| 释义 |
▪ I. scurvy, n.|ˈskɜːvɪ|
Forms: α. 6 skurvie, 6–7 scurvie, 7 skirvye, 7–8 scurvey, 6– scurvy; β. 6 scurby, skyrby, scorbie, 7 scorby.
[Subst. use of scurvy a. (cf. scurvy disease under sense 1 of the adj.); the specific sense was determined by the use of the word to render the like-sounding F. scorbut, MLG. schorbûk, etc. (see scorbute), and the βforms above proceed from assimilation of the native to the foreign word. See also scruby.]
1. a. A disease characterized by general debility of the body, extreme tenderness of the gums, foul breath, subcutaneous eruptions and pains in the limbs, induced by exposure and by a too liberal diet of salted foods; scorbutus. Now recognized as due to insufficient ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in the diet.
Formerly used more vaguely, including what is now distinguished as purpura.
αc1565R. Baker in Hakluyt's Voy. (1589) 151 Our legs now..swolne euery ioint withall With this disease, which, by your leaue, the Scuruie men doe call. c1603Heywood & Rowley Fortune by Land & Sea iii. i. (1655) 21 They'l find work enough about home to keep us from the scurvey. 1620J. Mason New-found-land in Mem. (1887) 149 A great roote grows in fresh water ponds that is good against the skiruye. 1712E. Cooke Voy. S. Sea 35 About 30 more had the Scurvy. 1742Lond. & Country Brewer i. (ed. 4) 17 Our British Malady the Scurvy. 1840R. H. Dana Bef. Mast xxxv. 133 The scurvy had begun to show itself on board. 1898Allbutt's Syst. Med. V. 586 Scurvy is a general apyretic and non-contagious disorder. 1966Dunlop & Alstead Textbk. Med. Treatment (ed. 10) 390 Scurvy is a nutritional disease which results from prolonged subsistence on diets practically devoid of fresh fruits and vegetables. 1968Passmore & Robson Compan. Med. Stud. I. v. 10/1 Five major diseases: scurvy, beriberi, pellagra, keratomalacia and rickets, arise as a result of a dietary lack of one of the vitamins.
β1586A. H. tr. Guillemeau's Treat. Eyes title-p., A worthy treatise of the eyes &c. together with a profitable treatise of the scorbie. 1597Gerarde Herbal i. xii. 195 The disease..which we in England call the Scuruie, and Scurby, and vpon the seas the Skyrby. Ibid. ii. lxxxii. 325 Which excellent plant, Cæsars soldiers..found to preuaile..against that plague and hurtfull disease..called Scorbutum; in English the Scuruie, and Skyrbie.
†b. pl. Attacks of this disease. Obs.
1592Nashe P. Penilesse Wks. 1904 I. 171 Hee lyes in brine, in Balist, and is lamentable sicke of the scuruies. 1628Wither Brit. Rememb. i. 400 Sloath-bred Scurvies. 1732Arbuthnot Rules of Diet in Aliments, etc. 257 A temperate Sea-Salt, very useful in Scurvies. 1764Foote Mayor of G. i. Wks. 1799 I. 162 Your scurvies, and gouts.
†2. A disease of cattle. Cf. scurf n.1 2.
1604E. G[rimstone] D'Acosta's Hist. Indies vi. xv. 465 If the mangie or the scurvie which they call carache take any beast they were presently commaunded to bury it quicke, lest it should infect others.
3. attrib. and Comb., as scurvy-rickets, scurvy-spot; † scurvy-ale, medicated ale intended as an antidote to scurvy (cf. scurvy-grass ale); † scurvy-weed, -wort = scurvy-grass.
1618J. Taylor (Water-P.) Pennyless Pilgr. C 2, We had a sort of Ale, called *Scuruy Ale.
1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. III. 18 In infants I have known *scurvy-rickets mistaken for rheumatism.
1856Kane Arct. Expl. I. xiv. 163 The *scurvy-spots that mottled our faces.
1568Turner Herbal i. (ed. 2) 90, I could neuer learne anye name of it, but *Scurby wede, or *Scurby wurt.
▪ II. scurvy, a.|ˈskɜːvɪ|
Forms: 6 skurvy, scurvye, skurvie, skyrvye, 6–7 scurvie, 7 scirvy, skirvie, scurvey, 6– scurvy.
[f. scurf n.1 (with regular change of f into v) + -y. Cf. the later scurfy a.; also Sw. skorfvig, LG. schorfig, Du. schurftig.]
†1. Covered with scurf; suffering from, or of the nature of, skin disease; scurfy, scabby. Obs.
scurvy disease: spec. = scurvy n.
1515Barclay Egloges iii. (1570) B vj b, Iugglers and pipers, and scuruy wayfarers. a1529Skelton E. Rummyng 140 A sorte of foule drabbes All scuruy with scabbes. 1535Coverdale Lev. xxi. 20 Whether he be blynde,..or is gleyd, or is skyrvye or scaulde. 1577Frampton Joyful News ii. (1596) 38 Shee was healed of her skuruie disease very well. 1580Hollyband Treas. Fr. Tong, Le mal Saint-Mein, the Scuruie disease. 1597Gerarde Herbal i. xl. 60 The bran of Wheate..rubbed vpon them that be scuruie and mangie, easeth the partie very much. 1610Markham Masterp. ii. lxxviii. 351 This medicine is well approued to cure..Moully heeles, or any other sciruy scalls whatsoeuer. 1642D. Rogers Naaman 439 Contrary to the scurvy and unsightly flesh of a leper. 1758J. S. Le Dran's Observ. Surg. (1771) Dict. C c 7 Psoriasis, a Scurvy Scabbiness in the Body.
b. transf. Of vegetable growths: Resembling scurf, scurfy.
1763Mills Pract. Husb. IV. 319 The situation..should communicate to the vines a moisture which is neither bitter nor salt; for either of these will vitiate the taste of the wine, and give a scurvy rough coat to every plant that grows on such land. 1837P. Keith Bot. Lex. 42 A ring of scurvy and diseased matter.
2. fig. Sorry, worthless, contemptible. Said both of persons and things. Cf. scabbed a. 2. Also of treatment, etc.: Shabby, discourteous. Now somewhat arch.
1579J. Northbrooke Dicing 64 b, Looke that thou flee and eschewe this scabbed and scuruie company of Dauncers. 1587Mirr. Mag., Wolsey ii, Ambitious minde, a world of wealth would haue, So scrats and scrapes, for scorfe, and scoruy drosse. 1592Kyd Sp. Trag. iii. v. 1411 Ist not a scuruie iest that a man should iest himselfe to death? 1604Shakes. Oth. iv. ii. 140 The Moore's abus'd by some most villanous Knaue, Some base notorious Knaue, some scuruy Fellow. 1632Lithgow Trav. iii. 107 He reporteth..that the scuruy Ile of Manne, is so abundant in Oates, Barley, and Wheate, that it supplieth the defects of Scotland. 1710Swift Jrnl. to Stella 19 Nov., Steele and I sat among some scurvy company over a bowl of punch. 1710–11Ibid. 9 Jan., We only had a scurvy dinner at an alehouse. 1751Smollett Per. Pic. (1779) II. lxv. 217 The music of a scurvy organ and a few other instruments. 1823Scott Peveril xliv, Take your hand from my cloak, my Lord Duke,..I have a scurvy touch of old puritanical humour about me. I abide not the imposition of hands. 1876Blackie Songs of Relig. 113 The bare brae seems clad in mockery, With one thin belt of lean, and scurvy trees. 1902Brenan House of Percy II. ii. 83 Scant preferment and scurvy friendship..the Earl received.
†b. quasi-adv.
1623Webster Duchess Malfi iii. ii, How scurvy prowd he would looke when the treasury was full! |