is of stout canvas, from chafing. c1860H. Stuart Seaman's Catech. 83 A Scotchman should be made of leather,..to allow the new skin to harden. 1882Nares Seamanship (ed. 6) 68 How is the lower rigging protected from being cut by the futtock rigging? By lashing iron Scotchmen on the shrouds.
3. S. Afr.. A florin. (See quot. 1879.)
1879R. J. Atcherley Trip Boërland 55 In dealing with the Kafirs, I frequently heard the term ‘Scotchman’ applied to a two-shilling piece: and upon enquiry was informed that an enterprising gentleman of that nationality having once passed a large number of florins to the Kafirs as half-crown pieces, the latter had ever since christened the florin ‘Scotchman’. 1887Rider Haggard Jess x, Jantjé spat upon the ‘Scotchman’, as the natives in that part of Africa [Transvaal] call a two-shilling piece.
4. U.S. The ‘Scotch duck’, Charitonetta (or Bucephala) albeola.
1895in Funk's Stand. Dict.
5. colloq. A Scotch fir.
1901‘Lucas Malet’ Sir R. Calmady vi. vii, ‘What shall we do with it [a piece of land]?’ ‘Oh, plant,’ she said. ‘With the ubiquitous Scotchman?’ ‘It wouldn't carry any⁓thing else, except along the boundaries.’ |