| 释义 |
▪ I. bunt, n.1 Chiefly Naut.|bʌnt|
[Etymology unknown. Some have compared Da. bundt, Sw. bunt a bundle (which seem to be merely a. Ger. bund).]
gen. A swelling, a pouch- or bag-shaped part of a net, sail, etc.
1. The cavity or bagging part of a fishing-net; also of a napkin or the like when folded or tied so as to form a bag; the funnel or bottom of an eel-trap.
1602Carew Cornwall 30 a, The Weare is a frith..hauing in it a bunt or cod. a1648Digby Closet Open. (1677) 216 That the whey may run..through the bunt of the napkin. 1861Couch Brit. Fishes II. 73 The sean for Mackarel is..nine fathoms in depth at the middle or bunt. 1880Harper's Mag. LX. 852 As the bunt of the seine nears the shore, silence prevails. 1883Fisheries Exhib. Catal. 367 Apparatus..to be fixed at the end of the bunt of an Eel Trap.
2. ‘The middle part of a sail, formed designedly into a bag or cavity, that the sail may gather more wind. In ‘handed’ or ‘furled’ sails, the bunt is the middle gathering which is tossed up on the centre of the yard’ (Smyth Sailor's Word-bk.).
b. The middle part of a yard: the Slings.
c1582Cotton MS. App. xlvii. (Halliw.) Flying fyshes to break ther noses agaynst the bunt of the sayle. 1611Cotgr., Bourser,..to bunt, or leaue a bunt in a sayle. 1627[see buntline]. 1678–96Phillips, Bunt, the hollowness which is allowed in making of Sails. 1706― Bunt, (Sea-term) the Bag, Pouch, or middle Part of a Sail, which serves to catch and keep the wind; as The Bunt holds much Leeward Wind, i.e. the Bunt hangs too much to the Leeward. 1794Rigging & Seamanship I. 86 Bunt, the middle-part of the foot of square sails, and the foremost leech of staysails cut with a nock. 1881Clark Russell Ocean Fr.-Lance ii. 31 The bunt of the top-gallant sail. 1882Nares Seamanship (ed. 6) 10 Slings or Bunt, the middle of a yard where the rigging is placed.
3. Comb., as bunt-gasket, bunt-whip; bunt-jigger, ‘a small gun-tackle purchase..used in large vessels for bowsing up the bunt of a sail when furling’ (Sailor's Word-bk.). Also buntline.
1860H. Stuart Seaman's Catech. 18 Bunt lines, bow⁓lines, and bunt jiggers. Ibid. 46 The sail loosers..overhaul the buntlines and bunt whip.
b. bunt fair, adv. phr.: ‘Before the wind’ (Smyth Sailor's Word-bk.).
1653Urquhart Rabelais ii. i, Spooming with a full Sail, bunt fair before the Wind.
▪ II. bunt, n.2 Bot.|bʌnt|
[Origin unknown.]
†1. The Puffball (Lycoperdon bovista). Now dial.
1601Holland Pliny xvi. xl. I. 490 Tinder, made..of bunts and withered leaues. 1609C. Butler Fem. Mon. vii. (1623) Q iij, Smother them with Brimstone or Bunt, as you kill Bees. 1878Britten & Holland Plant-n., Bunt, Lycoperdon Bovista, Nhamp.
2. A parasitic fungoid, Tilletia caries, which attacks wheat, filling the grain with black fetid powder; also the disease caused by it.
1797Ann. Reg. 409/2 Wheat..very much injured by smut-balls or bunts. 1847Berkeley Jrnl. Horticult. Soc. London II. 108 The principal diseases of plants, such as rust, bunt, mildew, etc., are of vegetable origin. 1865Carter's Gard. & Farmer's Vade-M. ii. 124 Bunt..results in a swollen discoloured seed..On the kernel being broken, it is found to be full of a black stinking powder. 1882A. Carey Princ. Agricult. xix. 164 Bunt, or Smut-ball, the most formidable disease, perhaps, to which wheat is subject.
▪ III. bunt, n.3 rare—1.
[perh. related to bun n.1]
? A portion of the stem or rachis of corn.
1775Specif. Rawlinsons Patent No. 1099 A coarse try [sieve] to convey the bunts from the chaff and corn.
▪ IV. bunt, n.4 ? Obs.
[f. bunt v.3]
a. An instrument for sifting meal.
b. in comb. bunt-mill, a machine for cleaning corn.
1794Stedman Surinam (1813) II. xxvi. 298 Their dancing music..is not unlike that of a baker's bunt, when he separates the flour from the bran. Ibid. xxix. 369 Separated from the chaff through a bunt-mill.
▪ V. bunt, n.5 Sc. and dial.|bʌnt|
[Var. and perh. more original form of bun n.3]
The tail of a hare or rabbit.
1805A. Scott Hare's Compl. in Poems 79 (Jam.) A strolling hound Had near hand catched me by the bunt. 1877E. Peacock N.W. Lincoln. Gloss. Bunt, the tail of a rabbit.
▪ VI. bunt, n.6 local.
A medium quality of fagot.
‘There are three classes of fagots for household use in Sussex, 1. brish fagots or kiln fagots, 2. seconds, spray fagots, lordings, or bunts, 3. house-fagots (the best quality).’—Rev. W. D. Parish.
1884West Sussex G. 25 Sept. Advt., Clearance Stock of Agricultural Drain Tiles, Pipes, Bricks, etc., and a quantity of Bunts, Faggots, Mare, Pony, and other stock.
▪ VII. bunt, n.7 cant.
[Of unknown origin: cf. bunce.]
An extra profit or gain; something to the good. (See quot.)
1851Mayhew Lond. Labour I, 33 ‘Boys’ deputed to sell a man's goods for a certain sum, all over that amount being the boy's profit or bunts [on p. 470 spelt bunse]. 1881Cheq. Career 270 In the stable..in livery-stables, there is a box into which all tips are placed. This is called ‘Bunt’.
▪ VIII. bunt, n.8 dial.
1. The action of bunt v.2
1767Boston Gaz. 19 Jan. (Th.), [The black ram] will sometimes come behind a great Weather..and give him a paultry Bunt at unawares. 1875Parish Sussex Dial. s.v., A bunt is described to me as a push with a knock in it, or a knock with a push in it.
2. Baseball. An act of stopping the ball with the bat without striking. Also bunt-hit. U.S.
1889Chicago Tribune 8 Aug. 6/1 Connor got around on bases on balls given himself and Richardson, Ward's bunt toward third..and a wild pitch. 1896Knowles & Morton Baseball 114 A bunt hit is a deliberate attempt on the part of the batsmen to hit a ball slowly within the infield so that it cannot be fielded by any fielder in time to retire the batsman. 1917C. Mathewson Sec. Base Sloan ii. 169 Despaigne started out poorly enough, trickling a bunt to third. 1968Washington Post 4 July C 1/8 With Rich Reese looking for a bunt and charging in from first base, Azcue punched his game-winning hit into right field.
▪ IX. bunt, n.9 Aeronaut.
[perh. f. bunt v.2]
A manœuvre in aerobatics involving half an outside loop followed by a half roll.
1932Techn. Rep. Aeronaut. Research Comm. 1930–1931 I. 47 Load factors one half that of normal flight would be adequate to cover the manoeuvre known as the bunt. 1935C. G. Burge Compl. Bk. Aviation 89/2 Like most aerobatic manoeuvres the bunt was first done by Pégoud.
▪ X. bunt, v.1 Naut.
[f. bunt n.1]
1. trans. ‘To haul up the middle part of (a sail) in furling’ (Smyth Sailor's Word-bk.).
1611Cotgr., Bourser, to bunt, or leaue a bunt in a sayle. 1756Gentl. Mag. XXVI. 449 Haul'd up my courses, bunted my main sail.
2. intr. Of a sail: To swell, to belly.
1681[see bunting vbl. n.1]. 1755in Johnson, and in mod. Dicts. Not in Smyth Sailor's Word-bk.
▪ XI. bunt, v.2 Chiefly dial.
[cf. butt v.; also bunch, bounce; Breton has bounta in same sense, but connexion is scarcely possible.]
1. trans. and intr. To strike, knock, push, butt.
1825Wiltsh. Gloss., Bunt, to strike with the head, as a young animal pushes the udder of its dam. 1867Bushnell Mor. Uses Dark Th. 203 When the gusty shocks of broad⁓side pressure bunt upon the house. 1875Parish Sussex Dial., Bunt, to rock a cradle with the foot; to push or butt.
2. Baseball. To stop (the ball) with the bat without swinging the latter. Also absol. So ˈbunted ppl. a., ˈbunting vbl. n.2
1889Reach's Base Ball Guide 144 Bunted Ball. 1892Courier-Journal 2 Oct. 13/5 There is not a man in his team that can bunt. 1896Spalding's Base Ball Guide 77 The ‘bunting’ of the ball, so as to cause it to drop to the ground almost dead. 1912C. Mathewson Pitching ii. 23 Doyle bunted and was safe, filling the bases. Ibid. xiii. 298 Once,..McGraw planned a bunting game against Overall. 1967Boston Sunday Herald (This Week Mag.) 9 Apr. 5/2 Don't wait till after a pitch is thrown to decide whether the batter will bunt or try for the hit-and-run.
▪ XII. bunt, v.3 dial.
[Etymology unknown: goes with bunt n.4 (In the 13th c. quot. we might read bouteþ, as a possible variant of bulteþ, from bolt v.1; but the spelling with ou does not otherwise occur until 15th c., and is peculiarly northern.)]
trans. To sift (meal).
1340Ayenb. 93 Ase þe ilke þet bonteþ þet mele, þet to-delþ þet flour uram þe bren. 1880M. A. Courtney W. Cornw. Gloss., Bunting, sifting flour. 1883Hampsh. Gloss. (E.D.S.) Bunt, to sift meal. |