| 释义 |
▪ I. scroll, n.|skrəʊl|
Forms: 5–8 scrowle, 6 scrolle, schrole, skrole, scrall, 6–7 scroule, 6–8 scrole, 7 scroul, scrowll, skroule, 7–9 scrowl, 8 scrawl, 6– scroll. Also escroll.
[In 15th c. scrowle, altered form of the earlier scrow.
Possibly due to assimilation to rowle, roll n. The form would be abnormal as an adoption of OF. escro(u)ele, dim. of escro(u)e escrow, scrow.]
1. a. A roll of paper or parchment, usually one with writing upon it.
14..Nom. in Wr.-Wülcker 682/26 Hec sidula, a scrowle. a1513Fabyan Chron. vii. (1533) 152 b, He therfore redde the scrowle of resignacyon him selfe, in maner and fourme as foloweth. 1526Tindale Rev. vi. 14 And heven vanysshed awaye as a scroll when hitt is rolled togedder. 1588Shakes. Tit. A. iv. ii. 18 What's heere? a scrole, & written round about? c1590Marlowe Faustus 562, I, of necessitie, for here's the scrowle, Wherein thou hast giuen thy soule to Lucifer. a1648Ld. Herbert Hen. VIII (1683) 456 Thus bowing his head to look upon a scroul lapt about his finger, he made a pause. 1704Swift Tale of Tub ii. Wks. 1751 I. 58 An old Parchment Scrowl was tagged on according to Art in the Form of a Codicil annexed. 1742W. Collins Ode, Manners 76 Let some retreating Cynic find Those oft-turn'd scrolls I leave behind. 1820Shelley Witch Atl. xix, Other scrolls whose writings did unbind The inmost lore of Love. 1868Tennyson Lucretius 12 He past To turn and ponder those three hundred scrolls Left by the Teacher, whom he held divine. 1879Froude Cæsar xxvi. 460 A stranger thrust a scroll into his hand, and begged him to read it on the spot.
b. fig.
1649Jer. Taylor Gt. Exemp. iii. Disc. xv. 34 God was pleased to shew the scrowles of his eternall counsels. 1817Shelley Rev. Islam ii. 765 And now, to me The moonlight..Interpreted those scrolls of mortal mystery. 1891F. Thompson Sister-Songs (1895) 32 Summoned by some presaging scroll of fate.
c. transf.
1656Cowley Pindar. Odes, Isa. xxxiv. iii, The wide-stretcht Scrowl of Heaven. 1862Tyndall Mountaineer. iii. 26 As the day sinks, scrolls of pearly clouds draw themselves around the mountain crests. 1886Stevenson Kidnapped 12, I saw a scroll of smoke go mounting.
d. A roll or bundle of any material.
1852Dickens Bleak Ho. xxix, Chesney Wold is shut up, carpets are rolled into great scrolls in corners of comfortless rooms. 1856Kane Arct. Expl. II. xvii. 177, I took Sir John Franklin's portrait..and cased it in an India-rubber scroll.
e. Scroll of the Law: in Judaism, a scroll containing the Torah or Pentateuch; = Sefer Torah. Also absol.
1887Jewish Rec. 11 Mar. 6/1 The Ark, containing only two very small scrolls of the law, was simply a deal cupboard. 1907I. Zangwill Ghetto Comedies 395 There was an Ark with scrolls of the Law in the room. 1949Spectator 4 Nov. 595/2 The Ark was opened and the Scrolls of the Law revealed. 1976C. Bermant Coming Home i. v. 63 Sacred Scrolls of the Law..prayer-shawls, and an entire kosher field kitchen..followed us south. 1978H. Kemelman Thursday Rabbi walked Out (1979) xii. 73 In the morning services..we read from the Scroll.
2. a. A piece of writing, esp. a letter.
1534Starkey Let. to Cromwell in England (1878) p. ix, Syr, the grete gentylnes of you so manyfestely schowyd toward me,..gyuyth me yet a lytyl more boldnes to trowbul you wyth the redyng of thys scrole. 1606Shakes. Ant. & Cl. iii. viii. 5 Do not exceede The Prescript of this Scroule. 1723Wodrow Corr. (1843) III. 101 Forgive me this long scroll, which is not my ordinary, and give my wife's and my humble duty to your lady and family. 1808Scott Marm. v. xxi, And that between them then there went Some scroll of courteous compliment.
b. A list, roll, or schedule (of names). Also fig.
1546Supplic. Poore Commons (E.E.T.S.) 78 A scrowle, wherin wer written the names of the parishes wherof he was parson. 1556in Burnet Hist. Ref. (1681) II. ii. ii. xxviii. 302 To whose hands..any of the said Accompts, Books, Scroles, Instruments, or other Writings..did or is come. 1590Shakes. Mids. N. i. ii. 16 Now good Peter Quince, call forth your Actors by the scrowle. 1621Bp. Hall Heaven upon Earth §7 Neither can it suffice for peace, to haue crossed the old scrole of our sinnes, if we preuent not the future. 1667Milton P.L. xii. 336 Such follow him, as shall be registerd Part good, part bad, of bad the longer scrowle. 1820Hazlitt Lect. Dram. Lit. 1 Men whom fame has eternised in her long and lasting scroll. 1903Morley Gladstone v. v. (1905) I. 718 He was..to add another to the long scroll of tragedies in the house of Austria.
c. A draft or copy (of a letter). ? Sc. ? Obs.
1790[see scroll-copy in 6 c]. 1855Brewster Newton II. xxvi. 382 He wrote scrolls of almost every letter he composed. 1889Stevenson Master of Ballantrae 165 The best will be to reproduce a letter of my own..of which (according to an excellent habitude) I have preserved the scroll.
3. a. A strip or ribbon-shaped slip of paper with a legend inscribed; a graphic or plastic representation of this.
a1600Flodden F. iv. (1664) 32 A certain scrall, whose scripture said, Jack of Norfolk be not too bold. 1644Symonds Diary (Camden) 17 This motto is in divers severall scrowlls: ‘Mercy and Grace’. 1751Hurd Poet. Imit. 148 Painters continuing, for a long time, to put written scrolls in the mouths of their figures; and contriving, by this expedient, to make them tell their business to the spectator.
b. Her. The ribbon-like appendage to a coat of arms, on which the motto is inscribed; = escroll 2. Also, transf. the words inscribed upon the scroll.
1610J. Guillim Heraldry vi. vi. (1611) 265 Three or foure words which are set in some Scrole or Compartement, placed usually at the foot of the escocheon. 1828–40Berry Encycl. Herald. I, Scroll, part of the outward ornaments of the shield, achievement or escocheon of arms in which the motto is inscribed. 1859Tennyson Vivien 326 A knightly shield..; the scroll ‘I follow fame’.
c. App. used for: A streamer, narrow flag.
1808Scott Marm. iv. xxviii, A thousand streamers flaunted fair..Scroll, pennon, pensil, bandrol there O'er the pavilions flew.
4. An ornament resembling a scroll of paper partly unrolled.
a. A convoluted or spiral ornament; spec. the volute of the Ionic and Corinthian capitals. b. Shipbuilding. A curved piece of timber bolted to the knee of the head. c. The curved head of instruments of the violin kind, in which the tuning-pins are set. d. U.S. A flourish (or sometimes a circle) added to a person's signature to represent a seal, and having the same value.
a.1611Cotgr., Vrilles, hooke-like edges or ends of leaues (called by some of our workemen Scrolls, and) sticking out in the upper parts of pillers, and of other peeces of Architecture. 1655Evelyn Diary 2 Mar., A most rich achat cup..having a figure of Cleopatra at the scroll. 1663Gerbier Counsel 88 For scrowles to the said windowes, six shillings a piece. 1704J. Harris Lex. Techn. I, Scrowles, or Volutes. 1762–71H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Paint. I. (1786) 285 The capitals are gilt and painted with ugly scrolls and compartments, in the taste of that reign. 1823P. Nicholson Pract. Build. 200 The Scroll is the termination of the hand⁓rail of a geometrical stair, in the form of a spiral. 1884W. C. Smith Kildrostan 43 Dark slabs carved with the great Cross-sword, And..the galley, with scrolls all round.
b.1797Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) XVII. 394/2 The upper part [of the upper cheek] may run in a serpentine as high as where the shoulder of the figure is supposed to come, at which place it may be turned off with a scroll. The distance from the scroll to the heel of the figure is called the hair-bracket. 1898Ansted Dict. Sea Terms, Scroll or scroll-head.
c.1836Dubourg Violin i. (1878) 8 The Scroll, that crowning charm of the fiddle's form. 1875G. Hart Violin 288 He calmly set himself to open the parcel containing his dissected ‘Strad’, when..he failed to find its scroll.
d.1856Bouvier Amer. Law Dict. (ed. 6) II. 500 Scroll, a mark which is to supply the place of a seal, made with a pen or other instrument on a writing. In some of the states this has all the efficacy of a seal. 1871Amer. Encycl. Printing (ed. Ringwalt), Scroll is also used for the flourish made at the end of a signature, representing a seal.
5. a. Applied variously in technical use to scroll-shaped or spiral parts, figures, etc. (see quots.).
1868[see scroll-wheel in 6 c]. 1875Knight Dict. Mech., Scroll, (Hydraulic Engineering.) A spiral or converging adjutage around a turbine or other reaction water-wheel, designed to equalize the rate of flow of water at all parts around the circumference of the wheel, by decreasing the capacity of the chute in its circuit. 1891Century Dict., Scroll, the mantling or lambrequin of a tilting-helmet. (Rare.) Ibid., Scroll, in anat., a turbinate bone.
b. Geom. A skew ruled surface.
1862Cayley Math. Papers (1892) V. 90 The skew surface of the third order, or ‘cubic scroll’..may be considered [etc.].
c. Physical Geogr. A crescent-shaped strip of land formed of material deposited on the inside of a river meander. Cf. point bar (b) s.v. point n.1 D. 14.
1902W. M. Davis in Bull. Mus. Compar. Zöol. Harvard XXXVIII. 300 The flood plain must be scoured out for a certain stretch..around the concave banks and along the up-valley side of every lobe; while a scroll of new flood plain..is added around the end and on the down-valley side of the lobe. 1939A. K. Lobeck Geomorphol. vii. 223 The following observable characteristics of mature streams may be taken to indicate that a graded profile has been established..: (a) Flood plain, with natural levees; (b) meanders, with abandoned meander scrolls, cutoffs, and oxbow lakes; [etc.]. 1960Geogr. Bull. XIV. 92 The abandoned meander scars and oxbows have radii of 1 to 2 miles, a size fully equal to the meander loops and scrolls of the lower course of the modern Horton River. 1975R. V. Ruhe Geomorphol. iv. 72/2 Fresh meander scars, abandoned channels, and flood-plain scrolls are in a channel belt one to two miles wide along the present channel.
6. attrib. and Comb.
a. Simple attrib., with the sense: Consisting of, having the form of, or decorated with scrolls, scrolled; as scroll back, scroll bracket, scroll-case, scroll foot, scroll-handle, scroll-keystone, scroll-leg, scroll-moulding, scroll-work; scroll-leaved, scroll-patterned, scroll-shaped adjs.; scroll-wise adv.
1958S. Spender Engaged in Writing 13 The guests..in their *scroll-back chairs. 1969J. Gloag Short Dict. Furnit. 590 Scroll back, upholsterer's term for a single chair with the back curved at the top to form a scroll. 1976Cumberland News 3 Dec. 29/3 (Advt.), Three piece..scroll back suite.
1936Burlington Mag. July 25/1 A baluster finial, supported by three beaded *scroll-brackets. 1976Southern Even. Echo (Southampton) 18 Nov. 28/4 As well as scroll brackets, the canopies can also be supported by Georgian-style columns.
1896Daily News 5 Mar. 7/4 A clock by Vulliamy, in *scroll case.
1935Burlington Mag. July 36/1 The same *scroll-feet curved inwards and enriched with a row of silver pearls. 1960H. Hayward Antique Coll. 251/2 Designs for chairs with scroll feet were included in the third edition of Chippendale's Director. 1977Fleming & Honour Penguin Dict. Decorative Arts 715/2 Scroll foot, the foot especially of a mid-c 18 English chair-leg in the form of a tight scroll.
1878Nesbitt Catal. Glass Vessels S. Kens. Mus. 128 Vase..with two *scroll handles.
1813Gentl. Mag. LXXXIII. i. 38/1 To this arch a *scroll key-stone, and to the postern ditto plain key-stones.
1876G. M. Hopkins Wreck of Deutschland xxi, in Poems (1967) 58 In thy sight Storm flakes were *scroll-leaved flowers.
1850Parker's Gloss. Archit., Roll-moulding... It is sometimes called the *scroll moulding, from its resemblance to a scroll of paper or parchment with the edge overlapping.
1866Geo. Eliot F. Holt xlv, As if she had to work out her deliverance from bondage by finishing a *scroll-patterned border.
1896Daily News 5 Mar. 7/4 A large Louis XV. ormolu cartel clock,..in a *scroll-shaped case.
1851H. Melville Moby Dick II. xliv. 298 To the whale, his tail is the sole means of propulsion. *Scroll-wise coiled forwards beneath the body, and then rapidly sprung backwards. 1857Gosse Omphalos vii. 129 Young leaves..coiled up scroll-wise at their tips.
1739Gray Let. to West 22 May, Sugar-loaves and minced-pies of yew; *scrawl-work of box, and little squirting jets-d'eau. 1840Civ. Engin. & Arch. Jrnl. III. 2/1 The three doors will be of oak, relieved by the quaint and beautiful ramified iron scroll-work so characteristic of this style of architecture.
b. objective; as scroll-cutter, scroll-cutting, scroll-filer; instrumental; as scroll-cut adj.
1837Civ. Engin & Arch. Jrnl. I. 75/1 Separated by *scroll⁓cut standards.
1892Daily Chron. 28 Apr. 8/1 Gun Engraving. Wanted at once good *scroll cutter.
1873Richards Operator's Handbk. 125 For *scroll cutting, slitting, and with narrow blades generally, the matter of teeth has not such importance.
1881Instr. Census Clerks (1885) 91 Whitesmith... *Scroll Filer.
c. Special combinations: scroll-bone (see quot.); † scroll chair, a chair with a carved scroll ornament; scroll-chuck, a lathe-chuck with a spiral arrangement for operating the jaws; scroll-copy Sc., a rough draft or copy; scroll-creeper Arch. (see quot.); scroll-drum Mech., a drum of tapering form; scroll-finis, a scroll containing the word ‘finis’; scroll-gall Bot., a malformation consisting in the curling over of a leaf caused by an insect; scroll-gear (see quot.); scroll-guard (see quot. 1824); scroll-head = sense 5 b; scroll-iron, -lathe (see quots.); scroll painting, a painting on a scroll, of a style widely used in the East (esp. Japan); the practice of painting on scrolls; scroll picture, a picture on a scroll (see scroll painting); scroll salt (see quot. 1977); scroll-saw, a saw for cutting scrolls; so scroll-sawing; scroll-wheel, a wheel actuated by scroll-gear.
1891Century Dict., *Scroll-bone... The principal scroll-bones are the ethmoturbinals, maxilloturbinals, and sphenoturbinals.
1614in Archæologia XLII. 354 One highe Chaire with a longe cushin, two *scrowle chaires, two highe stooles.
1875Knight Dict. Mech., *Scroll-chuck.
1790Scott Let. in Lockhart (1837) I. vi. 172, I send you the *scroll copy of an essay on the origin of the feudal system. 1829― Rob Roy Postscr., These were taken from scroll copies in the possession of his Grace the present Duke.
1825Fosbroke Encycl. Antiq. I. 90* Crockets,..by professionalists termed ‘*scroll creepers’.
1875Martin Winding Mach. 42 It would..be advisable..to give up all idea of using *scroll drums like those used in England and in Germany.
1856Mrs. Browning Aur. Leigh iii. 957 That fair *scroll-finis of a wicked book.
1895Oliver tr. Kerner's Nat. Hist. Plants II. 530 *Scroll-galls are caused by gall-mites, leaf⁓lice [etc.].
1875Knight Dict. Mech., *Scroll-gear, a gear⁓wheel of spiral or snail form.
1820P. Hawker Diary (1893) I. 194 The keeper..hooked the gun by the *scroll guard and brought it up. 1824― Instr. Yng. Sportsmen (ed. 3) 54 Scroll-guard, an extra bow, continued from the guard [which defends the triggers], to steady the hand.
1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., *Scroll-head.
1871Z. Colburn Locomotive Engin. xxxii. 303/1 *Scroll-irons. 1886Lockwood's Dict. Mech. Engin., Scroll Irons, small brackets attached to the underside of railway wagons, to which the ends of the bearing springs are attached.
1884Knight Dict. Mech. Suppl., *Scroll Lathe, one adapted to turn spiral and scroll work, such as balusters, table and piano legs.
1911, etc. *Scroll painting [see makimono]. 1936Burlington Mag. Oct. 161/1 One of the most characteristic forms of Japanese pictorial art of the medieval periods, is that of treating a subject in long scroll-paintings. 1970Oxf. Compan. Art 1225/1 Scroll painting with Buddhist themes was introduced to Japan from China in the 8th c. 1977J. van de Wetering Japanese Corpse (1978) ix. 95 He has some very famous scroll paintings.
1899Kipling From Sea to Sea I. xi. 300 The tokonama..held one *scroll-picture of bats wheeling in the twilight. 1923S. Merwin Silk (1924) 177 The larger scroll pictures were the last to appear from the bale.
1630in W. Prideaux Mem. Goldsmiths' Company (1896) I. 150 Complaint by Margaret Unwin..against Mr. Dickinson..for selling her a *scroll salt untouched. 1949N. M. Penzer in Apollo Ann. 48/1 (heading) Scroll salts. Ibid. 48/2 So far as known examples indicate, the scroll-salt in England lasted from about 1630–1690. 1977Fleming & Honour Penguin Dict. Decorative Arts 715/2 Scroll salt, a salt-cellar of silver or pottery surmounted by three little scrolled arms.
1851C. Cist Sk. Cincinnati in 1851 206 In the first story are located..the machinery for a *scroll saw..and the apparatus by which the veneering is done. 1875Knight Dict. Mech. Suppl., Scroll saw... The band-saw is a scroll-saw, and operates continuously. 1888Amer. Jrnl. Psychol. I. 473 On the outside of the door is tacked up a circle cut from thin wood with a scroll saw.
1874Spon's Dict. Engin. viii. 3093 This class of sawing is usually termed sweep or *scroll sawing for the heavier class of work, and fret sawing for the lighter or ornamental kinds.
1868J. Turner Woollen Manuf. Assist. 18 To find revolutions of rim for 1 of scroll... Divide the product of the driven (1st sh. roller wheel, 1st short wheel, 1st *scroll wheel and scroll) by the product of the drivers.
▪ II. scroll, v.|skrəʊl|
Also 7 scrool.
[f. scroll n.]
1. trans. To write down in a scroll (scroll n. 1, 3). rare.
1606Warner Alb. Eng. xiv. lxxxix. 361 And from his mouth was scroold this Mott: So I do euery day. 1630Drummond of Hawthornden Flowres of Sion 43 But thou in thy great Archieues scrolled hast In parts and whole, what euer yet hath past. 1852C. W. H[oskins] Talpa 8 The motto which might be scrolled up over so many a splendid door-way.
2.
†a. To draft, make a rough copy of. Obs.
b. ? Sc. To engross. Also absol.
a.1730T. Boston Acc. My Life (1908) 305, I had brought up the Account of My Life as scrolled in shorthand characters to the day of my beginning it. 1818Scott Hrt. Midl. viii, I'll scroll the disposition in nae time.
b.1814Scott Wav. xlii, He wald scroll for a plack the sheet, or she kenn'd what it was to want.
3. intr. for refl. To roll or curl up. Also fig.
1868M. C. Lea Photogr. 428 (Cent.) When gum mucilage is used, the addition of a very little glycerine will make it hold better, and diminish its tendency to separate or scroll. 1958R. Macaulay Lett. to Sister (1964) 265 The new high altar..is very splendid... Gold leaves scrolling round the pillars. 1976National Observer (U.S.) 9 Oct. 25/4 My life..had a tendency to spread, to scroll and festoon like the frame of a baroque mirror.
4. intr. (See quot.)
1962A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio viii. 149 An ‘overlap’ is made by starting to record each new disc half a minute or more before the old one is due to run out; the extent of the overlap is indicated by ‘scrolling’ (i.e. by momentarily increasing the cutter's rate of travel towards the centre of the disc).
Hence ˈscrolling vbl. n.; also ppl. a., forming or decorated with scrolls.
1731T. Boston Acc. My Life (1908) 332 With some difficulty I carried the scrolling of my letter some length. 1936Burlington Mag. Jan. 40/1 Inlaid with mother-o'-pearl with a scrolling design. 1979Times 24 Nov. 4/6 The body of the piece is richly encrusted with scrolling ormolu.
Add:5. Computing. a. trans. Originally, to move (text displayed on a screen) up or down as if it were on a scroll stretched vertically across the screen, in order to view other parts of the text; to effect such movement in (a screen, or part of it, which displays such text); also, in later use, to move (text or other displayed material) to the left, right, etc. (also without const.) in a similar manner. Cf. *page v. 2 4.
1971Auerbach on Alphanumeric Displays xi. 82 The data on the screen can be scrolled up or down to bring in new data, line by line, at the bottom or at the top of the screen. 1974Proc. AFIPS Conf. XLIII. 251/1 Sequential windows behave like typewriter simulations (text is scrolled through them). 1978Sci. Amer. Dec. 148/2 (Advt.), These windows can even be scrolled individually, both vertically and horizontally, to a width of 160 columns and a length of several thousand lines. 1980Practical Computing Sept. 60/1 The semicolon prompt accepts a command, holds it on screen during execution, and scrolls it up a line on completion. 1983Your Computer Sept. 129/2 This is a programme to scroll part of the screen one byte at a time, laterally.
b. intr. Of displayed text, etc.: to move in this way (usu. up or in a specified direction). Of a display: to move displayed material upwards by scrolling.
1977Broadcast 10 Oct. 12/2 Transmission is started by pressing the ‘Send’ key. The text will then scroll up to the end of the entered text. 1980Practical Computing June 64/3 If an address is outside the currently-displayed fields, the window scrolls to portray that region of the table in which the address resides. 1983R. Haskell Atari BASIC xiv. 129/2 The data value in location 53279 will keep being displayed and will scroll off the screen. 1985J. Fuller Mass vii. 197 Ruffalino was leaning over the shoulder of a rewriteman, watching the story scroll out on the screen.
c. To move through text on a screen by scrolling, esp. vertically or horizontally.
1979Computer Peripherals Feb. 9/5 The devices then permit the operator to..scroll through the memory a line at a time. 1981Practical Computing Mar. 71/2 You can scroll in either direction, rolling text through the screen to reach the start or finish of the document. 1984M. Grimes Dirty Duck iii. 25 There's that sonnet that looks like a suicide threat—want me to scroll up to that? 1989A. Dillard Writing Life vi. 90, I have been doing some scrolling, here and elsewhere, scrolling up and down beaches and blank monitor screens.
d. The infin. used attrib. with the sense ‘scrolling’.
1982What's New in Computing Nov. 20/4 The scroll rate can be varied between 60 and 1.9 line feeds per second. 1985Practical Computing Aug. 72/2 The vertical and horizontal scroll bars are used to move to different parts of the keyboard or grid. 1986V. G. Cerf in T. C. Bartee Digital Communications iv. 165 Most services today use screen or scroll mode command user interfaces.
▸ scroll bar n. Computing (in a graphical user interface) a thin section along the vertical or horizontal edge of a window allowing the user to scroll through material, either by dragging the cursor along the bar in the desired direction or by clicking on arrows at the top and bottom.
1983InfoWorld 12 Dec. 73/3 It is possible to scroll both vertically and horizontally by positioning the cursor on one of two *scroll bars displayed on the left side and bottom of the screen. 1985Personal Computer World Feb. 142/1 The screen can only look at part of the picture, so scroll bars are provided to allow you to pan around and look at the whole scene. 1992CU Amiga May 178/2 On selecting your drive..the current window will list the disk's contents, and a scroll bar will allow you to move up and down the list if there are lots of files. 1999N.Y. Times 14 Oct. g11/4 Mac and PC Control Panel programs..do not modify the windows' underlying architecture: familiar details like where a window's title and close box appear, and how the scrollbar looks. |