| 释义 |
▪ I. burgher, n.|ˈbɜːgə(r)|
Also 6–7 burger, -ar, -or.
[In 16th c. burger, a. early mod.G. or Du. burger citizen of a burg or fortified town; afterwards assimilated to Eng. burgh, borough.]
1. a. An inhabitant of a burgh, borough, or corporate town; a citizen. Chiefly used of continental towns, but also of English boroughs, in a sense less technical than burgess. Now somewhat arch.
1568[see burghership]. 1590Marlowe 2nd Pt. Tamburl. v. i. 160 Go now, and bind the burghers, hand and foot. 1600Shakes. Merch. V. i. i. 10 Your Argosies..Like Signiors and rich Burgers on the flood. 1660R. Coke Power & Subj. 186 A Burger who hath..half a mark, let him pay a Peter-peny. 1698in R. Holmes Bk. of Entries of Pontefract Corp. 233 The most able and sufficient Burgesse or Burgor inhabiting and residing in the said town. 1727De Foe Eng. Tradesm. xxvi. (1841) I. 265 The burgher's wives of Horsham, go as fine as they do in other places. 1824W. Irving T. Trav. I. 56 A rich burgher of Antwerp..in a broad Flemish hat. a1842Macaulay Armada 74 And the red glare on Skiddaw roused the burghers of Carlisle. 1867Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) I. v. 288 The valiant burghers had already learned to grapple with the Dane.
fig.1619Drayton Man Moon (R.) As those great burghers of the forest wild, The hart, the goat.
b. attrib. and comb.
1818Scott Hrt. Midl. xviii, ‘I do not understand,’ answered the burgher-magistrate, ‘that the young man Butler's zeal is of so inflammable a character.’ 1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. II. i. viii. 56 Mark that queenlike burgher-woman. 1841Spalding Italy & It. Isl. II. 170 Contests, in which one club of burgher-oligarchs successively displaced another. 1855Motley Dutch Rep. (1861) I. 38 The burgher class controlled the government. 1873Dixon Two Queens III. xiii. iv. 20 Springing from a burgher stock. 1878Simpson Sch. Shaks. i. 154 To show the inferiority of a burgher militia to professional soldiers in war.
2. A member of that section of the Scottish Secession Church, which upheld the lawfulness of the burgess oath: also attrib. See antiburgher.
1766J. Brown Hist. Seceders 67 The Anti-burghers..persecuted their Burgher brethren with deposition and excommunication. 1773J. Smith Hist. Sk. Relief Ch. 41 The Burgher clergy maintained that it [the Synod] remained in their society, while the Antiburghers endeavoured to prove that they carried it away with them to Mr. Gibb's manse. 1861Ramsay Remin. (ed. 18) 18 John Brown, Burgher minister at Whitburn. 1881Masson Carlyle in Macm. Mag. XLV. 74 That Nonconforming communion, called the Burgher Seceders.
3. In Ceylon; see quot.
1807Cordiner Ceylon (Y.) Admitted by the Dutch to all the privileges of citizens under the denomination of Burghers. 1836Penny Cycl. VI. 457/1 The descendants of Europeans of unmixed blood, and that race which has sprung from the intercourse of Europeans with the natives, are called Burghers.
4. S. Afr. A citizen of the Cape Colony, the Natal or Transvaal Republics, or the Orange Free State before the advent of British rule. Also attrib.
1879B. Frere et al. Speech Cape Town 24 To encourage the brave Burghers and Southey's Volunteers to do their best to put an end to the war on the northern border of the Colony. 1879(title) Interview between..Sir Bartle Frere, and the Deputation from the Boer Committee, At the Burgher Camp, April, 1879. 1881F. R. Statham Blacks, Boers, & British iii. 43 To save them from annihilation at the hands of the Free State burghers, the Basutos were, in 1868, taken under British protection. 1898Kruger in South Africa 1 Jan. 11/1 Burghers and fellow-countrymen, the times are such that a wise and judicious development of our sources of aid requires the most earnest consideration. 1958L. Van der Post Lost World of Kalahari iii. 56 Every burgher was permitted, if not actually enjoined, to shoot a Bushman on sight.
Hence ˈburgherage, ˈburgherdom, ˈburgherhood, the body of burghers or citizens collectively.
1858Carlyle Fredk. Gt. I. iii. iii. 210 Baronage, Burgherage, they were German mostly by blood, and by culture were wholly German. 188419th Cent. July 121 Voss the poet of burgherdom. 1885Harper's Mag. Feb. 413/2 As the burgherhood enlarged, the assembly became a huge mob.
▪ II. ˈburgher, v. Sc.
[f. the n.]
= burgess v.
1825Ld. Cockburn Mem. i. 70 Being ‘Burghered’ or made to ‘ride the Stang’. |