| 释义 |
▪ I. scribe, n.1|skraɪb|
Also 4–6 scrybe.
[ad. L. scrība writer, amanuensis, secretary, f. scrībĕre to write. Cf. F. scribe (14th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), Sp., Pg. escriba, It. scriba.]
A writer; one whose business is writing. In various specific or limited applications.
1. Jewish Hist. A member of the class of professional interpreters of the Law after the return from the Captivity; in the Gospels often coupled with the Pharisees as upholders of ceremonial tradition.
Used, after the Vulgate scriba, to render Gr. γραµµατεύς in the New Testament. The corresponding Heb. word is sōphēr, active pple. of sāphar to write, to count, number. In Biblical Heb. the n. had generally the sense 2 below; it was also used for a man of learning, a scholar, and as the designation of Ezra (Ezra vii, Neh. viii. 9, etc.) it comes near to the post-Biblical use.
1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xv. 383 And so may sarasenes be saued, scribes and iewes. 1382Wyclif Matt. vii. 29. [And in all later versions.] 1390Gower Conf. I. 14 And thus for Pompe and for beyete The Scribe and ek the Pharisee Of Moises upon the See In the chaiere on hyh ben set. 1532More Confut. Tindale Wks. 510/2 These heretikes may properly bee called not onelye mercennaries,..but also verye Scribes and Pharisees... For these be false Scribes, that is to wit wryters, not wryting any true bokes of scripture, but fals gloses and contrary commentes vpon scripture. 1671Milton P.R. i. 261 What was writ Concerning the Messiah, to our Scribes Known partly. 1862Stanley Jew. Ch. (1877) I. xix. 365 The Religion..was fully revealed.., not prophets were needed to declare it, but ‘scribes’ to expound and defend it.
2. Anc. Hist. A general designation for any public official (whether of high or low rank) concerned with writing or the keeping of accounts; a secretary, clerk.
The usual rendering of L. scriba and Gr. γραµµατεύς, and of Heb. sōphēr: cf. the note under sense 1.
1382Wyclif 2 Kings xviii. 18 Forsothe Eliachym,..prouost of the hous, wente out to hem, and Sobna, scribe [1388 scryueyn], and Joache, the sone of Azaf, chauncelere. 1611Bible 2 Kings xxv. 19 The principall Scribe of the hoste [marg. Or, scribe of the captaine of the hoste], which mustered the people of the land. 1838Thirlwall Greece xxxii. IV. 230 Tisamenus, who..had filled the office of a public scribe. 1849Layard Nineveh xiii. II. 76 The secretaries and scribes from the palace left their divans.
†3. Used as the official designation of various public functionaries performing secretarial duties.
1530Palsgr. 268/1 Scrybe in a spyrituall court, scribe. Scrybe in a temporall court, greffier. 1533Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scot. VI. 160 To Thome Cameroune, scribe to the futband v s. 1533in Sel. Pleas Crt. Admiralty (1894) I. 93 The noble John Aborow Englysheman patron of the shypp Saynt Mighell... And allso the noble John Andreas allso Englysshman scrybe of the saide shipp consenting [etc.]. 1560Maitland Club Misc. III. 225 Gevin vnder the Seill quhilk we wse..and the subscriptioun manuall of our scribe [of a kirk session]. 1562Burgh Rec. Edin. (1875) III. 153 The council continewis Jhonne Young, writer, thair scribe, and ordanis him to serue [etc.]. 1581Lambarde Eiren. iv. iv. (1588) 431 If any Ordinarie, or his scribe, or register have taken mo, or greater fees..then he ought to take. 1641Baker Chron., Hen. VIII (1653) 396 Amongst other Officers of the Court [of Hen. VIII's divorce], Stephen Gardiner..sate as chief scribe. The Court being set, the Judges commanded silence, whilst their Commission was read; which done, the Scribes commanded the Cryer to call the King. a1707S. Patrick Autobiog. (1839) 13 And soon after made me the college scribe, which brought me in a great deal of money, many leases being to be renewed.
†4.
a. One who writes at another's dictation; an amanuensis. Obs.
a1513Fabyan Chron. vi. clix. (1533) 88 b, One of the foresayde two persones so condempned was scrybe to the pope. 1591Shakes. Two Gent. ii. i. 146 That my master being scribe, To himselfe should write the Letter. 1598B. Jonson Ev. Man in H. v. i. 323 These two gentlemen..very strongly supposing me to be your worships scribe, entreated me to procure them a warrant. 1838Lytton Calderon i. 64 This remarkable personage had risen from the situation of a confidential scribe to the Duke of Lerma.
b. fig.
a1475Ashby Dicta Philos. 961 The first vertue is to kepe man is tong, For it is scribe of his discrecion, For what it wol say it writith at longe. 1860Farrar Orig. Lang. vii. 152 The senses themselves can tell us nothing except in so far as they are ‘scribes of the soul’.
5. A copyist, transcriber of manuscripts; now esp. the writer of a particular MS. copy of a classical or mediæval work.
1535Joye Apol. Tindale (Arb.) 43, I tolde his scrybe, euen him that wrote and corrected the testament for him. 1611Bible Transl. Pref. ⁋6 The Grecians..had many of their seruants, ready scribes, to copie them [the books] out. a1638Mede Wks. (1672) 878 If the Scrivener, whom I hired to write me out a fair Copy thereof, had not disappointed me, I could ere this have lent you a Copy, it may be, as good as the Authors; I believe somewhat more distinct, by such directions as I gave my Scribe. 1746Francis tr. Horace, Art of Poetry 481 We ne'er those Scribes with Mercy treat, Who, though advis'd, the same Mistakes repeat. 1850F. Madden Wycliffite Bible List of MSS. No. 65 Each scribe has peculiarities of orthography. 1861Paley æschylus (ed. 2) Supplices 247 note, If the nominative had been found by a scribe in his copy, he was not very likely to have altered it. 1892T. R. Lounsbury Stud. Chaucer I. 375 No one familiar with the work of the scribe will be disposed to pay too much respect to his authority.
6. a. A penman, one (more or less) skilled in penmanship. Now somewhat arch.
1588Shakes. Tit. A. ii. iv. 4 Write downe thy mind, bewray thy meaning so, And if thy stumpes will let thee play the Scribe. 1705–6Penn in Pennsylv. Hist. Soc. Mem. X. 111, I must rcommend him to your care, being a scribe and an accomptant. 1849James Woodman ii, I could make out plain court hand a great deal better when written by a good scribe. 1852Dickens Bleak Ho. liii, Mr. Bucket..is no great scribe; rather handling the pen like the pocket-staff he carries about with him.
†b. (See quot.) Obs. rare.
1696–1715Laws Maryland ii. (1722) 3 One Master, One Usher, and One Writing-Master or Scribe to a School.
7. a. Used (more or less playfully) for: One who writes or is in the habit of writing; an author; the writer (of a letter, etc.).
1585Jas. I Ess. Poesie (Arb.) 31 Your shameles rymes,..ô Scrybes prophane [orig. Profanes escriuains]. 1712Addison Spect. No. 475 ⁋4, I have been engaged in this Subject by the following Letter, which comes to me from some notable young female Scribe. 1778F. Burney Diary 20 July (1891) I. 16 As I am often writing..he commonly calls me the scribe. 1886Tupper Autobiog. 60 Some frivolous larks in the Waterford days, wherewith I need not say the present scribe had nothing to do. 1892Du Maurier Peter Ibbetson I. 7, I am but a poor scribe, ill versed in the craft of wielding words and phrases.
b. Applied to a political pamphleteer or journalist; chiefly with contemptuous notion, a party hack. (Coloured by sense 4.)
1826Cobbett Rur. Rides (1885) II. 100 The impudent scribes would make us believe, that England was formerly nothing at all, till they [the Scotch] came to enlighten it. 1830D'Israeli Chas. I, III. xiv. 303 Leighton seems to have been the first of our political scribes..who [etc.]. 1884St. James's Gaz. 8 Feb. 3/1 So conscious are the scribes of the Government of the state of feeling in the country. 1885Liverpool Daily Post 1 June 5/3 The youngest scribe of a Tory organ could manage national affairs much better.
c. U.S. A newspaper reporter.
1929D. Runyon in Hearst's Internat. July 58/1 Dave grabs the scribe..and is taking him out for an airing!.. Taking a newspaper guy..out for an airing is apt to cause talk. 1930Amer. Speech VI. 120 Scribe,..reporter, writer: Judge Quashes Police Charges Against Scribe (here, a reporter). 1962John o' London's 25 Jan. 82/3 A reporter is a scribe or scribbler.
†8. A cuttle-fish. (See quot.) Obs.
1655Mouffet & Bennet Health's Improv. xviii. 151 Cuttles, (called also..scribes for their incky humour).
9. Comb., as scribe palsy, ‘writers' cramp’ (Dunglison's Dict. Med. Sci. 1876); scribe-work nonce-wd., work for ‘scribes’ or clerks.
1829W. Irving Life & Lett. (1864) II. 415 There is likely to be but moderate scribe work in the legation.
▪ II. scribe, n.2|skraɪb|
[f. scribe v. Cf. scrive n.2]
1. A tool for scribing (see scribe v.) in Carpentry, Building, etc.
1812P. Nicholson Mech. Exerc. 212 (Bricklaying) The Scribe is a spike or large nail ground to a sharp point, to mark the bricks on the face and back by the tapering edges of the mould, in order to cut them.
b. attrib. scribe-awl (see quot.); scribe-mark, a mark made with a scribing-iron on a log, etc.; a mark scored on stone as a guide for cutting.
1875Knight Dict. Mech., Scribe-awl, an awl used for making lines to be followed in sawing or cutting out work. 1881Young Every Man his own Mech. §156 The following are the ‘scribe marks’ indicating the quality of Memel and Dantzic timber. 1883Nasmyth Autobiog. xiv. 256 The delicate scribe marks by which the mason some 1900 years ago lined out his work on the blocks of stone he was about to chip. 1888Burt Stand. Timber Meas. 278 Table of Scribe Marks of Cubic Contents on Log Timber.
2. dial. A written mark; a scrap of writing: usually scribe o' the pen. (Cf. scrape n.1 2 b.)
1805R. Anderson Cumbld. Ball., Ruth iii, She..Ne'er yence sent the scribe of a pen. 1829Brockett N.C. Words (ed. 2), Scribe of a pen, a letter. 1903Crockett Banner of Blue viii. 88 Jeems Carlyle never wrote a scribe o' print, or hand-write either.
▪ III. scribe, v.|skraɪb|
[Of obscure history; in sense 1 perh. aphetic for describe v.; in sense 2 partly ad. L. scrībĕre to write, partly f. scribe n.1 Cf. scrive v.]
1. In technical uses.
a. trans. Originally, in Carpentry, to mark the intended outline of (a piece of timber) with one point of a pair of compasses, moved parallel with the other point which is drawn along the edge of the piece to which the ‘scribed’ piece is to be fitted. Now in wider sense: To mark or score (wood, metal, bricks) with a pointed instrument (often regulated by a gauge or similar contrivance) in order to indicate the outline to which the piece is to be cut or shaped; to draw (a line, etc.) in this way.
Now done on other materials, and by means of a fine laser beam as well as pointed instruments.
1678Moxon Mech. Exerc. vii. 112 To make these two peeces of Stuff joyn close together all the way, they Scribe it, (as they phrase it,) thus [a long explanation follows]. 1688Holme Armoury iii. 101/2 Scribe, is the drawing of a line or stroak with the Compasses upon a piece of stuff that is straight, thereby to cut it so as it may join to an Irregular piece, whether bowed or cornered. 1811Self Instructor 528 With your ivory point scribe them. 1878Mayer Sound 154 With the separated points of a pair of spring dividers scribe around the edge of the templet. 1902P. Marshall Metal Tools 18 The edge against which the required line is scribed. 1967Electronics 6 Mar. 218 (Advt.), Their 4-sided diamond scriber often leaves rough, chipped lines when it scribes crystalline wafers for dicing. 1975J. B. Harley O.S. Maps i. 11 A second sheet of plastic material..is placed in exact registration with the first, and is then used for plotting and scribing the contours. 1977Engin. Materials & Design Aug. 30/1 Blank sheets of fired alumina ceramic are accurately located on the table and, working from a datum point, the laser scribes a grid matrix system of close and regularly spaced blind holes.
b. Hence, to shape the edge of (a piece of timber, metal, etc.) so that it will fit into the irregular edge of another piece or to an uneven surface. (See quot. 1842.)
1679Moxon Mech. Exerc. viii. 140 The Joysts are always scribed to project over..the Roundness or waynniness of the upper side of the Girder. 1812P. Nicholson Mech. Exerc. 177 To Scribe one piece of Board or Stuff to another. Ibid., Thus the skirting boards of a room should be scribed to the floor. 1830Hedderwick Mar. Archit. 259 Make a mould for the foot of the stem with its cog or coak, scribing it so that it will fit very completely. 1837Whittock Bk. Trades (1842) 289 (Gun-Maker) Parts of the locks and springs are ‘scribed’ in to the butt of the gun-stock. 1842Gwilt Encycl. Archit. Gloss., Scribing, fitting the edge of a board to a surface not accurately plane, as the skirting of a room to a floor. In joinery, it is the fitting one piece to another, so that the fibres of them may be perpendicular to each other, the two edges being cut to an angle to join. 1844H. Stephens Bk. Farm II. 69, 6 slots are then laid at due distances upon the heads, and the latter are scribed to the size of each slot, to regulate the mortises.
c. To draw (lines) on wood with a pointed tool.
1890W. J. Gordon Foundry 59 A drawing-board..on which the lines are first chalked and then carved, or scribed.
d. To mark (timber, a cask, etc.) with a scribing-iron.
1859[implied in scribing vbl. n. 2]. 1883Clark Russell Sailors' Lang., Scribe, to mark packages in bond with the number and weight. 1888Burt Stand. Timber Meas. 75 The Raze Knife, for scribing the numbers and contents on the logs for identification.
e. To delineate with incised marks.
1896Kipling Seven Seas, Story of Ung 12 He..Pictured the mountainous mammoth..Out of the love that he bore them, scribing them clearly on bone.
2. a. intr. To act as a scribe, to write. b. trans. To write down. rare exc. dial.
1782F. Burney Cecilia x. vi, Contenting himself with doing nothing but scribble and scribe one day. 1787J. Clarke Lakes Introd. 26 To scribe is still to write. 1801Southey in Robberd Mem. W. Taylor (1843) I. 378 As if the author of ‘Joan of Arc’ and of ‘Thalaba’ were made a great man by scribing for the Irish Chancellor of the Exchequer. 1838Fraser's Mag. XVII. 322 A writer..scribing about Jeffery as if it was a living thing. 1882Stevenson Fam. Stud., Pepys (1888) 299 He desires that..gentleman,..to recall..the very line his own romantic self was scribing at the moment. 1894Crockett Raiders (ed. 3) 364 Patrick Walker (he that scribes the stories of the sufferers and has had them printed). |